J/A+A/713/A78ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/713/A78CDSRuggieri A.Desidera S.Pinamonti M.Barbato D.Sozzetti A.,Bonomo A.S.Naponiello L.Damasso M.Benatti S.Carleo I.Gratton R.,Biazzo K.Lanza A.F.PiccininiG.Nari N.Mantovan G.Maldonado J.,Nardiello D.Fiorenzano A.Ghedina A.Bignamini A.2026-09-08T07:07:23Z2026-09-08T07:55:47ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsorbitsstellar-massesradial-velocityThe architecture of our Solar System, with small inner planets (ISPs) and outer giants, may or may not be common. Understanding whether a correlation exists between ISPs and outer cold giants is key to evaluating how common systems with a similar architecture to our own are. This study aims to build a large, homogeneous sample of systems hosting cold Jupiters (CJs, aperi>1au, msini>0.1MJ) detected via radial velocities (RVs), and to assess the presence of additional ISPs (P<400d, 3<=msini<=31.7M_{Earth}.), studying the correlation between these two types of objects. We selected 137 stars known to host a CJ, including 23 which also harbor a hot Jupiter and were treated separately. Data from various instruments were compiled, including unpublished data gathered with the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher for the Northern hemisphere (HARPS-N) within the Global Architectures of Planetary Systems (GAPS) program, and consistently fitted using PyORBIT. We derived RV detection maps and calculated occurrence rates for ISPs, cross-validating results with two independent codes. The sample was divided into subgroups to evaluate how system parameters influence planet occurrence. Results. We confirmed the 213 already known planets in the 137 systems and also identified six new candidates. We divided them, based on mass and period, into Neptunes (10<msini<31.7M_{Earth}_) and Super-Earths (3<msini<=10M_{Earth}_), and into hot (1<=P<=10d), warm (10<P<=100d), and cool (100<P<=400d). We found occurrences of ~5%, ~13%, and ~12% for hot, warm, and cool Neptunes, respectively, and ~11% and ~16% for hot and warm Super-Earths, respectively. Systems with dynamically stable inner regions show higher rates of small planets. These findings are consistent with previous studies showing no strong correlation between ISPs and CJs at average stellar metallicity and mass, and suggest that hot Jupiters may be more commonly associated with external giants.2026A&A...713A..78Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/713/A78CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/713/A78https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/713/A78http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/713/A78https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/713/A78https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/713/A78http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/713/A78GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/713/A78/tablee1 (Main physical parameters for the stars in our sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A78/tablee1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A78/tablee1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A78/tablee1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true242.601315343.81764080.0055555555555555566/311 431 679 748 918 1597 1623 2497 2622 3350 3663 4136 4285 4881 5009 5067 5309 5522 8054 8319 9843 9934 10079 10490 11326 11589 13423 13808 14278 14329 14412 14416 14419 14548 14839 16652 16995 17496 17587 18821 19904 20020 20072 20746 21406 21838 21906 22837 22878 23030 23681 24019 24312 24530 25135 25140 25349 25446 25466 25538 26183 26961 26978 27018 27616 27750 28130 28763 28919 29515 29520 29541 30526 31689 31860 32561 32848 33182 33258 33430 33510 33571 33630 33923 34390 34674 35415 35839 36390 36506 36759 37047 37049 37094 38055 38378 38545 38743 39364 39446 39646 40066 40220 40985 41912 42044 42205 42221 42281 42318 42486 42570 42632 42808 43639 43813 43818 44243 44740 45258 45364 45682 45717 45865 46100 46111-46112 46297 46306 46682 47184 47550 47590 47780 47930 48519 48530https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/713/A78?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/713/A78/tablee1Main physical parameters for the stars in our samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharMassStellar mass (1)solMassphys.massfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharParallaxStellar parallax (1)maspos.parallaxdoubleGMAGAbsolute Gaia G magnitude (1)magphys.magAbsdoubleBp-RpGaia Bp-Rp color (1)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RdoubleTeff? Stellar effective temperature (1)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablelogg? Stellar surface gravity (1)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullable[Fe/H]? Stellar metallicity (1)phys.abund.ZfloatnullablelogRhk? Calcium H & K emission (2)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullabler-MassReference for stellar massmeta.bibcharr-otherReference for other stellar parametersmeta.bibchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/713/A78/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.notecharBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notecharJ/A+A/713/A78/tablee2Orbital parameters, minimum masses, and their respective uncertainties for all the planets in our samplee_eLower 1-sigma uncertainty in eccentricitystat.errorfloatE_eUpper 1-sigma uncertainty in eccentricitystat.error;stat.maxfloatKRV semi-amplitudem/sphys.veloc;src.orbitalfloatomegaArgument of periastrondegsrc.orbital.periastronfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar Identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharPlanetPlanet Identifiermeta.code.multipcharPerPerioddtime.perioddoublee_PerLower 1-sigma uncertainty in perioddstat.errordoubleE_PerUpper 1-sigma uncertainty in perioddstat.error;stat.maxdoubleeEccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloate_KLower 1-sigma uncertainty in RV semi-amplitudem/sstat.errorfloatE_KUpper 1-sigma uncertainty in RV semi-amplitudem/sstat.error;stat.maxfloate_omegaLower 1-sigma uncertainty in argument of periastrondegstat.errorfloatE_omegaUpper 1-sigma uncertainty in argument of periastrondegstat.error;stat.maxfloatT0Time of periastron passage (BJD-2460000)dsrc.orbital.periastrondoublee_T0Lower 1-sigma uncertainty in time of periastron passage (BJD-2460000)dstat.errordoubleE_T0Upper 1-sigma uncertainty in time of periastron passage (BJD-2460000)dstat.error;stat.maxdoubleMsiniMass, Msin(i)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloate_MsiniLower 1-sigma uncertainty in Msini(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errorfloatE_MsiniUpper 1-sigma uncertainty in Msini(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloatamajSemi-major axisAUphys.size.smajAxisdoublee_amajLower 1-sigma uncertainty in semi-major axisAUstat.errordoubleE_amajUpper 1-sigma uncertainty in semi-major axisAUstat.error;stat.maxdoubleJ/A+A/713/A78/tablee3Period and induced RV semi-amplitude of activity cycles, as derived in our analysis, with their uncertaintiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar Identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharPerPerioddtime.periodfloate_PerLower 1-sigma uncertainty in perioddstat.errorfloatE_PerUpper 1-sigma uncertainty in perioddstat.error;stat.maxfloatKRV semi-amplitudem/sphys.veloc;src.orbitalfloate_KLower 1-sigma uncertainty in RV semi-amplitudem/sstat.errorfloatE_KUpper 1-sigma uncertainty in RV semi-amplitudem/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatJ/A+A/713/A78/tablee4First and second order polynomial coefficients, as derived in our analysis, with their uncertaintiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar Identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharlinearFirst order coefficientm.s**-1.d**-1stat.fit.paramdoublee_linearLower 1-sigma uncertainty in first order coefficientm.s**-1.d**-1stat.error;pos.distance;phys.sizedoubleE_linearUpper 1-sigma uncertainty in first order coefficientm.s**-1.d**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublequadraticSecond order coefficientm.s**-1.d**-2stat.fit.paramdoublee_quadraticLower 1-sigma uncertainty in second order coefficientm.s**-1.d**-2stat.errordoubleE_quadraticUpper 1-sigma uncertainty in second order coefficientm.s**-1.d**-2stat.error;stat.maxdoubleJ/A+A/713/A78/tablee5Number of data points used for each system, and from each spectrographrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar Identifier (1)meta.id;meta.maincharHIRESNumber of HIRES spectrameta.numberintHARPSNumber of HARPS spectrameta.numberintHARPNNumber of HARPS-N spectrameta.numberintHAMILTONNumber of HAMILTON spectrameta.numberintAPFNumber of APF spectrameta.numberintELODIENumber of ELODIE spectrameta.numberintSOPHIENumber of SOPHIE spectrameta.numberintHETNumber of HET spectrameta.numberintPFSNumber of PFS spectrameta.numberintESPRESSONumber of ESPRESSO spectrameta.numberintUCLESNumber of UCLES spectrameta.numberintMIKENumber of MIKE spectrameta.numberintCORALIENumber of CORALIE spectrameta.numberintHJSNumber of HJS spectrameta.numberintTULLNumber of TULL spectrameta.numberintMINERVANumber of MINERVA spectrameta.numberintHJSTNumber of HJST spectrameta.numberintSARGNumber of SARG spectrameta.numberintHDSNumber of HDS spectrameta.numberintTOT[18/29128] Total number of spectrameta.numberint