J/A+A/710/A364ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/710/A364CDSIto K.Valentino F.Brammer G.Hamadouche M.L.Whitaker K.E.,Kokorev V.Zhu P.Kakimoto T.Wu P.-F.Antwi-Danso J.Baker W.M.,Ceverino D.Faisst A.L.Farcy M.Fujimoto S.Gallazzi A.Gillman S.,Gottumukkala R.Heintz K.E.Hirschmann M.Jespersen C.K.Kubo M.,Lee M.Magdis G.Onodera M.Shimakawa R.Tanaka M.Toft S.Weaver J.R.2026-06-29T14:57:51Z2026-06-29T15:56:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiescatalogsinfrared-sourcesspectroscopyredshiftedWe present the DeepDive program, in which we obtained deep (1-3 hours) JWST/NIRSpec G235M/F170LP spectra for ten primary massive (log(Mstar/Msun)=10.8-11.5) quiescent galaxies at z~3-4. A novel reduction procedure was used to extend the nominal wavelength coverage of G235M beyond Halpha and [NII] at z~4, revealing weak, narrow Halpha lines indicative of low star formation rates (SFR~ 0-5 Msun yr-1). Two out of ten primary targets have broad Halpha lines, indicating the presence of active galactic nuclei. We also conducted an archival search of quiescent galaxies observed with NIRSpec gratings in the DAWN JWST Archive, which provides a statistical context for interpreting the DeepDive targets. This archival search provided a spectroscopic sample of 126 quiescent galaxies spanning 1<z<5, selected by high Dn4000, UVJ color, or low specific star formation rate (more than one dex lower than that of the star formation main sequence), and covering more than an order of magnitude in stellar mass. This sample allowed us to revisit the sample from the different selections, finding ~90% overlap between these criteria. The total sample of 136 quiescent galaxies constructed in this study shows that those at z~3-5, including the DeepDive targets, typically exhibit weaker 4000AA breaks and bluer colors than their lower-redshift counterparts, indicating generally younger stellar populations. Stacked spectra of sources grouped by the Dn4000 index reveal faint iron and magnesium absorption line features in the stellar continuum even for the low Dn4000 (Dn4000<1.35) subsample at high redshift (z~3). In addition, higher Dn4000 subsamples show fainter nebular emission lines. These results demonstrate that medium-resolution NIRSpec spectroscopy is essential for robustly characterizing the diversity and evolution of early quiescent galaxies. The large sample constructed in this paper will allow a statistical census of the properties of quiescent galaxies at high redshift to be obtained. All photometric and spectroscopic data from this study have been made publicly available.2026A&A...710A.364Ihttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/710/A364CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/710/A364https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/710/A364http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/710/A364https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/710/A364https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/710/A364http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/710/A364GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/710/A364/psfmatch (*Properties of quiescent galaxies observed in DeepDive, based on the photometry obtained from the PSF-matched images (table 1))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A364/psfmatch?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A364/psfmatch?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A364/psfmatch?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true34.39967611-5.136348060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/710/A364/sepphot (*Properties of quiescent galaxies observed in DeepDive, based on the photometry obtained from the native images with SEP (table 1))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A364/sepphot?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A364/sepphot?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A364/sepphot?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true34.39967611-5.136348060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/710/A364/archives (*Properties of quiescent galaxies selected in the archival search with Dawn JWST Archive (table F1))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A364/archives?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A364/archives?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A364/archives?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true214.9155461152.949018060.0055555555555555566/5484 11252 11425 17677 17679 17688 17690 17692 27247 27258-27259 35935https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/710/A364?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/710/A364/psfmatch*Properties of quiescent galaxies observed in DeepDive, based on the photometry obtained from the PSF-matched images (table 1)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIdObject identifier (id)meta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (ra)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (dec)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzSpectroscopic redshift from msaexp (z)src.redshiftdoublewminMinimum wavelength of the NIRSpec spectrum (wmin)umem.wl;stat.minfloatwmaxMaximum wavelength of the NIRSpec spectrum (wmax)umem.wl;stat.maxfloatsn50optMedian signal-to-noise ratio per pixel at 0.4um <lambda_rest_<0.5um (sn50_opt)stat.snr;em.wl.centraldoubleField[0/4] Survey field identifier (field) (1)meta.codeintMain[0/1] Flag: 1 = main target of DeepDive (main)meta.codeintPhot[1] Flag: 1 = photometry exists (photometry)meta.codeintDn4000QG[-1/1] Flag: 1 = classified as quiescent galaxy (QG) based on Dn4000; -1 = Dn4000 not available (Dn4000QG)meta.codeintUVJQGez[0/1] Flag: 1 = classified as QG based on UVJ diagram (eazy-py) (UVJQG_ez)meta.codeintsSFRQGbg[0/1] Flag: 1 = classified as QG based on specific SFR (Bagpipes) (sSFRQG_bg)meta.codeintMstelbgStellar mass from photometric SED fitting with Bagpipes (stellar_mass_bg)solMassphys.massdoublee_MstelbgError of stellar_mass_bg (stellar_mass_bg)solMassstat.errordoubleSFRbgStar formation rate from photometric SED fitting with Bagpipes (SFR_bg)solMass/yrphys.SFRdoublee_SFRbgError of SFR_bg (SFR_bg)solMass/yrstat.errordoubleAVbgDust attenuation Av from photometric SED fitting with Bagpipes (Av_bg)magphys.absorptiondoublee_AVbgError of Av_bg (Av_bg)magstat.errordoubleMstelezStellar mass from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (stellar_mass_ez)solMassphys.massdoublee_MstelezError of stellar_mass_ez (stellar_mass_ez)solMassstat.errordoublerestUezRest-frame U-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restU_ez)uJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Udoublee_restUezError of restU_ez (restU_ez)uJystat.errordoublerestVezRest-frame V-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restV_ez)uJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Vdoublee_restVezError of restV_ez (restV_ez)uJystat.errordoublerestJezRest-frame J-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restJ_ez)uJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Jdoublee_restJezError of restJ_ez (restJ_ez)uJystat.errordoublerestNUVezRest-frame NUV-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restNUV_ez)uJyphot.flux;em.UVdoublee_restNUVezError of restNUV_ez (restNUV_ez)uJystat.errordoublerestBezRest-frame B-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restB_ez)uJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Bdoublee_restBezError of restB_ez (restB_ez)uJystat.errordoubleDn4000? Dn4000 index measured from NIRSpec spectrum; -1 if not available (Dn4000)spect.indexdoublenullablee_Dn4000? Error of Dn4000; -1 if not available (Dn4000)stat.errordoublenullableNfiltcorr[0/18] Number of filters used for flux correction (Nfilter_fcorr)meta.numberintXrayDet[-1/1] X-ray detection flag (Xray_detection) (2)meta.codeintL2-10keV? Rest-frame 2-10keV luminosity from Chandra; -1 if not detected or no Chandra coverage (L2-10keV)0.1uWphys.luminosity;em.X-raydoublenullableJ/A+A/710/A364/sepphot*Properties of quiescent galaxies observed in DeepDive, based on the photometry obtained from the native images with SEP (table 1)IdObject identifier (id)meta.id;meta.mainintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (ra)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (dec)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzSpectroscopic redshift from msaexp (z)src.redshiftdoublewminMinimum wavelength of the NIRSpec spectrum (wmin)umem.wl;stat.minfloatwmaxMaximum wavelength of the NIRSpec spectrum (wmax)umem.wl;stat.maxfloatsn50optMedian signal-to-noise ratio per pixel at 0.4um <lambda_rest_<0.5um (sn50_opt)stat.snr;em.wl.centraldoubleField[0/4] Survey field identifier (field) (1)meta.codeintMain[0/1] Flag: 1 = main target of DeepDive (main)meta.codeintPhot[1] Flag: 1 = photometry exists (photometry)meta.codeintDn4000QG[-1/1] Flag: 1 = classified as quiescent galaxy (QG) based on Dn4000; -1 = Dn4000 not available (Dn4000QG)meta.codeintUVJQGez[0/1] Flag: 1 = classified as QG based on UVJ diagram (eazy-py) (UVJQG_ez)meta.codeintsSFRQGbg[0/1] Flag: 1 = classified as QG based on specific SFR (Bagpipes) (sSFRQG_bg)meta.codeintMstelbgStellar mass from photometric SED fitting with Bagpipes (stellar_mass_bg)solMassphys.massdoublee_MstelbgError of stellar_mass_bg (stellar_mass_bg)solMassstat.errordoubleSFRbgStar formation rate from photometric SED fitting with Bagpipes (SFR_bg)solMass/yrphys.SFRdoublee_SFRbgError of SFR_bg (SFR_bg)solMass/yrstat.errordoubleAVbgDust attenuation Av from photometric SED fitting with Bagpipes (Av_bg)magphys.absorptiondoublee_AVbgError of Av_bg (Av_bg)magstat.errordoubleMstelezStellar mass from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (stellar_mass_ez)solMassphys.massdoublee_MstelezError of stellar_mass_ez (stellar_mass_ez)solMassstat.errordoublerestUezRest-frame U-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restU_ez)uJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Udoublee_restUezError of restU_ez (restU_ez)uJystat.errordoublerestVezRest-frame V-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restV_ez)uJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Vdoublee_restVezError of restV_ez (restV_ez)uJystat.errordoublerestJezRest-frame J-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restJ_ez)uJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Jdoublee_restJezError of restJ_ez (restJ_ez)uJystat.errordoublerestNUVezRest-frame NUV-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restNUV_ez)uJyphot.flux;em.UVdoublee_restNUVezError of restNUV_ez (restNUV_ez)uJystat.errordoublerestBezRest-frame B-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restB_ez)uJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Bdoublee_restBezError of restB_ez (restB_ez)uJystat.errordoubleDn4000? Dn4000 index measured from NIRSpec spectrum; -1 if not available (Dn4000)spect.indexdoublenullablee_Dn4000? Error of Dn4000; -1 if not available (Dn4000)stat.errordoublenullableNfiltcorr[0/18] Number of filters used for flux correction (Nfilter_fcorr)meta.numberintXrayDet[-1/1] X-ray detection flag (Xray_detection) (2)meta.codeintL2-10keV? Rest-frame 2-10keV luminosity from Chandra; -1 if not detected or no Chandra coverage (L2-10keV)0.1uWphys.luminosity;em.X-raydoublenullableJ/A+A/710/A364/archives*Properties of quiescent galaxies selected in the archival search with Dawn JWST Archive (table F1)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIdObject identifier (id)meta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (ra)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (dec)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzSpectroscopic redshift from msaexp (z)src.redshiftdoublewminMinimum wavelength of the NIRSpec spectrum (wmin)umem.wl;stat.minfloatwmaxMaximum wavelength of the NIRSpec spectrum (wmax)umem.wl;stat.maxfloatsn50optMedian signal-to-noise ratio per pixel at 0.4um <lambda_rest_<0.5um (sn50_opt)stat.snr;em.wl.centraldoublePhot[1] Flag: 1 = photometry exists (photometry)meta.codeintDn4000QG[-1/1] Flag: 1 = classified as quiescent galaxy (QG) based on Dn4000; -1 = Dn4000 not available (Dn4000QG)meta.codeintUVJQGez[0/1] Flag: 1 = classified as QG based on UVJ diagram (eazy-py) (UVJQG_ez)meta.codeintsSFRQGbg[0/1] Flag: 1 = classified as QG based on specific SFR (Bagpipes) (sSFRQG_bg)meta.codeintMstelbgStellar mass from photometric SED fitting with Bagpipes (stellar_mass_bg)solMassphys.massdoublee_MstelbgError of stellar_mass_bg (stellar_mass_bg)solMassstat.errordoubleSFRbgStar formation rate from photometric SED fitting with Bagpipes (SFR_bg)solMass/yrphys.SFRdoublee_SFRbgError of SFR_bg (SFR_bg)solMass/yrstat.errordoubleAVbgDust attenuation Av from photometric SED fitting with Bagpipes (Av_bg)magphys.absorptiondoublee_AVbgError of Av_bg (Av_bg)magstat.errordoubleMstelezStellar mass from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (stellar_mass_ez)solMassphys.massdoublee_MstelezError of stellar_mass_ez (stellar_mass_ez)solMassstat.errordoublerestUezRest-frame U-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restU_ez)uJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Udoublee_restUezError of restU_ez (restU_ez)uJystat.errordoublerestVezRest-frame V-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restV_ez)uJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Vdoublee_restVezError of restV_ez (restV_ez)uJystat.errordoublerestJezRest-frame J-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restJ_ez)uJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Jdoublee_restJezError of restJ_ez (restJ_ez)uJystat.errordoublerestNUVezRest-frame NUV-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restNUV_ez)uJyphot.flux;em.UVdoublee_restNUVezError of restNUV_ez (restNUV_ez)uJystat.errordoublerestBezRest-frame B-band flux from photometric SED fitting with eazy-py (restB_ez)uJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Bdoublee_restBezError of restB_ez (restB_ez)uJystat.errordoubleDn4000? Dn4000 index measured from NIRSpec spectrum; -1 if not available (Dn4000)spect.indexdoublenullablee_Dn4000? Error of Dn4000; -1 if not available (Dn4000)stat.errordoublenullableNfiltcorr[0/18] Number of filters used for flux correction (Nfilter_fcorr)meta.numberintXrayDet[-1/1] X-ray detection flag (Xray_detection) (1)meta.codeintL2-10keV? Rest-frame 2-10keV luminosity from Chandra; -1 if not detected or no Chandra coverage (L2-10keV)0.1uWphys.luminosity;em.X-raydoublenullable