J/A+A/710/A366ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/710/A366CDSLiu S.Li R.Jia J.Li H.Chen L.Cao X.He Z.Busillo V.,Napolitano N.N.Tortora C.Zhong F.Su H.Feng H.Dong Y.Li R.,Gao L.2026-06-29T14:59:11Z2026-06-29T15:58:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgravitational-lensinggalaxiesvisible-astronomyMany lensing images are often obscured by foreground light from the central galaxies, making them challenging to detect. To address the limitations of previous lens search efforts, particularly for samples with smaller RE or faint lensed images, we developed a composite CNN framework that utilizes both U-Net and ResNet architectures for feature extraction and classification. We propose a hybrid search method that combines U-Net and ResNet architectures to enhance the detection of the foreground galaxy-obscured lenses. Our approach consists of two main stages: first, the U-Net model separates the foreground galaxy light from potential lensing signals, creating residual images that highlight the lensing features. Next, the ResNet module performs binary classification on these residual images to determine the presence of lensing signals. We evaluated the hybrid search method with real observational data to demonstrate its effectiveness, achieving a recall of 71.5% and a 4.5% false positive rate at a confidence threshold of 0.6. By applying this method to over 638398 galaxy samples from the Kilo-Degree Survey Data Release 4 and conducting thorough inspections, we identified 88 Class A, 322 Class B, and 1758 Class C candidates. This hybrid approach significantly enhances the completeness of existing strong gravitational lensing searches and shows great potential for improving future astronomical surveys.2026A&A...710A.366Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/710/A366CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/383 : The ESO KiDS-DR5 multi-band source catalog (Wright+ 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/710/A366https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/710/A366http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/710/A366https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/710/A366https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/710/A366http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/710/A366GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/710/A366/cand (Canditates and match catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A366/cand?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A366/cand?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A366/cand?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true46.97502194-35.411963060.0055555555555555565/1026 2050 4103 4108-4109 4114-4116 4119-4122 4128 4130-4131 4136 4139 4144 4224 5459-5461 5463 6399 6491 6500-6501 6503 6505 6514 6565 6568 6571-6572 6578 6592 6594 6741 6744 6746-6747 6750 6758-6759 6764 6768 6770 6819 6824-6825 6827 6913 7851-7852 8827-8829 8891-8892 8894 8908 8910 8916 8918 8922 8930 8932-8933 8936 8938 8967 8972 8974 8976-8977 8979 8984-8985 8989 8994-8995 8998-8999 9001 9008 9088 11643 11647 11719 11726 11728-11730 11733 11735 11738-11739 11744-11745 11749 6/4097-4101 4103 4108 4112 8193-8196 8224 16407 16409 16411 16421-16423 16425 16427-16428 16430-16431 16441-16445 16450-16451 16453-16455 16469 16471-16472 16474 16492-16494 16496 16499-16500 16504 16517-16518 16529-16532 16535-16536 16538-16539 16541-16542 16548-16549 16551-16553 16555 16561-16562 16568 16570 16580 16584 16642 16644 16900-16901 21848-21849 21851 21861 21873-21876 21878-21879 21884 25583 25589-25591 25593-25595 25823 25843 25845-25846 25848-25849 25852-25853 25855 25887 25907 25909 25911-25912 25915-25918 25924 25926 25930-25931 25933-25934 25938-25939 25942-25944 25946 25949-25951 25953 25955 25959-25962 25969-25972 25974-25978 25989-25990 25992 25995 25997-25999 26008-26010 26016 26018-26019 26026-26027 26029-26030 26032 26034 26036-26037 26039-26040 26048 26050-26052 26054-26055 26060 26174-26175 26191 26193-26194 26197-26201 26203-26206 26209 26211-26213 26215-26216 26218-26220 26222-26224 26226 26228-26229 26231-26232 26234 26243-26244 26246-26250 26252 26254 26257 26265-26269 26271 26276-26278 26280-26281 26283 26293-26294 26296 26298 26300 26308 26310-26311 26316 26336 26374 26400 26868-26869 26871 26876-26877 26879 26931-26933 26935-26937 26939-26940 26942-26943 26947 26949-26950 26954 26956 26960 26962 26968 26972 26974-26975 26982 26992 26994-26995 26997 27015-27016 27018 27020-27021 27023 27031 27041 27043-27044 27046-27048 27051 27053-27055 27062 27064 27066-27067 27076-27078 27084 27256 27258-27259 27304-27305 27307 27312-27314 27318-27320 27322-27324 27392-27393 27395 27397 27404 27408 27648-27650 27656-27658 27660 27680 31292-31293 31338 31371 31375-31378 31380-31381 31383-31384 31387 31392 31394-31396 31398 31402-31403 31414 31416 31418 31424 31426 34537 34539 34542 35294-35295 35320-35322 35324-35325 35327 35543 35547 35550-35551 35573-35575 35581-35583 35613-35615 35623 35627 35629 35631 35636 35645-35646 35652-35653 35661 35663 35668 35670 35677-35680 35682-35683 35685-35687 35692-35694 35701 35713 35715-35716 35718-35719 35725-35726 35736-35737 35739-35740 35742-35743 35748-35750 35756 35758-35759 35761-35764 35768 35777-35779 35784 35786 35862 35865 35867 35877-35878 35884 35886-35887 35892 35894-35895 35900-35901 35903 35914-35915 35929-35930 35932 35934-35935 35944-35946 35948 35950-35953 35955 35961 35970-35971 35974-35975 35984-35986 35988 35990-35991 36000 36002-36003 36008 36010-36011 36013 36015-36017 36019-36020 36024 36026 36039 36041 36360 40951 40955 40957-40959 45049-45054 46549-46551 46555 46557 46559 46566-46567 46569-46571 46578 46580 46582-46584 46586 46807 46869-46871 46885-46887 46891-46893 46895-46896 46898 46900 46902 46909-46911 46924-46926 46929-46930 46938 46945 46947 46950-46951 46960-46961 46984 46988 46990 46992-46994 47000 47002-47004 47007 47009 47013-47015 47021 47025-47026 47028-47030 47040-47042 47044 47048-47049https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/710/A366?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/710/A366/candCanditates and match catalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKIDS-TILEKiDS tile identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainProb[0/1] Detection probabilitystat.probabilitydoubleClass[ABC] Classmeta.code.classchar