J/A+A/708/A46ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/708/A46CDSBerton M.Jarvela E.Chen S.Crepaldi L.Varglund I.Coloma Puga M.,Jimenez-Gallardo A.Lahteenmaki A.Panda S.Piscitelli C.Tortosa A.2026-04-02T06:28:33Z2026-03-26T08:47:08ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradio-galaxiesredshiftedspectroscopyThe origin of the radio emission in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is still debated. Multiple physical mechanisms can contribute to the spectrum at these frequencies, including relativistic jets, the jet base, outflows, star formation, and synchrotron emission from the hot corona. Recently, new extreme radio variability has been observed in the class of low-mass/high-Eddington AGN known as narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies, suggesting that another, more exotic mechanism may also play a role, especially at frequencies above 10GHz. To investigate this relatively unexplored area of the radio spectrum, we observed a sample of 50 NLS1s with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA), and 20 of them were observed twice. In this sample, 24 sources were not detected, while the others are typically characterized by a steep spectrum that can be modeled with a power law. We also identified two new candidate jetted NLS1s, including a high-frequency peaker, which is an extremely young relativistic jet. We found no significant variability in the sources observed twice. We conclude that the radio spectrum of NLS1s is typically dominated by optically thin emission, likely from low-power outflows, or by circumnuclear star formation, with a limited contribution from relativistic jets. Further studies at different spatial scales and at other wavelengths are necessary to fully constrain the origin of the radio emission in this class of active galaxies.2026A&A...708A..46Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/708/A46CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A46https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A46http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A46https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A46https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A46http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A46GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/708/A46/table1 (The sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A46/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A46/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A46/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.1677917-5.68361110.0055555555555555566/16782 16786 16841 16958 17069 17172 17214 17231 17359 17502 17673 17678 17721 18480 18505 19089 20867 21226 22535 22632 22740 22743 22755 23128 25168 25261 26637 26740 26859 34167 34672 36116 36183 36591 36749 36775 38854 40172 40309 40644 40837 40885 40939 40941 47027 48213 48629 48635 48692 489189.939104355462015e-24 2.1866029582016434e-23https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/708/A46?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/708/A46/table1The samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNameShort name of the source (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.idchar6dFGSName of the source in the 6dFGS catalog (6dFGSgJHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainzRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableScaleSpatial scalekpc/arcsecinstr.scalefloatJ/A+A/708/A46/table2Measurements for all the sources detected at least at one frequency in one epochSNameShort namemeta.idcharSp(Ku)Peak flux density at 15GHzuJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzinte_Sp(Ku)? Peak flux density at 15GHz erroruJy/beamstat.errorintnullableSi(Ku)? Integrated flux density at 15GHzuJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzintnullablee_Si(Ku)? Integrated flux density at 15GHz erroruJystat.errorintnullablerms(K)? rms of the map at 22GHzinstr.det.noiseintnullableu_rms(K)[*] Note on rms(K) (1)meta.code.errorcharl_Sp(K)Limit flag on Sp(K)meta.code.errorcharSp(K)? Peak flux density at 22GHzuJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJDModified Julian date of the observationdtime.epochintrms(Ku)rms of the map at 15GHzinstr.det.noiseintl_Sp(Ku)Limit flag on Sp(Ku)meta.code.errorchare_Sp(K)? Peak flux density at 22GHz erroruJy/beamstat.errorintnullablen_Sp(K)[*] Note on Sp(K) (1)meta.notecharSi(K)? Integrated flux density at 22GHzuJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzintnullablee_Si(K)? Integrated flux density at 22GHz erroruJystat.errorintnullablen_Si(K)[*] Note on Si(K) (1)meta.notecharrms(Ka)rms of the map at 33GHzinstr.det.noiseintl_Sp(Ka)Limit flag on Sp(Ka)meta.code.errorcharSp(Ka)Peak flux density at 33GHzuJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzinte_Sp(Ka)? Peak flux density at 33GHz erroruJy/beamstat.errorintnullableSi(Ka)? Integrated flux density at 33GHzuJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzintnullablee_Si(Ka)? Integrated flux density at 33GHz erroruJystat.errorintnullableJ/A+A/708/A46/tablea1Upper limits for sources with no detectionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNameShoer namemeta.idcharMJDModified Julian date of the observationdtime.epochintrms(Ku)rms of the map at 15GHzinstr.det.noiseintl_Sp(Ku)Limit flag on Sp(Ku)meta.code.errorcharSp(Ku)Upper limit of the peak flux density at 15GHzuJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzintrms(K)rms of the map at 22GHzinstr.det.noiseintl_Sp(K)Limit flag on Sp(K)meta.code.errorcharSp(K)Upper limit of the peak flux density at 22GHzuJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzintrms(Ka)rms of the map at 33GHzinstr.det.noiseintl_Sp(Ka)Limit flag on Sp(Ka)meta.code.errorcharSp(Ka)Upper limit of the peak flux density at 33GHzuJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzintJ/A+A/708/A46/tablea2Archival radio data for the sources with at least one JVLA detectionVL2p? Peak flux density in VL2uJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radiofloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNameSource namemeta.idcharFIRp? Peak flux density in FIRSTuJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzfloatnullableFIRi? Integrated flux density in FIRSTuJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzfloatnullableNVSSi? Peak flux density in NVSSuJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzfloatnullablee_NVSSi? Peak flux density in NVSS erroruJystat.errorfloatnullableVL1p? Peak flux density in VL1uJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radiofloatnullablee_VL1p? Peak flux density in VL1 erroruJy/beamstat.errorfloatnullableVL1i? Integrated flux density in VL1uJyphot.flux.density;em.radiofloatnullablee_VL1i? Integrated flux density in VL1 erroruJystat.errorfloatnullablee_VL2p? Peak flux density in VL2 erroruJy/beamstat.errorfloatnullableVL2i? Integrated flux density in VL2uJyphot.flux.density;em.radiofloatnullablee_VL2i? Integrated flux density in VL2 erroruJystat.errorfloatnullableS5i? Integrated flux density in S5uJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloatnullablee_S5i? Integrated flux density in S5 erroruJystat.errorfloatnullableS5p? Peak flux density in S5uJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloatnullablee_S5p? Peak flux density in S5 erroruJy/beamstat.errorfloatnullableS9p? Peak flux density in S9uJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzintnullablee_S9p? Peak flux density in S9 erroruJy/beamstat.errorintnullableRACSi? Integrated flux density in RACSuJyphot.flux.density;em.radionullablee_RACSi? Integrated flux density in RACS erroruJystat.errorfloatnullableRACSp? Peak flux density in RACSuJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radionullablee_RACSp? Peak flux density in RACS erroruJy/beamstat.errorfloatnullableTGSSi? Integrated flux density in TGSSuJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.100-200MHzfloatnullablee_TGSSi? Integrated flux density in TGSS erroruJystat.errorfloatnullableTGSSp? Peak flux density in TGSSuJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.100-200MHzfloatnullablee_TGSSp? Peak flux density in TGSS erroruJy/beamstat.errorfloatnullableJ/A+A/708/A46/tablea3Luminosity of the sources with at least one detection at 15, 22, or 33GHzrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNameSource namemeta.idcharMJDModified Julian date of the observationdtime.epochintl_logLp(Ku)Limit flag on logLp(Ku)meta.code.errorcharlogLp(Ku)logarithm of the peak luminosity at 15GHzlog(uJy.beam**-1)phot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloate_logLp(Ku)? logarithm of the peak luminosity at 15GHz errorlog(uJy.beam**-1)stat.errorfloatnullablelogLi(Ku)? logarithm of the integrated luminosity at 15GHzlog(uJy)phot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloatnullablee_logLi(Ku)? logarithm of the integrated luminosity at 15GHz errorlog(uJy)stat.errorfloatnullablel_logLp(K)Limit flag on logLp(K)meta.code.errorcharlogLp(K)? logarithm of the peak luminosity at 22GHzlog(uJy.beam**-1)phot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloatnullablee_logLp(K)? logarithm of the peak luminosity at 22GHz errorlog(uJy.beam**-1)stat.errorfloatnullablen_logLp(K)[*] Note on logLp(K) (1)meta.notecharlogLi(K)? logarithm of the integrated luminosity at 22GHzlog(uJy)phot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloatnullablee_logLi(K)? logarithm of the integrated luminosity at 22GHz errorlog(uJy)stat.errorfloatnullablel_logLp(Ka)Limt flag on logLp(Ka)meta.code.errorcharlogLp(Ka)logarithm of the peak luminosity at 33GHzlog(uJy.beam**-1)phot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_logLp(Ka)? logarithm of the peak luminosity at 33GHzlog(uJy.beam**-1)stat.errorfloatnullablelogLi(Ka)? logarithm of the integrated luminosity at 33GHzlog(uJy)phot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloatnullablee_logLi(Ka)? logarithm of the integrated luminosity at 33GHz errorlog(uJy)stat.errorfloatnullable