COUGS-DESI Polar-Structure Galaxies in DESI J/A+A/710/A145 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/710/A145 CDS Bahr S.K.H. Mosenkov A.V. Guerrette J.A. Jensen I.H. George J.X.,Spigarelli T.E. Smith R.P. Burton B.T. Beckstead K.W. Seguine J.D.,Casper H.K. Pineda N. Holland M. 2026-06-09T09:43:03Z 2026-06-09T10:35:37Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr galaxies visible-astronomy catalogs galaxy-classification-systems photometry classification astronomical-object-identification astrometry extinction redshifted absolute-magnitude Polar-structure galaxies (PSGs) host photometrically and kinematically decoupled components oriented at large angles to one another. These systems, which include polar rings, polar disks, polar halos, polar bulges, polar dust lanes, and polar tidal structures, provide valuable insights into galaxy formation and evolution, although their rarity has limited statistical studies. We aim to construct the largest and most homogeneous catalog of PSGs to date in order to enable robust statistical studies of their properties and occurrence rates in the local Universe. Using DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (DR10) data, we identified PSG candidates in the Siena Galaxy Atlas (SGA) through visual inspection, convolutional neural network classification, and cross-matching with previously reported systems. Each galaxy was assigned a PSG subtype and host morphology. We analyzed general properties of PSGs and compared them with those for all galaxies in the SGA. Simple image simulations were used to evaluate projection effects. The resulting Catalog of Unusual Galaxies with polar Structures in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (COUGS-DESI) contains 2989 PSG candidates, including 342 previously known objects. Projection effects from random galaxy overlaps are negligible. The sample spans a wide range of polar morphologies, with 1113 polar rings, 75 polar bulges, 216 polar halos, 185 polar dust lanes, and 1315 polar tidal structures. PSGs constitute 2.2% of local non-dwarf galaxies, with polar rings representing 0.7%. Approximately 1% of S0 galaxies in the SGA host polar rings, whereas spirals constitute the most common morphological type among the PSG hosts in our catalog. COUGS-DESI increases the number of known PSG candidates by an order of magnitude and provides a foundation for detailed studies of the formation and evolution of polar structures. 2026A&A...710A.145B https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/710/A145 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to J/A+A/702/A258 : Catalogue of inspected PRGs - CIPRG (Dobrycheva+, 2025) J/A+A/408/873 : Gas and stellar kinematics in spirals (Corsini+, 2003) J/MNRAS/526/4768 : Galaxy Zoo DESI (Walmsley+, 2023) J/MNRAS/511/3063 : PS1 edge-on Galaxies catalog (Makarov+, 2022) J/MNRAS/509/3966 : Galaxy Zoo DR1+2, DR5 and DeepL version (Walmsley+, 2022) J/MNRAS/486/390 : Morphology of 16908 SDSS Stripe 82 galaxies J/MNRAS/456/1359 : IAC Stripe 82 Legacy Project: Photometry (Fliri+, 2016) J/MNRAS/418/244 : SDSS-based Polar Ring Catalogue (Moiseev+, 2011) J/MNRAS/410/166 : Morphological types from Galaxy Zoo 1 (Lintott+, 2011) J/ApJ/787/24 : Structural parameters of true edge-on galaxies J/ApJS/269/3 : Siena Galaxy Atlas 2020 (SGA-2020) (Moustakas+, 2023) J/AJ/152/73 : Stellar nuclei and bulges of nearby S0 galaxies VII/292 : DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR8 photometric redshifts VII/237 : HYPERLEDA. I. Catalog of galaxies (Paturel+, 2003) VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/710/A145 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/710/A145 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/710/A145 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/710/A145 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/710/A145 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/710/A145 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/A+A/710/A145/cougs (Photometric and morphological parameters for our polar structure galaxies sample) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A145/cougs? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A145/cougs? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/710/A145/cougs? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 0.0216969 27.6830653 0.005555555555555556 5/2810 7062 6/0 9 48 130 135 180 203 226 235 527 545 548 551 589 602 607 613 618 626 638 653 681 683 701 732-733 765 898 908 930 943 952 2051 2081 2117 2122 2130-2132 2134 2136 2153 2168 2185 2191-2192 2197 2240 2244 2248 2251 2304 2315 2568 4110 4149 4159 4168 4170-4171 4177 4190 4198 4230 4256-4257 4269 4281 4285 4305-4306 4319 4324-4325 4328 4340 4342 4346 4354 4359 4366 4369 4380 4386 4393 4405 4412 4421 4424 4426 4435-4436 4439 4441 4447 4471 4479 4490 4495 4505 4509 4513-4514 4519-4520 4531 4534-4535 4537 4549 4552 4554 4558 4562 4575 4586 4595 4614 4633 4635 4645 4651 4653 4681 4692 4698 4704 4710 4713 4732 4743 4749 4754 4794 4804 4808 4813 4815 4830 4840 4842 4846 4857 4864 4869 4888 4897 4902 4910 4913 4938 4950 4953-4954 4957 4974 4992 4996 5007 5011 5023 5038-5039 5048 5052 5058-5059 5067 5070 5073 5082 5107 5118 5123-5124 5128 5131 5139 5152 5157 5172 5184 5186 5201 5238 5247 5262 5274 5281 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46411 46429 46439-46440 46449 46459 46471 46482 46497 46502 46504 46506 46509 46514 46532 46536 46593 46596 46615 46624 46626 46630 46639-46640 46648 46651 46659 46675 46697 46701-46702 46727 46738-46739 46744-46746 46758-46759 46765 46770 46851 47377 47380 47434 47438 47448 48131 48435 48604 48624 48628 48630 48635 48639 48948 48950 48963 48977 48989 48991 49002 49092 49124 49138 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/710/A145?format=ascii Optical default J/A+A/710/A145/cougs Photometric and morphological parameters for our polar structure galaxies sample recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int e_radiiso ? Uncertainty of the i-band isophotal radius at 26 mag arcsec^-2 (R26_I_ERR_IRAF) arcmin stat.error float nullable zmag ? z-band magnitude measured at 26 mag arcsec^-2^ level (Z_MAG_SB26_IRAF) (1) mag phot.mag;em.opt.I float nullable iMAG ? Absolute magnitude in i band corrected for Galactic extinction and K-correction (M_I) mag phys.magAbs float nullable zMAG ? Absolute magnitude in z band corrected for Galactic extinction and K-correction (M_Z) mag phys.magAbs float nullable SimbadName Simbad column added by the CDS meta.id char nullable Name Galaxy name in the COUGS v1 catalog (NAME) meta.id;meta.main char IAU IAU-designated galaxy identifier based on RA and DEC (IAU_ID) meta.id char RAJ2000 Right ascension (J2000.0) of the galaxy center (RA) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main DEJ2000 Declination (J2000.0) of the galaxy center (DEC) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main TYPE1 Primary structural classification of the PSG (PSG_TYPE_1) (4) src.class char TYPE2 Secondary structural classification of the PSG (PSG_TYPE_2) (4) src.class char Morph Host galaxy morphological type (E, S0, S, Irr, M) (MORPHTYPE) src.morph.type char PGC ? Principal Galaxy Catalog identifier (PGC) meta.id.assoc int nullable LEDA Display the LEDA website object page meta.ref.url char MorphL Morphological classification from LEDA (MORPHTYPE_LEDA) src.morph.type char SGA ? ID number from the SGA catalog (SGA_ID) meta.id.assoc int nullable gmag ? g-band magnitude measured at 26 mag arcsec^-2^ level (G_MAG_SB26_IRAF) (1) mag phot.mag;em.opt.B float nullable e_gmag ? Uncertainty of the g-band asymptotic magnitude (G_MAG_SB26_ERR_IRAF) mag stat.error;phot.mag float nullable radgiso ? g-band isophotal radius at 26 mag arcsec^-2^ (R26_G_IRAF) arcmin phys.angSize;src float nullable e_radgiso ? Uncertainty of the g-band isophotal radius at 26 mag arcsec^-2 (R26_G_ERR_IRAF) arcmin stat.error float nullable rmag ? r-band magnitude measured at 26 mag arcsec^-2^ level (R_MAG_SB26_IRAF) (1) mag phot.mag;em.opt.R float nullable e_rmag ? Uncertainty of the r-band asymptotic magnitude (R_MAG_SB26_ERR_IRAF) mag stat.error;phot.mag float nullable radriso ? r-band isophotal radius at 26 mag arcsec^-2 (R26_R_IRAF) arcmin phys.angSize;src float nullable e_radriso ? Uncertainty of the r-band isophotal radius at 26 mag arcsec^-2 (R26_R_ERR_IRAF) arcmin stat.error float nullable imag ? i-band magnitude measured at 26 mag arcsec^-2^ level (I_MAG_SB26_IRAF) (1) mag phot.mag;em.opt.I float nullable e_imag ? Uncertainty of the i-band asymptotic magnitude (I_MAG_SB26_ERR_IRAF) mag stat.error;phot.mag float nullable radiiso ? i-band isophotal radius at 26 mag arcsec^-2 (R26_I_IRAF) arcmin phys.angSize;src float nullable e_zmag ? Uncertainty of the z-band asymptotic magnitude (Z_MAG_SB26_ERR_IRAF) mag stat.error;phot.mag float nullable radziso ? z-band isophotal radius at 26 mag arcsec^-2 (R26_Z_IRAF) arcmin phys.angSize;src float nullable e_radziso ? Uncertainty of the z-band isophotal radius at 26 mag arcsec^-2 (R26_Z_ERR_IRAF) arcmin stat.error float nullable Ag Galactic extinction in g band (A_G) (2) mag phys.absorption.gal float Ar Galactic extinction in r band (A_R) (2) mag phys.absorption.gal float Ai Galactic extinction in i band (A_I) (2) mag phys.absorption.gal float Az Galactic extinction in z band (A_Z) (2) mag phys.absorption.gal float z ? Final adopted redshift (REDSHIFT) src.redshift double nullable DA ? Angular diameter distance (DA) Mpc phys.size.diameter float nullable Scale ? Physical scale (SCALE) kpc/arcsec instr.scale float nullable DL ? Luminosity distance (DL) Mpc pos.distance float nullable Kcorg ? K-corrections in g band (KCOR_G) (3) mag arith.factor;phot.mag float nullable Kcorr ? K-corrections in r band (KCOR_R) (3) mag arith.factor;phot.mag float nullable Kcori ? K-corrections in i band (KCOR_I) (3) mag arith.factor;phot.mag float nullable Kcorz ? K-corrections in z band (KCOR_Z) (3) mag arith.factor;phot.mag float nullable gMAG ? Absolute magnitude in g band corrected for Galactic extinction and K-correction (M_G) mag phys.magAbs float nullable rMAG ? Absolute magnitude in r band corrected for Galactic extinction and K-correction (M_R) mag phys.magAbs float nullable rMajAxis ? Physical semi-major axis at the r-band SB26 level (PHYS_SMA_SB26) kpc phys.angSize;src float nullable n_z Name of the column that supplied REDSHIFT for that row (REDSHIFT_SOURCE) meta.note char