J/A+A/712/A226ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/712/A226CDSBozic H.Harmanec P.Broz M.Oplistilova A.Koubsky P.Hadrava P.,Ruzdjak D.Sudar D.Wolf M.Zasche P.Honsa J.Zdarsky F.Harmanec A.,Jonak J.Piantschitsch I.Skokic I.Svrckova J.Vitovsky K.Vrsnak D.,Zummer M.2026-08-27T08:25:43Z2026-08-25T09:17:14ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frearly-type-starsvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryEmission-line stars classified as Be exhibit light and colour variability on various timescales, ranging from days to decades. Their evolution must be constrained by long-term observations that are accurately calibrated and stable. Here, we provide a new reduction of photoelectric UBV observations obtained at the Hvar observatory, spanning more than 50 years (1972-2025). This unique dataset is highly complementary to the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, which has been conducting observations since 2018, not only in terms of the time baseline, but also in providing fundamental constraints in the U and B bands. We used new, non-linear reduction equations, with temporally variable extinction over the course of the night, which allowed us to achieve long-term accuracy of 0.008-0.016mag (1-{sigma} uncertainty), as verified by the Johnson standards. We then classified 59 Be stars into five classes, based on their variability patterns; namely, long-term envelope (LTE), long-term cyclic (LTC), binarity (BIN), rapid low-amplitude (RLA), and long-term quiescence (LTQ). According to our observations, the percentages of stars in the individual classes are 44%, 24%, 25%, 66%, and 19%, respectively. We note that stars in the sample often exhibited more than one pattern. At certain times, changes in the U and B bands were markedly different from those in V (e.g. for BU Tau, V744 Her, V923 Aql, and V1294 Aql). We confirm that the LTE-positive variability is more common than the inverse (20 vs 6); in addition, two stars exhibited both types ({zeta} Tau and V1294 Aql). According to our observations, the LTC variability and the LTE-positive variability are almost mutually exclusive. Among 26 binary systems with previously known orbital solutions, circular orbits are more common than eccentric ones (18 vs 8). As for the brightness variations between different quiescent phases, an increasing trend is less common than a decreasing one (4 vs 7); spanning from -6.5 to +6.0mmag/yr. Our observations provide well-calibrated UBV light curves spanning several decades, offering a valuable dataset for investigations of Be-star variability and tests of various models, including the viscous decretion disc model. Continuous monitoring is important for the most interesting objects, namely, {beta} Lyr, EW Lac, {delta} Sco, {gamma} Cas, and V1294 Aql.2026A&A...712A.226Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/712/A226CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/712/A226https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/712/A226http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/712/A226https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/712/A226https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/712/A226http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/712/A226GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/712/A226/stars (List of studied stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.610541764.19613890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/712/A226/tablea4 (Mean values for primary Johnson standards (corrected version, 27-Aug-2026))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/tablea4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/tablea4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/tablea4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true31.793357223.46241750.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/712/A226/tablea5 (Mean values for secondary Johnson standards (corrected version, 27-Aug-2026))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/tablea5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/tablea5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/tablea5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true37.03982118.46006030.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/712/A226/tablea6 (UBV magnitudes of comparison, check and red stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/tablea6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/tablea6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/tablea6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true6.197939461.83105780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/712/A226/tablea7 (UBV magnitudes of comparison, check and red stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/tablea7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/tablea7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/712/A226/tablea7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.290659445.22903080.0055555555555555566/89 116 137 161 377 405 463 472 474-475 496 684 737 887 890 892 975 1011 1209 1297 1299 1337 1341 1384-1385 1436 1438 1441 1454 1457 1460 1504 1535 1539 1559 1577 1584 1586 1610 1696 1708 1748 1759 1769-1770 1779 1784 1829 1885 1989 2017 2467 2472 2543 2664 2747 2774-2775 2812 2828 2833 2837 2849 2851 2856 2884 2977 3004 3026 3030 3044 3058 3060 3066-3067 3098 3112 3136 3138 3242 3251 3258 3499 3586 3594 3597 3608 3614 3632 3777 3819 3841 3844 3882 3986 3993 4018 4022 4028-4029 4079 4095 4181 4698 5311 5423 5428 5498 5501 5503 5509 5569 5631 5726 6777-6778 6780 6807 6852 6947 7181 7205 7286 7291-7292 7384 8133 8671 8690 9054 9057 9081 9093 9310 9476 9504 9686 9702 9716-9717 9759 9835-9836 9847 9849 9926 9936 10101 10375 10731 11092 11099 11193 11657 11659 11788 11837 11959 11963 11970 12024 12030 12255 12720 12960 12971-12972 12988 12991 13017 13025 13040 13042-13043 13048-13049 13052 13116-13117 13231 13258 13268 13277 13281 13284 13557 13559 13655 13674 13682 13687-13688 13701 13703 13721 13723 13729 13733 13746 13749 13752 13757 13769-13770 13780 13882 13945 13947 13953 14044 14055 14075 14082 14084 14108-14109 14114 14125-14126 14144 14146 14152 14167 14209 14220 14224 14230 14278 14305 14319 14336 14346 14396 14415 14436 14459 14520 14522 14545 14549 14557 14615 14622 14630-14631 14638 14641 14645-14646 14662 14672 14687 14726 14852 14855 14858 15167 15193 15198 15244 15249-15250 15257 15365 15368 15371-15372 15374-15375 15382-15383 15385 15392-15393 15396 15426 15431 15442 15479 15524-15525 15535 15539 15541 15560-15561 15567-15568 15577 15583 15585 15597 15657 15662 15768 15778 15801 15804 15850 17194 18018 18304 18688 19237 19879 20012 20402 20893 21139 21432 21447 21456 21462 21467 21469 21620 21643 21788 21879 21893 21939 21941 22015 22054 22058 22071 22112 22114 22214 22249 22254 22334 22368 22370 22420 22472 22503 22511-22512 22615 22645 22708 22798 22854 22859 22898 22900 22904 22907 22910-22911 23360 23369 23426 23463 23485 23581 23624 23631 23646 23717 24132 24142 24151 24178-24179 24183 24191 24480 25182 25199 26120 26254 27322 27448 27574 27578 28233 28664 28670 29024 29040 29052 29069 29089 29536 29538 29541 29717 29729 29732-29733 29893 30029 30376 30440 30442 30464 30471 30476-30477 30529 30567 30627 30655 30722 30790 30818 30914 30970 31061 31121 31149 31475 31759 31776 31784 31787 31794-31795 31808 31812 31842 31929 31987 32117 32170 32172 32174 32219 32227 32232 32610 36651 36850 40573 40599 42994 44360 44366 44372 44378 44386 44485 44903 48534 48576 48767 48831 48900 490493.322582951404819e-19 6.118840631666147e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/712/A226?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/712/A226/starsList of studied starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Simbad right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Simbad declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainLCShow the light curvesmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/712/A226/tablea3Archive of all UBV observations of 106 starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharHJDHeliocentric Julian date (HJD-2400000)dtime.epochdoubleindexedwWeightstat.weight;phys.atmol.weightfloatVmagV magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatBmagB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatUmagU magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.UfloatB-VB-V indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatU-BU-B indexmagphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.BfloatXAirmassobs.airMassfloatdXAirmass incrementobs.airMassfloatHDHD number of comparison starmeta.idintStatus[1] Statusmeta.codeintObserversList of observers (abbreviated)meta.codecharJ/A+A/712/A226/tablea4Mean values for primary Johnson standards (corrected version, 27-Aug-2026)SimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharHDHD numbermeta.idintVmagV magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_VmagV magnitude rmsmagstat.error;phot.magfloato_VmagV magnitude number of observationsmeta.numberintB-VB-V indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloate_B-VB-V index rmsmagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.Bfloato_B-VB-V index number of observationsmeta.numberintU-BU-B indexmagphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloate_U-BU-B index rmsmagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.Ufloato_U-BU-B index number of observationsmeta.numberintV-RV-R indexmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Rfloate_V-RV-R index rmsmagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.Vfloato_V-RV-R index number of observationsmeta.numberint_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/712/A226/tablea5Mean values for secondary Johnson standards (corrected version, 27-Aug-2026)o_U-BU-B index number of observationsmeta.numberintV-RV-R indexmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Rfloate_V-RV-R index rmsmagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.Vfloato_V-RV-R index number of observationsmeta.numberintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharHDHD numbermeta.idintVmagV magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_VmagV magnitude rmsmagstat.error;phot.magfloato_VmagV magnitude number of observationsmeta.numberintB-VB-V indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloate_B-VB-V index rmsmagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.Bfloato_B-VB-V index number of observationsmeta.numberintU-BU-B indexmagphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloate_U-BU-B index rmsmagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.UfloatJ/A+A/712/A226/tablea6UBV magnitudes of comparison, check and red starsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharHD/BD? HD or BD numbermeta.idintnullableJDminBeginning of observations (JD-2400000)dtime.epochfloatJDmaxEnd of observations (JD-2400000)dtime.epochfloatNNumber of observationsmeta.numberintVmagV magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_VmagV magnitude rmsmagstat.error;phot.magfloatBmagB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_BmagB magnitude rmsmagstat.error;phot.magfloatUmagU magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloate_UmagU magnitude rmsmagstat.error;phot.magfloatB-VB-V indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatU-BU-B indexmagphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/712/A226/tablea7UBV magnitudes of comparison, check and red starsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharHD/BD? HD or BD numbermeta.idintnullableJDminBeginning of observations (JD-2400000)dtime.epochfloatJDmaxEnd of observations (JD-2400000)dtime.epochfloatNNumber of observationsmeta.numberintVmagV magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_VmagV magnitude rmsmagstat.error;phot.magfloatBmagB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_BmagB magnitude rmsmagstat.error;phot.magfloatUmagU magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloate_UmagU magnitude rmsmagstat.error;phot.magfloatB-VB-V indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatU-BU-B indexmagphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main