J/A+A/705/A240ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/705/A240CDSLaurenti M.Tombesi F.Condo P.Gaspari M.Nicastro F.Torresi E.,Luminari A.Piconcelli E.Zappacosta L.Fukumura K.Lanzuisi G.,Serafinelli R.Dadina M.Cappi M.Middei R.Arevalo Gonzalez F.,Di Salvo F.2026-03-02T06:25:50Z2026-01-21T08:31:21ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleix-ray-sourcesgamma-ray-astronomyUltra-fast outflows (UFOs) are highly ionized, mildly relativistic winds seen in the X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and are thought to contribute to AGN feedback and galaxy evolution. We investigate UFO signatures by analyzing a broad collection of published detections. Our final sample comprises 122 robust (>2{sigma}) UFO detections in 57 AGN, spanning wide ranges in redshift, luminosity, black hole mass, and Eddington ratio. By combining phenomenological and photoionization modeling of the absorption features, we characterize empirical correlations among UFO properties. We find that line width, equivalent width, and outflow velocity are positively correlated, indicating that the broadest and strongest absorption lines trace the fastest winds, although the {upsilon}-{sigma} trend is comparatively weak. The large inferred velocity dispersions, often exceeding the uncertainty on the centroid velocity, must be included when estimating wind energetics and scaling relations. From the velocity constraints we derive lower limits on the launching radii, finding a minimum distance consistent with the innermost stable circular orbit of a weakly or non-rotating Schwarzschild black hole. We also assess for the first time how UFO properties depend on AGN class: differences between Seyferts and quasars, bridged by narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, appear to be driven mainly by black hole mass and luminosity. The observed co-variation of velocity, width, and equivalent width supports a picture of clumpy, multi-component winds propagating through a thermally unstable multiphase medium within the chaotic cold accretion cycle, and is consistent with both magnetically and line-driven acceleration. High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy with missions such as XRISM and NewAthena will be crucial to resolve the structure, kinematics, and physical origin of these flows.2026A&A...705A.240Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/705/A240CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A240https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A240http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A240https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A240https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A240http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A240GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/705/A240/tablea1 (Comprehensive AGN list with their main general properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/705/A240/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/705/A240/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/705/A240/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true64.5938.030.0055555555555555566/1263 4315 4850 4942 5171 5262 5333 5379 5576 5687 6977 7309 8071 8286 8299 9018 10584 10912 10927 11388 11596 11898 12025 15481 16184 16301 17075 19216 19730 21016 22890 23167 23323 23339 25906 26019 26483 27127 27862 28371 28471 28517 29398 32447 33930 35935 38653 40410 41059 41929 43677 43787 43877 45735 46399 47154 49042https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/705/A240?format=asciiGamma-rayX-raydefaultJ/A+A/705/A240/tablea1Comprehensive AGN list with their main general propertiesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAGN[1/57] Unique AGN identifiermeta.idintprimaryNameAGN namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNHgalGalactic neutral HI column density from HI4PI full-sky map (HI4PI Collab. 2016)1e+20cm**-2phys.columnDensity;obs.field;pos.galacticfloatzRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatlogMBHLogarithm of the black hole masslog(solMass)phys.masscharlogLbolLogarithm of the bolometric luminositylog(1e-07W)phys.luminosityfloatlogLambEddLogarithm of the Eddington ratiophys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatRefBibliographic reference(s) for the adopted z, logMBH, logLbol and/or logLambEddmeta.bibcharRLFlag[0/1] Radio-loudness flag (1)meta.codecharAGNClass[0/2] AGN classification flag (2)meta.codecharJ/A+A/705/A240/tableb1Journal of observations with UFO detectionsRefBibliographic reference(s) for each UFO detectionmeta.bibcharObsIDObservation identifier(s) (1)meta.id;obs.param;obscharTelTelescope(s) used for the observationinstr.setupcharl_logxiLimit flag on logximeta.code.errorcharl_logNHLimit flag on logNHmeta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqUnique identifier of each detected UFOmeta.idintAGN[1/57] Unique AGN identifier, as in tablea1.datmeta.id;meta.mainintERest-frame centroid energy of the absorption linekeVphys.energy;spect.linefloate_ELower 1{sigma} error on EkeVstat.errorfloatE_EUpper 1{sigma} error on EkeVstat.error;stat.maxfloatsigmaGaussian width of the absorption lineeVspect.line.widthinte_sigmaLower 1{sigma} error on sigmaeVstat.errorfloatE_sigmaUpper 1{sigma} error on sigmaeVstat.error;stat.maxfloatEWEquivalent width of the absorption lineeVspect.line.eqWidthinte_EWLower 1{sigma} error on EWeVstat.error;spect.line.eqWidthfloatE_EWUpper 1{sigma} error on EWeVstat.error;stat.maxfloatVoutOutflow velocity in units of the speed of lightcm/sphys.velocfloate_VoutLower 1{sigma} error on Voutcm/sstat.errorfloatE_VoutUpper 1{sigma} error on Voutcm/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatlogxiLogarithm of the ionization parameterlog(1e-07J.cm.s**-1)phys.ionizParamfloate_logxiLower 1{sigma} error on lgxilog(1e-07J.cm.s**-1)stat.errorfloatE_logxiUpper 1{sigma} error on lgxilog(1e-07J.cm.s**-1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatlogNHLogarithm of the hydrogen column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloate_logNHLower 1{sigma} error on lgNhlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatE_logNHUpper 1{sigma} error on lgNhlog(cm**-2)stat.error;stat.maxfloatGamma? Photon index of the X-ray continuummeta.code;spect.index;spect.continuumfloatnullablee_Gamma? Lower 1{sigma} error on Gammastat.errorfloatnullableE_Gamma? Upper 1{sigma} error on Gammastat.error;stat.maxfloatnullable