J/A+A/713/A310ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/713/A310CDSGu C.-R.Zhu Z.-K.Lu Z.-J.Fang M.Yang L.He C.-Y.2026-09-25T08:44:33Z2026-09-25T09:43:57ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmolecular-cloudsyoung-stellar-objectsstellar-distancevisible-astronomyRecent studies have increasingly linked star formation in the solar neighbourhood to the expansion of the Local Bubble. The Per-Tau Shell (PTS), a vast 3D dust structure hosting the Perseus and Taurus clouds on its surface, is a candidate for such triggered formation. While the Local Bubble primarily drives star formation in Taurus, Perseus is kinematically distinct from this flow. Consequently, the dynamical influence of the PTS on the Perseus cloud remains an open question. We aim to reconstruct the star formation history of the Perseus molecular cloud and investigate its potential link to the historical expansion of the Per-Tau Shell (PTS). We aim to reconstruct the star formation history of the Perseus molecular cloud and investigate its potential link to the historical expansion of the PTS. We performed a 6D phase-space analysis of 406 young stellar objects (YSOs) of Perseus. Our approach integrates Gaia DR3 kinematics with Bayesian age inference and a heteroscedastic likelihood framework to resolve radial gradients in YSO ages and intrinsic tangential velocity dispersions relative to the PTS centre. Additionally, we constructed a unified catalogue by integrating existing infrared-based classifications from the literature to examine the projected spatial segregation of different evolutionary stages and compared stellar 3D kinematics with molecular gas velocity fields to assess kinematic coherence. The YSOs exhibit coherent outward motions relative to the centre of the PTS, a negative age-distance gradient with younger populations at larger radii, and a radial decline in tangential velocity dispersions. Younger YSO classes also show a stronger directional concentration towards the PTS centre. Furthermore, both the coherent proper motions and the line-of-sight velocity gradients of these YSOs align with the gas velocity field, indicating large-scale kinematic coherence. The Perseus YSOs exhibit concordant kinematic and temporal signatures consistent with an expansion-driven origin. These results provide robust evidence for a layered, inside-out pattern of star formation, suggesting that the historical expansion of the PTS triggered a sequential progression of star birth and effectively shaped the star formation history of the Perseus complex.2026A&A...713A.310Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/713/A310CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/671/A1 : Cosmic DANCe of Perseus (Olivares+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/713/A310https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/713/A310http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/713/A310https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/713/A310https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/713/A310http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/713/A310GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/713/A310/tablec1 (Kinematic properties of 406 Perseus YSOs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A310/tablec1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A310/tablec1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A310/tablec1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true56.0505466978917630.147746967933950.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/713/A310/tablec2 (Infrared YSO classifications)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A310/tablec2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A310/tablec2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A310/tablec2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true51.3312530.573333333333330.0055555555555555565/215 384-386 6/853-855 857-859 880-881 884-886 1193-1196 1198-1199 1548 15681.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/713/A310?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/713/A310/tablec1Kinematic properties of 406 Perseus YSOsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroupKinematic group designation (1)meta.id;phys.atmol.configuration;pos.lgcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source identifiermeta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRSRight Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.maindPTS3D distance from the PTS centrepcpos.distancedoubledplxHeliocentric distance from parallaxpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricdoubleAVLine-of-sight visual extinctionmagphys.absorptiondoubleGmagGaia G-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VdoublemeanUICRS Cartesian velocity Ukm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xfloatmeanVICRS Cartesian velocity Vkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.yfloatmeanWICRS Cartesian velocity Wkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zfloatbmapAvExtinction from mapmagphys.absorptiondoublebmapaVlcExtinction from map (low-column)magphys.absorptiondoublee_dplxUncertainty in dplxpcstat.errordoublee_GmagUncertainty in Gmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublee_meanUUncertainty in meanUkm/sstat.errorfloate_meanVUncertainty in meanVkm/sstat.errorfloate_meanWUncertainty in meanWkm/sstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/713/A310/tablec2Infrared YSO classificationsRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource designationmeta.id;meta.maincharYSOTypeYSO evolutionary class (Flat, 0+I, II, III)src.classchar