J/AJ/144/78ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/144/78doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51440078CDSWegner G.A.Corsini E.M.Thomas J.Saglia R.P.Bender R.Pu S.B.2017-10-18T08:24:32Z2013-12-04T07:16:28ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frchemical-abundancesspectroscopygalaxiesgalaxy-classification-systemsgalaxy-kinematicsWe present new radially resolved spectroscopy of eight early-type galaxies in the A262 cluster. The measurements include stellar rotation, velocity dispersion, H_3_ and H_4_coefficients of the line-of-sight velocity distribution along the major and minor axes and an intermediate axis as well as line-strength index profiles of Mg, Fe, and H{beta}. The ionized-gas velocity and velocity dispersion is measured for six sample galaxies along different axes. We derive dynamical mass-to-light ratios and dark matter densities from orbit-based dynamical models, complemented by the galaxies' ages, metallicities, and {alpha}-element abundances from single stellar-population models. The ionized-gas kinematics give a valuable consistency check for the model assumptions about orientation and intrinsic shape of the galaxies. Four galaxies have a significant detection of dark matter and their halos are about 10 times denser than in spirals of the same stellar mass. By calibrating dark matter densities to cosmological simulations we find assembly redshifts of z_DM_{approx}1-3, as previously reported for the Coma Cluster. The dynamical mass that follows the light is larger than expected for a Kroupa stellar initial mass function (IMF), especially in galaxies with high velocity dispersion {sigma}_eff_ inside the effective radius r_eff_. This could indicate a "massive" IMF in massive galaxies. Alternatively, some of the dark matter in massive galaxies could follow the light very closely. In combination with our comparison sample of Coma early-type galaxies, we now have 5 of 24 galaxies where (1) mass follows light to 1-3r_eff_, (2) the dynamical mass-to-light ratio of all the mass that follows the light is large ({approx}8-10 in the Kron-Cousins R band), and (3) the dark matter fraction is negligible to 1-3r_eff_. Unless the IMF in these galaxies is particularly "massive" and somehow coupled to the dark matter content, there seems to be a significant degeneracy between luminous and dark matter in at least some early-type galaxies. The role of violent relaxation is briefly discussed.2012AJ....144...78Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/144/78CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)VII/237 : HYPERLEDA. I. Catalog of galaxies (Paturel+, 2003)VII/110 : Rich Clusters of Galaxies (Abell+ 1989)J/A+A/509/A61 : Long slit spectroscopy in M31 (Saglia+, 2010)J/A+A/516/A4 : NGC1600, NGC4125, NGC7619 extended spectroscopy (Pu+, 2010)J/ApJ/705/1099 : The Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey. IX. (Auger+, 2009)J/ApJS/175/462 : Spectroscopy of Coma early-type galaxies (Corsini+, 2008)J/ApJ/621/673 : Line indices for 124 early-type galaxies (Thomas+, 2005)J/A+A/407/423 : Coma cluster early-type galaxies. III. (Mehlert+, 2003)J/AJ/126/2268 : Velocity dispersions & Mg2 index of galaxies (Wegner+, 2003)J/A+A/395/753 : Spectroscopy of Coma early-type galaxies. II. (Wegner+, 2002)J/MNRAS/321/277 : EFAR Catalog. VII. (Colless+, 2001)J/A+AS/141/449 : Coma cluster early-type galaxies (Mehlert+, 2000)J/MNRAS/305/259 : EFAR redshifts & velocity dispersions (Wegner+, 1999)J/AJ/116/2738 : Spectroscopy of early-type galaxies (Scodeggio+ 1998)J/MNRAS/292/499 : EFAR photometric data (Saglia+, 1997)J/ApJS/106/1 : EFAR cluster and galaxy selection (Wegner+, 1996)J/A+AS/120/489 : Galaxies morphology and IR photometry I. (Gavazzi+ 1996)J/A+AS/74/315 : 327 MHz Survey of the A262 cluster region (Righetti+, 1988)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/144/78https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/144/78http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/144/78https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/144/78https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/144/78http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/144/78GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/144/78/table1 (Properties of the sample galaxies)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/144/78/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/144/78/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/144/78/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true28.792570835.28194720.0055555555555555566/2261 2346 2347 24322.762881831355591e-19 3.3785437584409506e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/144/78?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/144/78/table1Properties of the sample galaxiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryONameOther name (from Wegner et al., 1996, Cat. J/ApJS/106/1)meta.idcharMTypeMorphological type (from Wegner et al., 1996, Cat. J/ApJS/106/1)src.morph.typecharn_MTypea = In spite of the cD classification, the properties of NGC 708 are not particularly extreme with respect to the other A262 galaxies listed here)meta.notecharRadEffective radius obtained by Saglia et al. (1997, cat. J/MNRAS/292/499) in the Kron-Cousins R bandarcsecphys.angSize;meta.modelledfloat<mu>Average surface brightness within the effective radius obtained by Saglia et al. (1997, cat. J/MNRAS/292/499) in the Kron-Cousins R band (1)mag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sb;em.opt.RfloatRmagTotal magnitude measured by Saglia et al. (1997, cat. J/MNRAS/292/499) in the Kron-Cousins R band (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatPA? Major-axis position angle measured north through east from the HyperLeda catalog of galaxies (Paturel et al., 2003, VII/237)degpos.posAngintnullableVsysHeliocentric systemic velocity from Wegner et al. (1999, Cat. J/MNRAS/305/259)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricintsigmaVelocity dispersion {sigma} measured by Wegner et al. (1999, J/MNRAS/305/259) (3)km/sphys.veloc.dispersionintdistProjected distance from NGC 708Mpcpos.distancefloatS+97Display the data from Saglia et al., 1997, Cat. J/MNRAS/292/499, within 1.5"meta.ref.urlcharW+99Display the data from Wegner et al., 1999, Cat. J/MNRAS/305/259meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refcharNEDSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refcharLEDASimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refchar_RAPositions from SIMBAD database (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SIMBAD database (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/144/78/table5Photometric parameters of the sample galaxiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharaSemi-major axisarcsecpos.angDistancefloate_aUncertainty in aarcsecstat.errorfloatmuRAzimuthally-averaged R band surface brightnessmag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sb;em.opt.Rfloate_muRUncertainty in muRmag.arcsec**-2stat.errorfloateEllipticitysrc.ellipticityfloate_eUncertainty in estat.errorfloatPAPosition angledegpos.posAngfloate_PAUncertainty in PAdegstat.errorfloatXposX position offset from center coordinatearcsecpos.cartesian.x;instr.detfloatYposY position offset from center coordinatearcsecpos.cartesian.y;instr.detfloatePosError in center coordinate position (1)arcsecstat.errorfloata3/a? 3rd cosine Fourier coefficient ratio (2)%stat.fit.paramfloatnullableb3/a? 3rd sine Fourier coefficient ratio (2)%stat.fit.paramfloatnullablea4/a? 4th cosine Fourier coefficient ratio (2)%stat.fit.paramfloatnullableb4/a? 4th sine Fourier coefficient ratio (2)%stat.fit.paramfloatnullablea6/a? 6th cosine Fourier coefficient ratio (2)%stat.fit.paramfloatnullableb6/a? 6th sine Fourier coefficient ratio (2)%stat.fit.paramfloatnullableErrError in the Fourier coefficients (3)stat.errorfloatJ/AJ/144/78/table6Stellar kinematics of the sample galaxiese_sigmaUncertainty in sigmakm/sstat.errorfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharRad[-20.54/16.98] Radiusarcsecpos.angDistancefloatvsiniStellar rotation velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatfloate_vsiniUncertainty in vsinikm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatsigmaVelocity dispersionkm/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloatH3Third order Gauss-Hermite momentstat.fit.paramfloate_H3Uncertainty in H3stat.errorfloatH4Fourth order Gauss-Hermite momentstat.fit.paramfloate_H4Uncertainty in H4stat.errorfloatPAPosition angledegpos.posAngintRRun number (G1)meta.id;obsintJ/AJ/144/78/table7Ionized-gas kinematics of the sample galaxiese_vsiniUncertainty in vsinikm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatsigmaVelocity dispersionkm/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloate_sigmaUncertainty in sigmakm/sstat.errorfloatPAPosition angledegpos.posAngintRRun numbermeta.id;obsintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharRad[-18.86/20.09] Radiusarcsecpos.angDistancefloatvsiniStellar rotation velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatfloatJ/AJ/144/78/table8Line-strength indices of the sample galaxiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharRad[-20.54/16.98] Radiusarcsecpos.angDistancefloatHb? The H{beta} line-strength index; in {AA}0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_Hb? Uncertainty in Hb0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullable[MgFe]The [MgFe] line-strength index; in {AA}0.1nmspect.indexfloate_[MgFe]Uncertainty in [MgFe]0.1nmstat.errorfloat<Fe>The <Fe> line-strength index; in {AA}0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_<Fe>Uncertainty in <Fe>0.1nmstat.error;phys.abund.FefloatMgbThe Mgb line-strength index; in {AA}0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_MgbUncertainty in Mgb0.1nmstat.errorfloatMg2The Mg_2_ line-strength indexmagspect.indexfloate_Mg2Uncertainty in Mg2magstat.errorfloatPAPosition angledegpos.posAngintRRun number (G1)meta.id;obsintJ/AJ/144/78/table2Log of the spectroscopic observationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharRObserving run (G1)meta.id;obsintPASlit position angle measured north through eastdegpos.posAngintSSlit position (MJ = major axis, or close to the major axis; MN = minor axis, or close to the minor axis; DG = diagonal axis)obs.paramcharNNumber of exposuresmeta.numberintExp1Exposure time (of the single exposures)stime.duration;obs.exposureintExp2Total exposure timehtime.duration;obs.exposurefloatQEstimated quality of the resulting spectrum (1=excellent; 2=very good; 3=good; 4=fair). See Figure 3 in this paper.meta.ref;pos.frameint