J/A+A/710/A352ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/710/A352CDSTschudi Y.2026-06-26T06:42:42Z2026-06-26T07:19:21ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsdwarf-starsexoplanetsphotometryvisible-astronomyAs the most favorable hosts for small transiting planets, M-dwarf stars can be very useful in detecting these objects. A newly accessible discovery space has recently opened up thanks to mid-to-late M-dwarfs characterized by sufficient TESS multisector coverage thanks to new Cycle 6+ observations. This paper presents a systematic transit survey of 121 "newly enabled" M3-M6 dwarfs (Teff=2700-3400K) over a period of P=0.5-100d. These surveyed stars only recently crossed the multisector TESS detection threshold via Cycle 6+ coverage. The sample was selected from 498312 TIC M-dwarfs via a nine-step funnel. The pipeline combines a transit least squares approach (TLS) with a signal validation cascade, TRICERATOPS vetting, Gaia data release 3 (DR3) verification, and three empirical signal reliability tests. The pipeline validation achieved 100% recovery (16/16 planets) on ten known systems with zero false positives. The survey identified 20 transit-like signals across 16 systems, none of which had been characterized by any prior TESS object of interest (TOI) designations. The reliability framework classified two as tier 1 (high robustness), seven as tier 2 (moderate), and ten as tier 3 (noise-susceptible), while one monotransit was excluded. For nine out of 16 hosts, the candidate SDE sits at or below the measurable noise floor. Of the remaining seven, the floor lies below SDE_in,_=7 and the candidates end up exceeding it. The global false alarm rate is 17.4% (21/121; Wilson 95% CI: [11.6%, 25.1%]). The survey quantifies TLS sensitivity limits on active M3-M6 dwarfs with sparse TESS coverage. The two tier 1 candidates are priorities for RV confirmation. The ten tier 3 candidates require additional TESS sectors to establish a signal persistence, while nine systems call for high-resolution imaging to confirm their classification.2026A&A...710A.352Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/710/A352CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/710/A352https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/710/A352http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/710/A352https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/710/A352https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/710/A352http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/710/A352GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/710/A352/tablea2 (PLANET_CANDIDATE: exhaustive parameters. ordered by signal reliability tier; monotransit last)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.583833329.55244440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/710/A352/tablea3 (Host star parameters for PLANET_CANDIDATE systems)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablea3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablea3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablea3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true8.30625-47.55458330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/710/A352/tablea4 (NEEDS_HR_IMAGING: exhaustive parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablea4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablea4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablea4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true45.599833341.54669440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/710/A352/tablea5 (HR imaging requirements and recommended facilities)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablea5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablea5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablea5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true45.599833341.54669440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/710/A352/tablec1 (Complete validation sample. T10 systems meeting criteria, 16 TESS-detectable planets, 100% recovery. LHS 1140 tested separately as limit case)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablec1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablec1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablec1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true124.53175-68.3130.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/710/A352/tablec2 (Validation planet detection parameters and NASA Archive comparison)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablec2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablec2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A352/tablec2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true124.53175-68.3130.0055555555555555566/996 1263 1706 13451 18779 19668 20330 20558 21986 24999 25312 26538 32666 34468 35048 35282 35355 35670 36065 36357 36359 37453 37548 40250 48193 48522https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/710/A352?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/710/A352/tablea2PLANET_CANDIDATE: exhaustive parameters. ordered by signal reliability tier; monotransit lastrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTICTIC identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainlongPnum[1/2] Number of planet candidatemeta.idintPerPerioddtime.periodfloatT0Time of minima (BTJD)dtime.epochfloatDepthDepth(10-6)stat.fit.paramintSDESignal Detection Efficiencystat.paramfloatRpPlanet radius from MCMC unless noted(6.3781x10+6m)phys.angSize;srcfloatE_Rp? Upper error of planet radius(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Rp? Lower error of planet radius(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errorfloatnullablef_Rp[*] Flag on Rp (1)meta.codecharTeqEquilibrium temperature, assumes Bond albedo A=0.3Kphys.temperatureintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchare_TeqEquilibrium temperature error (2)Kstat.errorintSInsolation flux (in Earth unit)Earthphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatTmagTESS magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatdDistancepcpos.distancefloatRUWERUWEstat.errorfloatf_RUWE[+] Flag on RUWE (1)meta.codecharTiersignal reliability tier (3)meta.codecharf_Tier[+b] Flag on Tier (1)meta.codecharHZHabitable Zone ?meta.codecharf_HZ[d] Flag on HZ (1)meta.codechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/710/A352/tablea3Host star parameters for PLANET_CANDIDATE systemsSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTICTIC identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainlongSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintR*Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatM*Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatTmagTESS magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatdDistancepcpos.distancefloatCandNumber of candidates per systemmeta.numberintn_Cand[a] a = +1 NEEDS_HR_IMAGING (P1)meta.notechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/710/A352/tablea4NEEDS_HR_IMAGING: exhaustive parametersSDESignal Detection Efficiencystat.paramfloatRpPlanet radius for MCMC(6.3781x10+6m)phys.angSize;srcfloatE_RpUpper error on Planet radius(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_RpLower error on Planet radius(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errorfloatTeqEquilibrium temperatureKphys.temperatureinte_TeqEquilibrium temperature errorKstat.errorintSInsolation flux (in Earth unit)Earthphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatFPPTRICERATOPS false-positive probability%stat.fit.goodnessintContam[0/3] number of Gaia sources with G<Gmax within 30"meta.numberintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharHZHabitable Zonemeta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTICTIC identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainlongPnum[1/2] Number of planet candidatemeta.idintPerPerioddtime.periodfloatDepthDepth(10-6)stat.fit.paramintf_Contam[*] * = Gaia incomplete at required G_max_meta.codecharMarg? Brightest contaminant magnitude minus Gmaxstat.fit.paramfloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/710/A352/tablea5HR imaging requirements and recommended facilitiesSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTICTIC identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainlongGmaxMaximun G magnitude or lower value of Gmax intervalmagphot.mag;stat.minfloatGmax2? Upper value of Gmax intervalmagphot.magfloatnullablen_Gmax[*] * for Gaia incomplete; deep AO requiredmeta.notecharMarg? Brightest contaminant G-Gmaxstat.fit.paramfloatnullableDiffDifficultymeta.codecharFacilityFacilitymeta.codechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/710/A352/tablea9*Numerical vetting diagnostics for the 20 detected signalsFPP? TRICERATOPS false-positive probability, with "--" indicating TRICERATOPS server failure (TRILEGAL)%stat.fit.goodnessfloatnullableRUWE? Gaia DR3 single-star indicator (threshold < 1.4)%stat.errorfloatnullablen_RUWE[+] Note on RUWE (1)meta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTIC-PnumTIC-Pnum identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharPerPerioddtime.periodfloatNtrNumber of observed transitsmeta.numberintSDESignal Detection Efficiencystat.paramfloatSNRSignal-to-noise ratiostat.snrfloatTobs/TexpDuration plausibility ratio (threshold in [0.3, 3.0])stat.fit.omcfloatn_Tobs/Texp[+] Note on Tobs/Texp (1)meta.notecharO/EsigmaOdd-even depth difference (threshold < 3sigma)stat.fit.paramfloatSecdeltaLS-reported secondary eclipse depth ratio at phase 0.5 (informational) (2)stat.fit.paramfloatn_Secdelta[+] Note on Secdelta (1)meta.notecharCentsigma? centroid offset significance, reported for the diagnostic method selected by the pipeline (threshold <5sigma)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablen_Centsigma[+] Note on Centsigma (1)meta.notecharJ/A+A/710/A352/tablec1Complete validation sample. T10 systems meeting criteria, 16 TESS-detectable planets, 100% recovery. LHS 1140 tested separately as limit caserecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSystemSystem namemeta.id;meta.maincharTICTIC identification numbermeta.idlongSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypechardDistancepcpos.distancefloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharTmagTESS magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatPlanetsNumber of planets (Total = 16)meta.numberintn_Planets[+] +: LP 791-18 d excluded (Spitzer discovery, Peterson et al', 2024) (Total = 2)meta.notecharHZHabitable Zonemeta.codecharGaiaContaminants within 30" brighter than R_p,max_meta.codecharStatusStatus (Total = 6 PC / 10 HR)meta.codechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/710/A352/tablec2Validation planet detection parameters and NASA Archive comparisonSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSystemSystem namemeta.id;meta.maincharPlanetPlanet name, within the systemmeta.idcharPdetDetected perioddtime.periodfloatParchArchival perioddtime.periodfloatl_DeltaP/PLimit flag on DeltaP/Pmeta.code.errorcharDeltaP/P{Delta}P/P, = |Pdet - Parch|/Parch%stat.fit.paramfloatn_DeltaP/P[b] note on DeltaP/P (1)meta.notecharSDESignal Detection Efficiencystat.paramfloatDepthDepth(10-6)stat.fit.paramintRpPlanet radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.angSize;srcfloatFPPFPP from TRICERATOPSstat.fit.goodnesscharNFPPNFPP from TRICERATOPSstat.fit.goodnesschar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main