J/A+A/712/A60ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/712/A60CDSWach T.Linden T.Mitchell A.M.W.Spencer S.T.2026-08-04T08:08:46Z2026-08-04T09:07:13ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frpulsarsgamma-ray-astronomyPulsars and their environments represent a major class of Galactic gamma-ray sources. Their complex evolution, shaped by the interactions of the pulsar outflow with both the supernova remnant (SNR) and the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM), produces diverse morphological and spectral characteristics observable from radio to PeV energies. This work aims to collect and homogenize data from all major operating TeV observatories, presenting the first comprehensive catalogue of TeV gamma-ray properties of pulsar environments, and facilitating systematic studies of the evolution of PWNe and pulsar halos. The catalogue is created from information regarding all gamma-ray sources that have been classified as pulsar-associated sources in published results from H.E.S.S., MAGIC, VERITAS, HAWC, and LHAASO. For each source, the observed gamma-ray properties are cross-matched with pulsar properties from the ATNF catalogue and Fermi-LAT pulsar catalogue. This information is then used to predict the surface brightness for powerful pulsars around which no PWN has been detected yet. The final catalogue comprises all currently known TeV sources associated with pulsars, as seen by different instruments, spanning all evolutionary stages. The sample consists of 128 gamma-ray sources, connected to 66 different pulsars. It reflects that the TeV-detected population is dominated by young and energetic pulsars located near the Galactic plane, but includes a growing number of middle-aged systems detected as extended halos. Only a weak correlation is found between TeV luminosity and pulsar characteristic age, indicating that TeV evolution is driven by environmental and transport effects rather than by spin-down age alone. Additionally, 5 pulsars which should host a PWN detectable by CTAO are identified as prime targets for future observation to improve our understanding of properties inhibiting the formation of a TeV nebula. This publicly available catalogue provides a uniform foundation for future population studies and for constraining models of particle transport and energy losses in pulsar environments.2026A&A...712A..60Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/712/A60CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-tohttps://www.atnf.csiro.au/research/pulsar/psrcat : psrcat Hone pagehttps://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/12yr_catalog : Ferni Home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/712/A60https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/712/A60http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/712/A60https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/712/A60https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/712/A60http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/712/A60GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/712/A60/hawc (gamma-ray properties of the PWNe as observed by HAWC)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/hawc?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/hawc?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/hawc?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true59.8354.220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/712/A60/hess (gamma-ray properties of the PWNe as observed by H.E.S.S.)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/hess?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/hess?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/hess?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.6322.010.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/712/A60/km2a (gamma-ray properties of the PWNe as observed by LHAASO's KM2A)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/km2a?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/km2a?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/km2a?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.9173.070.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/712/A60/magic (gamma-ray properties of the PWNe as observed by MAGIC)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/magic?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/magic?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/magic?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true31.3864.850.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/712/A60/veritas (gamma-ray properties of the PWNe as observed by VERITAS)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/veritas?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/veritas?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/veritas?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.6172.980.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/712/A60/wcda (gamma-ray properties of the PWNe as observed by LHAASO's WCDA)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/wcda?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/wcda?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A60/wcda?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.4873.150.0055555555555555566/1791 2496 3157 3302 3681 3819 6787 12970 14270 14413 14428-14429 14454 14609 14619 14692 15641 22255 23830-23831 23855 23941 23952 23954-23955 24183 24185 24189 24354 28831 28919 29097 29100-29101 29114 29163 29471 29505 29523 29529 30218 30244 30258-30259 30314 30416 30595 30601 30619 30645 30716 30719 31898 33094 37343 37361 37924 38086 39235 41583 41654 41685 41743 41758 42171 42214 42225 42384 42438https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/712/A60?format=asciiGamma-rayRadiodefaultJ/A+A/712/A60/assocPulsars and their corresponding gamma-ray source identifiers by detectorrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharMoreindicates properties in other tablesmeta.ref.urlcharSeq[0/65] Sequential numbermeta.recordintJNAMEPulsar Identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryLHAASOLHAASO identifier of the source associated with the pulsarmeta.idcharHAWCHAWC identifier of the source associated with the pulsarmeta.idcharHESSH.E.S.S. identifier of the source associated with the pulsarmeta.idcharMAGICMAGIC identifier of the source associated with the pulsarmeta.idcharVERITASVERITAS identifier of the source associated with the pulsarmeta.idcharJ/A+A/712/A60/hawcgamma-ray properties of the PWNe as observed by HAWCTS? Test statisticstat.likelihood;obsdoublenullableSpectralModelSpectral model (PL/BPL/ECPL)meta.id;stat.fitcharGammaSpectral indexspect.indexfloate_GammaSpectral index errorstat.errorfloatbeta? Spectral curvaturestat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_beta? Spectral curvature errorstat.errorfloatnullableEcut? Cutoff energyTeVphys.energyfloatnullablePubReference publication / URLmeta.bibcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceNamegamma-ray source Identifiermeta.idcharJNAMEPulsar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSpatialModelSpatial model used (Point/Disk/Gauss)meta.id;stat.fitcharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_RAJ2000Right Ascension errordegstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maine_DEJ2000Declination errordegstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatr391-sigma containment radiusdegphys.angSizefloate_r39Radius errordegstat.errorfloatE0Reference energy of the spectral ModelTeVphys.energyfloate_Ecut? Cutoff energy errorTeVstat.errorfloatnullableCatalogueCatalogue from which the parameters were extractedmeta.idcharOffset? Pulsar-emission offsetpcpos.angDistancefloatnullablee_Offset? Offset errorpcstat.errorfloatnullableExt? Physical extensionpcphys.angSizefloatnullablee_Ext? Extension errorpcstat.errorfloatnullableLum? Gamma-ray luminosity1e-07Wphys.luminositydoublenullablee_Lum? Luminosity error1e-07Wstat.errordoublenullableSB? Surface brightness1e-07W.pc**-2phot.mag.sbdoublenullablee_SB? Surface brightness error1e-07W.pc**-2stat.errordoublenullableJ/A+A/712/A60/hessgamma-ray properties of the PWNe as observed by H.E.S.S.CatalogueCatalogue from which the parameters were extractedmeta.idcharPubReference publication / URLmeta.bibcharOffset? Pulsar emission offsetpcpos.angDistancefloatnullablee_Offset? Offset errorpcstat.errorfloatnullableExt? Physical extensionpcphys.angSizefloatnullablee_Ext? Extension errorpcstat.errorfloatnullableLum? Gamma-ray luminosity1e-07Wphys.luminositydoublenullablee_Lum? Luminosity error1e-07Wstat.errordoublenullableSB? Surface brightness1e-07W.pc**-2phot.mag.sbdoublenullablee_SB? Surface brightness error1e-07W.pc**-2stat.errordoublenullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceNamegamma-ray source Identifiermeta.idcharJNAMEPulsar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSpatialModelSpatial model used (Point/Disk/Gauss)meta.id;stat.fitcharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_RAJ2000Right Ascension errordegstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maine_DEJ2000Declination errordegstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatr391-sigma containment radiusdegphys.angSizefloate_r39Radius errordegstat.errorfloate? Eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatnullablee_e? Eccentricity errorstat.errorfloatnullablephi? Position angledegpos.posAngfloatnullablee_phi? Position angle errordegstat.errorfloatnullableE0Reference energy of the spectral ModelTeVphys.energyfloatTS? Test statisticstat.likelihood;obsfloatnullableSpectralModelSpectral model (PL/BPL/ECPL)meta.id;stat.fitcharGammaSpectral indexspect.indexfloate_GammaSpectral index errorstat.errorfloatbeta? Spectral curvaturestat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_beta? Spectral curvature errorstat.errorfloatnullableEcut? Cutoff energyTeVphys.energyfloatnullablee_Ecut? Cutoff energy errorTeVstat.errorfloatnullableJ/A+A/712/A60/km2agamma-ray properties of the PWNe as observed by LHAASO's KM2ArecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceNamegamma-ray source Identifiermeta.idcharJNAMEPulsar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSpatialModelSpatial model used (Point/Disk/Gauss)meta.id;stat.fitcharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_RAJ2000Right Ascension Errordegstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maine_DEJ2000Declination Errordegstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatr391-sigma containment radiusdegphys.angSizefloate_r39Radius Errordegstat.errorfloatE0Reference energy of spectral modelTeVphys.energyfloatTSTest statisticstat.likelihood;obsfloatSpectralModelSpectral model (PL/BPL/ECPL)meta.id;stat.fitcharGammaSpectral indexspect.indexfloate_GammaSpectral index errorstat.errorfloatCatalogueCatalogue sourcemeta.id;meta.datasetcharPubReference publication / URLmeta.bibcharOffset? Pulsar-emission offsetpcpos.angDistancefloatnullablee_Offset? Offset errorpcstat.errorfloatnullableExt? Physical extensionpcphys.angSizefloatnullablee_Ext? Extension errorpcstat.errorfloatnullableLum? Gamma-ray luminosity (single-instrument)1e-07Wphys.luminositydoublenullablee_Lum? Luminosity error1e-07Wstat.errordoublenullableSB? Surface brightness (single-instrument)1e-07W.pc**-2phot.mag.sbdoublenullablee_SB? Surface brightness error1e-07W.pc**-2stat.errordoublenullableIndexadapt? Spectral index (combined WCDA+KM2A)spect.indexfloatnullablee_Indexadapt? Spectral index errorstat.errorfloatnullableLumadapt? Gamma-ray luminosity (combined fit)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.gammadoublenullablee_Lumadapt? Luminosity error1e-07Wstat.errordoublenullableSBadapt? Surface brightness (combined fit)1e-07W.pc**-2phot.mag.sbdoublenullablee_SBadapt? Brightness error1e-07W.pc**-2stat.errordoublenullableJ/A+A/712/A60/magicgamma-ray properties of the PWNe as observed by MAGICphi? Position angledegpos.posAngfloatnullablee_phi? Position angle errordegstat.errorfloatnullableE0Reference energy of the spectral ModelTeVphys.energyfloatTS? Test statisticstat.likelihood;obsfloatnullableSpectralModelSpectral model (PL/BPL/ECPL)meta.id;stat.fitcharGammaSpectral indexspect.indexfloate_GammaSpectral index errorstat.errorfloatbeta? Spectral curvaturestat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_beta? Spectral curvature errorstat.errorfloatnullableCatalogueCatalogue from which the parameters were extractedmeta.idcharPubReference publication / URLmeta.bibcharOffsetPulsar-emission offsetpcpos.angDistancefloate_OffsetOffset errorpcstat.errorfloatExtPhysical extensionpcphys.angSizefloate_ExtExtension errorpcstat.errorfloatLumGamma-ray luminosity1e-07Wphys.luminositydoublee_LumLuminosity error1e-07Wstat.errordoubleSBSurface brightness1e-07W.pc**-2phot.mag.sbdoublee_SBSurface brightness error1e-07W.pc**-2stat.errordoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceNamegamma-ray source Identifiermeta.idcharJNAMEPulsar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSpatialModelSpatial model used (Point/Disk/Gauss)meta.id;stat.fitcharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_RAJ2000Right Ascension errordegstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maine_DEJ2000Declination errordegstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatr391-sigma containment radiusdegphys.angSizefloate_r39Radius errordegstat.errorfloate? Eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatnullablee_e? Eccentricity errorstat.errorfloatnullableJ/A+A/712/A60/veritasgamma-ray properties of the PWNe as observed by VERITASrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintE0Reference energy of the spectral ModelTeVphys.energyfloatTS? Test statisticstat.likelihood;obsfloatnullableSpectralModelSpectral model (PL/BPL/ECPL)meta.id;stat.fitcharGammaSpectral indexspect.indexfloate_GammaSpectral index errorstat.errorfloatSourceNamegamma-ray source Identifiermeta.idcharJNAMEPulsar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSpatialModelSpatial model used (Point/Disk/Gauss)meta.id;stat.fitcharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_RAJ2000Right Ascension errordegstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maine_DEJ2000Declination errordegstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatr391-sigma containment radiusdegphys.angSizefloate_r39Radius errordegstat.errorfloate? Eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatnullablee_e? Eccentricity errorstat.errorfloatnullablephi? Position angledegpos.posAngfloatnullablebeta? Spectral curvaturestat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_beta? Spectral curvature errorstat.errorfloatnullableCatalogueCatalogue from which the parameters were extractedmeta.idcharPubReference publication / URLmeta.bibcharOffsetPulsar-emission offsetpcpos.angDistancefloate_OffsetOffset errorpcstat.errorfloatExtPhysical extensionpcphys.angSizefloate_ExtExtension errorpcstat.errorfloatLumGamma-ray luminosity1e-07Wphys.luminositydoublee_Lum? Luminosity error1e-07Wstat.errordoublenullableSB? Surface brightness1e-07W.pc**-2phot.mag.sbdoublenullablee_SB? Surface brightness error1e-07W.pc**-2stat.errordoublenullableJ/A+A/712/A60/wcdagamma-ray properties of the PWNe as observed by LHAASO's WCDAe_Lumadapt? Luminosity error1e-07Wstat.errordoublenullableSBadapt? Surface brightness (combined fit)1e-07W.pc**-2phot.mag.sbdoublenullablee_SBadapt? Brightness error1e-07W.pc**-2stat.errordoublenullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceNamegamma-ray source Identifiermeta.idcharJNAMEPulsar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSpatialModelSpatial model used (Point/Disk/Gauss)meta.id;stat.fitcharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_RAJ2000? Right Ascension errordegstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatnullableDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maine_DEJ2000? Declination errordegstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatnullabler391-sigma containment radiusdegphys.angSizefloate_r39Radius errordegstat.errorfloatE0Reference energy of spectral modelTeVphys.energyfloatTS? Test statisticstat.likelihood;obsfloatnullableSpectralModelSpectral model (PL/BPL/ECPL)meta.id;stat.fitcharGamma? Spectral indexspect.indexfloatnullablee_Gamma? Spectral index errorstat.errorfloatnullableCatalogueCatalogue sourcemeta.id;meta.datasetcharPubReference publication / URLmeta.bibcharOffset? Pulsar-emission offsetpcpos.angDistancefloatnullablee_Offset? Offset errorpcstat.errorfloatnullableExt? Physical extensionpcphys.angSizefloatnullablee_Ext? Extension errorpcstat.errorfloatnullableLum? Gamma-ray luminosity (single-instrument)1e-07Wphys.luminositydoublenullablee_Lum? Luminosity error1e-07Wstat.errordoublenullableSB? Surface brightness (single-instrument)1e-07W.pc**-2phot.mag.sbdoublenullablee_SB? Surface brightness error1e-07W.pc**-2stat.errordoublenullableIndexadapt? Spectral index (combined WCDA+KM2A)spect.indexfloatnullablee_Indexadapt? Spectral index errorstat.errorfloatnullableLumadapt? Gamma-ray luminosity (combined fit)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.gammadoublenullable