J/A+A/705/A5ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/705/A5CDSNaponiello L.2026-03-02T06:25:50Z2025-12-24T13:18:18ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsvisible-astronomyorbitsTransit-Timing Variations (TTVs) are a powerful tool for detecting unseen companions in systems with known transiting exoplanets and for characterizing their masses and orbital properties. Large-scale and homogeneous TTV analyses are a valuable method to complement the demographics of planetary systems and understand the role of dynamical interactions. We present the results of a systematic TTV analysis of 423 systems covering 16000 transits, each with a single transiting planet first discovered by the NASA TESS mission and then confirmed or validated by follow-up studies. The primary aim of this survey is to identify the most promising candidates for dynamically active systems that warrant further investigation. Our analysis is performed in a two-stage pipeline. In the first stage, precise measurements of individual transit times are extracted from the TESS light curves for each system in an homogeneous way. In the second stage, we apply a two-tiered decision framework to classify candidates by analyzing the resulting transit variations. Based on excess timing scatter and the difference in Bayesian Information Criterion of periodic models over linear ones, the TTVs are classified as significant, marginal, or non-detections. We find 11 systems with significant TTVs, 5 of which were announced in previous works, and 10 more systems with marginal evidence in our sample. We present three-panel diagnostic plots for all the candidates, showing phase-folded light curves, the transit variations over time, and the same variations folded on the recovered TTV period. A comprehensive summary table detailing the fitted parameters and TTV significance for the entire survey sample is also provided. This survey constitutes the largest homogeneous TTV analysis of TESS systems to date. We provide the community with updated ephemerides and a catalogue of high-quality TTV candidates, enabling targeted follow-up observations and detailed dynamical modelling to uncover the nature of unseen companions and study system architectures2026A&A...705A...5Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/705/A5CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toIV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A5https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A5http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A5https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A5https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A5http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A5GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/705/A5/tablea1TTV analysis results for TESS TOIsE_e? Orbital eccentricity upper errorstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_e[]? Orbital eccentricity lower errorstat.errordoublenullableomegaArgument of periastrondegsrc.orbital.periastrondoubleE_omega? Argument of periastron upper errordegstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_omega[]? Argument of periastron lower errordegstat.errordoublenullablerhostarStellar densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoubleE_rhostarStellar density upper errorg.cm**-3stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_rhostar[] Stellar density upper error lower errorg.cm**-3stat.errordoubleNtrNumber of observed transitsmeta.numberintTOITESS Object of Interest ID (NNNN.NN)meta.id;meta.maincharO-CDisplay the O-C listmeta.ref.urlcharTTVsTTV detection flag (Yes/No/Weak)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintchi2mod? chi^2^ of best-fitting TTV modelstat.fit.chi2floatnullableDBIC? {Delta}BIC relative to linear ephemeristime;arith.difffloatnullablePTTV? TTV perioddtime.periodfloatnullableATTV? TTV amplitudeminsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullablePorbOrbital perioddtime.perioddoubleE_PorbOrbital period upper errordstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Porb[] Orbital period lower errordstat.errordoubleT0Transit reference epoch (TBJD)dmeta.ref;time.epochdoubleE_T0Transit reference epoch (TBJD) upper errordstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_T0[] Transit reference epoch (TBJD) lower errordstat.errordoubleRp/RsPlanet-to-star radius ratiophys.size;arith.ratiodoubleE_Rp/RsPlanet-to-star radius ratio upper errorstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Rp/Rs[] Planet-to-star radius ratio lower errorstat.errordoublebImpact parametersrc.impactParamfloatE_bImpact parameter upper errorstat.error;stat.maxfloate_b[] Impact parameter lower errorstat.errorfloate? Orbital eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableJ/A+A/705/A5/oc-listO-C list for each planetrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTOITESS Object of Interest ID (TOI-NNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharTimePredPredicted Time (BJD )dtime.epochdoubleindexedO-CObserved minus calculateddstat.fit.residualdoubleE_O-CUpper error on Observed minus calculateddstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_O-CLower error on Observed minus calculateddstat.error;stat.fit.omcdouble