J/A+A/707/A137ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/707/A137CDSZhong W.Du M.Lu S.Jin Y.Zhu K.2026-04-02T06:28:33Z2026-03-03T09:21:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesgalaxy-classification-systemsvisible-astronomyThis study aims to make a comparative analysis of galaxy kinematics using IllustrisTNG simulations and integral-field spectroscopy (IFS) observations. We identify 2342 early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the TNG100 simulation and 236 ETGs from the TNG50 simulation to compare with those from MaNGA and ATLAS^3D^ surveys. For these systems, we measure key kinematic parameters widely employed in both observational and simulation-based studies, including the intrinsic spin parameter {lambda}_R,intr_ (it indicates that the {lambda}_R_ parameter is measured when the galaxy is viewed edge-on), the cylindrical rotational energy fraction {kappa}_rot_, and structural mass ratios such as the spheroid mass fraction f_spheroid_ and the stellar halo mass fraction f_halo_. This study performs a comparative kinematic analysis of early-type galaxies using IllustrisTNG simulations and IFS data from MaNGA and ATLAS^3D^ . We demonstrate that standard classifiers --- the {lambda}_R_(Re)=0.31 SQRT(epsilon) relation and k_5_{bar} coefficient (the higher-order term of the Fourier decomposition of velocity fields) --- fail to align with kinematic bimodality. Revised thresholds are proposed: the spin {lambda}_R,intr_~0.4, the ratio of rotation energy {kappa}_rot_~0.5, and the mass fraction of a spheroid component f_spheroid_~0.6. It provides a universal threshold that classifies all kinds of galaxies into rotation-dominated (fast rotators) and random motion-dominated (slow rotators) cases. Scaling relations derived from TNG enable estimation of {kappa}_rot_ and f_spheroid_ from observations. TNG simulations exhibit a bimodality deficit, characterized by a lack of fast rotators and suppressed {lambda}_R,intr_, attributable to excess galaxies with intermediate rotation and high spheroid/stellar halo mass. A novel method for estimating stellar halo mass fractions from IFS kinematics is introduced, though significant uncertainties persist.2026A&A...707A.137Zhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/707/A137CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/707/A137https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/707/A137http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/707/A137https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/707/A137https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/707/A137http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/707/A137GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/707/A137/atlas (ATLAS3D kinematic data)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/707/A137/atlas?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/707/A137/atlas?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/707/A137/atlas?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true153.202362243.14554780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/707/A137/manga (MaNGA kinematic data (table 1))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/707/A137/manga?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/707/A137/manga?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/707/A137/manga?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true214.422117845.46583920.0055555555555555565/1247 1489 1553 2316 6941 6/0 527 544-545 548-550 552 555 664 697 2145 2374 4109 4133 4439 4447 4449 4512-4514 4526 4565 4647 4650 4652 4734 4743 4747 4750 4753-4755 4759 4761 4767 4769 4772-4773 4794-4796 4800 4804 4807 4817 4829-4830 4834 4838-4841 4843 4846 4848 4850 4857 4865 4869 4898 4924 4930 4962 4964 4967 4971 4978 4986 4992 5010-5011 5021 5031 5033 5061 5073 5075-5076 5116 5125 5134 5182 5196 5294 5358-5360 5398 5429 5474 5526 5528 5533 5554 5556 5559-5560 5563 5576 5579 5590 5592 5594 5599 5605 5607-5608 5611 5615-5618 5626 5637 5645 5656 5658 5664 5667 5673 5677 5680 5745 5749 5755 5773 5789 5799-5802 5806 5808 5816 5819 5829 5836 5841 5862 5890 5905 5917-5919 5922 5933 5963 5966-5967 5972-5973 5976 5979-5980 5984 5990 5999 6012 6087 6090 6093 6097 6103 6161 6220 6222 6226 6238 6242 6254 6260 6270 6398 6408 6435 6441 6453 6455-6456 6534 6539-6540 6544-6546 6552-6553 6564 6570 6572 6577-6580 6582 6596 6599 6603 6605-6606 6608 6612 6633 6635 6638-6639 6646 6654 7172 7175 7214 7231 7235 7287 7311 7314-7315 7317-7319 7321 7324 7328 7337 7343-7345 7355 7360 7363 7370 7374 7385 7442 7560 7681 8193-8197 8208 8228 8230-8231 8240 8265-8266 8268-8269 8271 8273-8274 8280-8281 8288-8289 8296-8297 8386 8527 8531 8533 8537 8567 8572 8575 8657 8659-8660 8667-8669 8684-8685 8691 8699 8702 8890-8891 9058 9071 9184 9191 9197 9206 9211 9232 9236 9243 9252 9256 9258 9268 9284 9286 9289-9290 9309 9317 9341 9344-9345 9348 9350-9354 9356 9368 9370-9371 9374 9383 9386 9396 9413 9416 9424 9429 9433 9439-9440 9446 9454 9465 9467-9468 9470-9471 9474 9480 9482 9505 9507-9508 9510-9511 9601 9605-9606 9615 9632-9633 9640-9641 9643 9780 9785 9796 9799 9804 9806 9809 9815 9817-9818 9821 9834 9839 9850 9885 9901 9911 9922 9928 9931 9939 9942 9946 9948 9958 9971 9979 9987 9992 10017 10022 10025 10027 10104-10105 10115 10120 10144 10181-10183 10188 10191 10200 10202 10213 10220 10246 10253 10257-10258 10261-10265 10269 10282 10293-10294 10296 10301-10304 10306 10339 10342 10345 10378-10379 10381-10382 10391 10396-10397 10400 10403-10404 10413 10420 10423 10425 10428 10449 10452 10454 10456 10461 10466 10487 10493 10501 10523 10526 10543-10544 10551 10554 10556 10621 10623 10637 10641 10695 10700 10711-10712 10718 10720 10739 10748-10749 10772-10773 10775 10845 10861 10866-10867 10924 10929 10932 10948 10950-10952 10955 10980 10997-10998 11005 11019 11024 11026 11035 11038 11040-11042 11047 11064 11067-11069 11071 11086 11090 11101 11106 11110 11112 11114 11137 11140-11141 11146 11155 11168 11172 11178 11200 11246 11253 11264 11266 11282 11288 11301-11303 11312 11319 11327-11328 11370-11371 11377 11379 11402-11403 11410 11412 11418 11424 11432-11433 11435-11436 11443 11457 11594 11776 11791 11824 12290 12383 12391-12392 12405 12481 13336 13401 15056 17741 17744-17745 17747 17749 17753 17756 17761 17767-17768 17770-17771 17776 17810-17811 17818 17821 18002 18011 18017 18019 18022 18071 18074 18209 18269 18301-18303 18324-18326 18388 18395 18405 18409 18411-18412 18414 18775 18778-18779 18845 18954 19049 19058 19091 19096-19097 19102 19109 19120 19387 19389-19390 19426 19432-19433 19442 19686 19694 19777 19987-19988 19993 19996 20002 20014 20101 21846-21847 21873 21886-21887 22397 22718-22719 23047 23073 23101-23102 23144 23177 23185 23187 23190 23192 23194-23195 23197 23202 23204 23206 23208-23209 23211 25893 25907 25981-25982 26055 26065 26069 26125 26149 26157 26166 26173 26210 26285 26307 26313 26316 26361-26362 26530 26542 27038 27051 27067-27068 27070 27079 27087 27105 27135 27186 27199 27219 27223-27225 27238 27247-27248 27256 27279 27285 27292 27314 27317 27328 27333 27346 27352 27367 27418-27420 27429 27438-27440 27480 27515 27518 27521-27522 27578 27595 27604 27669 27671 27712-27714 27719-27720 27722-27723 27728 27734-27735 27738-27739 27743 27755 27758 27773-27774 27802 27857 27861 27907-27908 27913-27914 27921 27931 27936 27938 27944 27946 28030 28033 28038 28127 28148-28149 28221 28264 28280 28282-28283 28286 28359-28360 28362 28366 28369 28425 28427 28495 28535 28538 28630 28653 31340 31404 31453-31454 31487 31654 31658 31694 31728 32168 32408 32413-32415 32442-32445 32447 32456 32482-32483 32489-32492 32497 32501 32511 32539 32682-32683 36717 36723 36727 36808 36810 36819 36861-36862 40952 49120 49147https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/707/A137?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/707/A137/atlasATLAS3D kinematic datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameID associated with a specific observation for a unique galaxymeta.id;meta.maincharIncInclination of galaxydegsrcfloatEll(Re)Ellipticity measured within Resrc.ellipticityfloatLR(Re)Stellar spin parameter Lambda_R,intr(Re)_ calculated within Re (1)stat.fit.paramfloatLRintr(Re)? Intrinsic stellar spin parameter Lambda_R,intr(Re)_ calculated within Restat.fit.paramfloatnullablekapparot(all)? Significance of cylindrical rotation kappa_rot_(all) calculated from all starsstat.fit.goodnessfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharfspheroid(all)? Spheroid mass fraction f_spheroid_(all) calculated from all starsphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatnullablefhalo(all)? Stellar halo mass fraction f_halo_(all) calculated from all starsphys.mass;meta.modelledfloatnullablekapparot(Re)? Significance of cylindrical rotation kappa_rot_(Re) calculated within Restat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablefspheroid(Re)? Spheroid mass fraction f_spheroid_(Re) calculated within Rephys.mass;meta.modelledfloatnullablefhalo(Re)? Stellar halo mass fraction f_halo_(Re) calculated within Rephys.mass;meta.modelledfloatnullableClassNew kinematic classification (2)meta.code.classchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/707/A137/mangaMaNGA kinematic data (table 1)SimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameID associated with a specific observation for a unique galaxymeta.id;meta.maincharIncInclination of galaxydegsrcfloatEll(Re)Ellipticity measured within Resrc.ellipticityfloatLR(Re)Stellar spin parameter Lambda_R,intr(Re)_ calculated within Re (1)stat.fit.paramfloatLRintr(Re)? Intrinsic stellar spin parameter Lambda_R,intr(Re)_ calculated within Restat.fit.paramfloatnullablekapparot(all)? Significance of cylindrical rotation kappa_rot_(all) calculated from all starsstat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablefspheroid(all)? Spheroid mass fraction f_spheroid_(all) calculated from all starsphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatnullablefhalo(all)? Stellar halo mass fraction f_halo_(all) calculated from all starsphys.mass;meta.modelledfloatnullablekapparot(Re)? Significance of cylindrical rotation kappa_rot_(Re) calculated within Restat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablefspheroid(Re)? Spheroid mass fraction f_spheroid_(Re) calculated within Rephys.mass;meta.modelledfloatnullablefhalo(Re)? Stellar halo mass fraction f_halo_(Re) calculated within Rephys.mass;meta.modelledfloatnullableClassNew kinematic classification (2)meta.code.classchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main