J/AJ/144/31ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/144/31doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51440031CDSKryukova E.Megeath S.T.Gutermuth R.A.Pipher J.Allen T.S.,Allen L.E.Myers P.C.Muzerolle J.2013-10-15T13:34:02Z2013-09-30T10:33:10ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmolecular-cloudsyoung-stellar-objectsinfrared-photometryWe identify protostars in Spitzer surveys of nine star-forming (SF) molecular clouds within 1kpc: Serpens, Perseus, Ophiuchus, Chamaeleon, Lupus, Taurus, Orion, Cep OB3, and Mon R2, which combined host over 700 protostar candidates. These clouds encompass a variety of SF environments, including both low-mass and high-mass SF regions, as well as dense clusters and regions of sparsely distributed star formation. Our diverse cloud sample allows us to compare protostar luminosity functions in these varied environments. We combine near- and mid-infrared photometry from the Two Micron All Sky Survey and Spitzer to create 1-24{mu}m spectral energy distributions (SEDs). Using protostars from the c2d survey with well-determined bolometric luminosities, we derive a relationship between bolometric luminosity, mid-IR luminosity (integrated from 1-24{mu}m), and SED slope. Estimations of the bolometric luminosities for protostar candidates are combined to create luminosity functions for each cloud. Contamination due to edge-on disks, reddened Class II sources, and galaxies is estimated and removed from the luminosity functions. We find that luminosity functions for high-mass SF clouds (Orion, Mon R2, and Cep OB3) peak near 1L_{sun}_ and show a tail extending toward luminosities above 100L_{sun}_. The luminosity functions of the low-mass SF clouds (Serpens, Perseus, Ophiuchus, Taurus, Lupus, and Chamaeleon) do not exhibit a common peak, however the combined luminosity function of these regions peaks below 1L_{sun}_. Finally, we examine the luminosity functions as a function of the local surface density of young stellar objects. In the Orion molecular clouds, we find a significant difference between the luminosity functions of protostars in regions of high and low stellar density, the former of which is biased toward more luminous sources. This may be the result of primordial mass segregation, although this interpretation is not unique. We compare our luminosity functions to those predicted by models and find that our observed luminosity functions are best matched by models that invoke competitive accretion, although we do not find strong agreement between the high-mass SF clouds and any of the models.2012AJ....144...31Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/144/31CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/125 : IRAS catalogue of Point Sources, Version 2.0 (IPAC 1986)II/156 : IRAS Faint Source Catalog, |b|>10, Version 2.0 (Moshir+ 1989)J/A+A/551/A46 : Compiled phot. for Cham I & II members (Lopez Marti+, 2013)J/ApJ/733/50 : Mid-IR photometric monitoring of the ONCJ/ApJ/731/8 : Multiple star formation in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2011)J/ApJS/196/4 : New young star candidates in Taurus-Auriga (Rebull+, 2011)J/ApJ/727/64 : Young stellar groups & their most massive stars (Kirk+, 2011)J/ApJ/714/778 : YSOs in the Serpens Molecular Cloud (Oliveira+, 2010)J/AJ/139/950 : JHKs photometry in ONC (Robberto+, 2010)J/A+A/513/A38 : RZJHK phot. for stellar sources in Serpens (Spezzi+, 2010)J/ApJ/710/1247 : Dense cores in Gould Belt clouds (Sadavoy+, 2010)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJ/692/973 : Protostars in Perseus, Serpens and Ophiuchus (Enoch+, 2009)J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)J/AJ/137/4072 : Infrared photometry of G216-2.5 YSOs (Megeath+, 2009)J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)J/ApJ/684/1240 : Prestellar cores in Perseus, Serpens, Ophiuchus (Enoch+, 2008)J/ApJ/675/1375 : IRAC/MIPS photometry in Cha I (Luhman+, 2008)J/ApJS/177/551 : Spitzer c2d survey of Lupus dark clouds (Merin+, 2008)J/ApJ/676/427 : MIPS and IRAC data on ChaII PMS stars (Alcala+, 2008)J/ApJ/683/822 : Star formation in Ophiuchus and Perseus II. (Jorgensen+, 2008)J/ApJ/674/336 : Spitzer observations of NGC 1333 (Gutermuth+, 2008)J/A+A/468/1009 : Star formation in Perseus. II. (Hatchell+, 2007)J/ApJ/663/1149 : Spitzer survey of Serpens YSO population (Harvey+, 2007)J/AJ/133/1560 : Spitzer c2d small clouds and cores (Wu+, 2007)J/A+A/462/L17 : Dense cores in interstellar molecular clouds (Alves+, 2007)J/ApJ/669/493 : Spitzer/Chandra YSOs in Serpens cloud core (Winston+, 2007)J/ApJ/647/1180 : Infrared photometry of Taurus SFR (Luhman+, 2006)J/AJ/129/1534 : Mid-IR photometry in the Orion Nebula (Robberto+, 2005)J/ApJ/540/236 : KH photometry of Orion Nebula Cluster (Hillenbrand+, 2000)J/AJ/116/1816 : JHKLMNOPQ photometry in Orion cluster (Hillenbrand+, 1998)J/A+A/330/990 : VRIJHK phot. of the Serpens cloud core (Giovannetti+ 1998)J/A+A/320/185 : UBVRIcJHKL photometry in Lup (Wichmann+ 1997)J/AJ/109/709 : K survey of Ori A molecular cloud (Ali+ 1995)J/ApJS/101/117 : UBVRIJHKLMNQ photometry in Taurus-Auriga (Kenyon+ 1995)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/144/31https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/144/31http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/144/31https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/144/31https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/144/31http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/144/31GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/144/31/table1 (Properties of protostar candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/144/31/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/144/31/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/144/31/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true245.438-23.70878610.0055555555555555566/857 859 860 862 881 1037 1048 1050 1052 1054 1061 1075 1082 1159 1168 1538 1539 1542 14315 14318 14319 15681 15682 15683 15684 21371 21400 21402 21403 21425 21428 21430 21433 21435 21436 21438 21439 21445 21446 21447 21456 21457 21458 21464 21465 22804 22805 22848 22854 22855 22861 22873 22876 23549 23560 30361 30363 30366 41132 42611 42727 42738 42970 42981 42989 429926.772611666688002e-21 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/144/31?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/144/31/table1Properties of protostar candidatese_[3.6]? Uncertainty in [3.6]magstat.errorfloatnullable[4.5][4.05/17.55]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_[4.5]? Uncertainty in [4.5]magstat.errorfloatnullable[5.8][2.13/15.12]? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_[5.8]? Uncertainty in [5.8]magstat.errorfloatnullable[8.0][1.73/14.2]? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_[8.0]? Uncertainty in [8.0]magstat.errorfloatnullable[24][-3.5/7.99] Spitzer/MIPS 24um magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloate_[24]Uncertainty in [24]magstat.errorfloatr_[24]Origin of [24] (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharG09Cross-match with Gutermuth et al. 2009, Cat. J/ApJS/184/18meta.ref.urlintnullablealpha[-0.2/3.7] Spectral index {alpha}, best-fit of log({lambda}F_{lambda}_)/log{lambda}spect.index;meta.modelledfloatlogLLuminosity (log scale)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloat2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri et al. 2003, Cat. II/246)meta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameProtostar candidate location (3)meta.id.parentcharr_NameOrigin of position (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainJmag[9.25/17.74]? 2MASS J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag[6.76/16.59]? 2MASS H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag? Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKmag[5.15/16.1]? 2MASS Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Kmag? Uncertainty in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullable[3.6][5.08/17.14]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullable