IceCube neutrinos-CAZ blazar light curves assoc. J/A+A/708/A383 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/708/A383 CDS Kouch P.M. Hovatta T. Lindfors E. Liodakis I. Koljonen K.I.I. Paggi A. 2026-05-19T14:14:26Z 2026-04-28T11:15:08Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr active-galactic-nuclei neutrino-astronomy radio-sources The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has detected several hundred high-energy neutrinos from cosmic sources. Despite numerous studies searching for their origin, it is still not known which sources emit them. A few likely individual associations exist with active galactic nuclei (AGN), mostly with blazars which are AGN with jets pointed toward Earth. Nonetheless, on a population level, blazar-neutrino correlation strengths are rather weak. This could mean that blazars as a population do not emit high-energy neutrinos, or that the detection power of the tests is insufficient due to the strong atmospheric neutrino background. By assuming an increase in high-energy neutrino emission during major blazar flares, in our previous studies we leveraged the arrival time of the neutrinos to boost the detection power. In this paper we utilize the same principle while substantially increasing the number of blazars. We search for the spatio-temporal correlation of 356 IceCube high-energy neutrinos with major optical flares of 3225 radio- and 3814 gamma-ray-selected blazars. We find that, despite the increase in data size, the number of likely spatio-temporal associations remains low and the overall correlation strengths weak. Two individual associations drive our strongest and the only >2{sigma} post-trial spatio-temporal correlation, occurring with the BL Lac objects of the radio-selected blazar sample. We estimate that <~8% of the detected cosmic neutrinos were emitted by blazars during major optical flares. As a complementary analysis, we compare the synchrotron peak frequency, redshift, Doppler factor, X-ray brightness, and optical variability of spatially neutrino-associated blazars to those of the general blazar population. We find that spatially neutrino-associated blazars of the tested samples have higher than average Doppler factor and X-ray brightness. 2026A&A...708A.383K https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/708/A383 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to J/A+A/690/A111 : IceCube neutrinos-blazars association (Kouch+, 2024) J/A+A/708/A382 : 7918 blazar-selected AGN CAZ catalog and LC (Kouch+, 2026) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A383 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A383 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A383 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A383 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A383 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A383 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/A+A/708/A383/neutrino (Updated IceCat1+: high-energy neutrino events used) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A383/neutrino? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A383/neutrino? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A383/neutrino? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 29.51 1.23 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/A+A/708/A383/assoc (All blazar-neutrino spatial, incl. spatio-temporal, associations) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A383/assoc? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A383/assoc? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A383/assoc? 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32614 32622 32729 34571 34592-34593 36602 36827 36830 36855 36863 37169 37217 39544 39622 39653-39654 39658 39664 39667 39670-39672 39840 39848 39851 39858 40563 40949 40958 40972 43837 43920 43924 43929 44047 44059 44069 44080 44088 45020 45054 48232 48267 48320 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/708/A383?format=ascii Radio default J/A+A/708/A383/neutrino Updated IceCat1+: high-energy neutrino events used recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Assoc indicates blazar-neutrino spatial association meta.ref.url char IC IC ID of the high-energy neutrino event (1) meta.id;meta.main char primary MJD Modified Julian Date (MJD) of the arrival time d time.epoch double E Energy estimate TeV em.energy int Sness Signalness stat.fit.goodness float RAJ2000 Right Ascension (J2000) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main E_RAJ2000 Error on Right Ascension (upper value) deg stat.error;stat.max float DEJ2000 Declination (J2000) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main e_RAJ2000 Error on Right Ascension (lower value) deg stat.error;pos.eq.ra float E_DEJ2000 Error on Declination (upper value) deg stat.error;stat.max float e_DEJ2000 Error on Declination (lower value) deg stat.error;pos.eq.dec float OmMin Omega in the published error region scenario (2) deg**2 phys.area double OmMax Omega in the enlarged error region scenario (2) deg**2 phys.area double wMin Weight in the published error region scenario (2) stat.weight double wMax Weight in the enlarged error region scenario (2) stat.weight double Ref IceCube paper reference for the event (1) meta.bib char
J/A+A/708/A383/assoc All blazar-neutrino spatial, incl. spatio-temporal, associations BBHOP [Y* -] Temporal association via prominent BBHOP (Yes*, Yes, or -) (10) meta.code char recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int IC IC name of the spatially associated high-energy neutrino event (1) meta.id;meta.main char MJD Modified Julian Date (MJD) of the arrival time of the neutrino event d time.epoch float wMax Weight of the neutrino event in the enlarged error region scenario (2) stat.weight double Blz Name of the spatially neutrino-associated source in CAZ (CAZJHHMM+DDMM) (3) meta.id char RAJ2000 CAZ Right Ascension (J2000) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main DEJ2000 CAZ Declination (J2000) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main RFCc [Y/N] Source is in the RFC complete catalog (Yes or No) (4) meta.code char RFC Source name in RFC (JHHMM+DDMM) meta.id char 4LAC [Y/N] Source is in the 4LAC catalog (Yes or No) meta.code char n4LAC Source name in 4LAC (4FGLJHHMM.m+DDMM) meta.id char CAZt Source type in CAZ (5) meta.code char logCAZsNu ? Synchrotron peak frequency of the source in CAZ log(Hz) em.freq float nullable CAZsNuC Synchrotron peak frequency class of the source in CAZ (6) meta.code.class char CAZz ? Redshift estimate of the source in CAZ src.redshift;pos.heliocentric double nullable CAZDv ? Radio variability Doppler factor of the source in CAZ spect.dopplerParam float nullable FXrayS ? Median X-ray flux density of the source in CAZ mW.m**-2 phot.flux;em.X-ray double nullable CAZVr [YN -] Source is classified as optically variable in CAZ (Yes, No, or -) (7) meta.code char TempS Temporal status of the spatial association (8) meta.code char BB95 [Y* -] Temporal association via BB95 (Yes*, Yes, or -) (9) meta.code char