J/A+A/713/A284ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/713/A284CDSPartik V.Taylor R.Minchin R.2026-09-23T07:42:20Z2026-09-23T08:29:18ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradio-galaxiesradial-velocityh-i-line-emissionphotometryvisible-astronomyGalaxy clusters are extreme environments where interactions with the hot intracluster medium drive rapid galaxy evolution. These processes can result in the formation of optically dark gas clouds, as was previously observed in Virgo and other clusters. We investigate the distribution and properties of neutral hydrogen (HI) in two large adjoining regions of the Virgo cluster to understand how the cluster environment influences galaxy transformation. Specifically, we examine the gas content of both star-forming and quiescent populations and search for evidence of gas-loss driven evolution. We have cataloged the 21cm HI Widefield Arecibo Virgo Extragalactic Survey (WAVES) South data using visual and automatic source extraction methods. By combining these results with an optically-selected sample, we compare the HI properties of WAVES South with the previously studied VC1 region. To probe gas reservoirs below the nominal detection limit, we perform a stacking analysis of radio spectra across the WAVES South, VC1 and VC2 footprints. Results. We detect 56 HI sources with a median rms noise of 0.8mJy, including 50 galaxies, two gas clouds (one being optically dark) and the ALFALFA Virgo 7 complex. Our results show a significantly lower detection fraction in WAVES South compared to VC1 region. Stacking showed no new HI detection at a 0.080mJy rms with a maximum of 157 stacked objects from WAVES South, VC1 and VC2. The lower HI detection fraction suggests that WAVES South is a more dynamically relaxed and evolved environment than the VC1 region. The presence of residual HI in a small subset of early-type galaxies supports a model of dwarf irregular to dwarf elliptical transformation via environmental stripping. Finally, we note a possible evolutionary link between optically dark clouds and the recently discovered 'blue blobs'.2026A&A...713A.284Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/713/A284CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/713/A284https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/713/A284http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/713/A284https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/713/A284https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/713/A284http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/713/A284GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/713/A284/tablea1 (Catalog of HI properties of the WCS objects)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A284/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A284/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A284/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true188.40820839.17748330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/713/A284/tablea2 (Optical properties of the WCS galaxies)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A284/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A284/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A284/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true188.41545839.17502780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/713/A284/tablea3 (Optically detected galaxies without HI)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A284/tablea3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A284/tablea3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/713/A284/tablea3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true183.65333339.68944440.0055555555555555565/6933-6935 6937 6940 6976 6/26367 26538 27727 27731 27745 27747 27756-27757 27764 27912https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/713/A284?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/A+A/713/A284/tablea1Catalog of HI properties of the WCS objectsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainVelHeliocentric Velocity of HI linekm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricinte_Velrms uncertainty on Vel (2)km/sstat.errorinte_RAJ2000? rms uncertainty on RA (1)sstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatnullableDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.maine_DEJ2000? rms uncertainty on DE (1)arcsecstat.error;pos.eq.decintnullableW50Maximun velocity width at 50% of the peak fluxkm/sspect.line.widthinte_W50rms uncertainty on W50 (2)km/sstat.errorintW20Maximun velocity width at 20% of the peak fluxkm/sspect.line.widthinte_W20rms uncertainty on W20 (2)km/sstat.errorintFtotTotal HI fluxJy.km/sphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzfloate_Ftotrms uncertainty on Flux (2)Jy.km/sstat.errorfloatrmsMedian noise levelmJy/beaminstr.det.noise;stat.medianfloatDistDistance of objectMpcpos.distanceintlog(MHI)Estimated HI masslog(solMass)phys.massdoubleS/NintIntegrated signal-to-noise ratiostat.snrdoubleOptindicates optical properties in table A2meta.ref.urlcharWCSSource name (WCS_NNN)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryJ/A+A/713/A284/tablea2Optical properties of the WCS galaxiesNotesFlags (1)meta.notecharONameOptical source name, when knownmeta.idcharRAJ2000Optical Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Optical Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainType[-3.0/20.0] Morphological type, using the system of the GOLDMine data basesrc.morph.typefloatCL[0/2] Confidence Level of the OC assignment (2)meta.code.qualintgmagApparent magnitude in the g bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_gmag? rms uncertainty of gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintimagApparent magnitude in the i bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_imag? rms uncertainty of imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableg-ig-i color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.IfloatMHIRatioHI-to-stellar mass ratiophys.mass;arith.ratiofloataSemi-major axis of the optical counterpartarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatHIDefEstimated HI deficiencyphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatGMAG[-19.43/-12.39] Absolute magnitude in the g bandmagphys.magAbsfloatIMAG[-20.29/-12.44] Absolute magnitude in the i bandmagphys.magAbsfloatMstarEstimated stellar masssolMassphys.massdoubleWCSSource name (WCS_NNN)meta.id;meta.maincharJ/A+A/713/A284/tablea3Optically detected galaxies without HISimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the galaxymeta.id;meta.maincharNotesFlags (1)meta.notecharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVhelHeliocentric spectroscopic velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricintDistDistance of galaxyMpcpos.distancefloatType[-3.0/16.0] Morphological type, using the system of the GOLDMine data basesrc.morph.typefloatgmagApparent magnitude in the g bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmag? Uncertainty of gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableimagApparent magnitude in the i bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_imag? Uncertainty of imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableg-ig-i color indexmagphot.colorfloate_g-i? Uncertainty of g-imagstat.errorfloatnullable