J/A+A/705/A238ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/705/A238CDSVioque M.Booth R.A.Ragusa E.Ribas A.Kurtovic N.T.Rosotti G.P.,Penoyre Z.Facchini S.Garufi A.Manara C.F.Huelamo N.Winter A.,Perez S.Benisty M.Mendigutia I.Cuello N.Penzlin A.B.T.,Castro-Ginard A.Teague R.2026-03-02T06:25:50Z2026-01-26T09:28:34ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsmultiple-starseffective-temperaturestellar-massesproper-motionsvisible-astronomyProtoplanetary discs with inner dust cavities (often referred to as "transition discs") are potential signposts of planet formation. However, few companions have been identified within these cavities, and the role of companions in shaping them remains unclear. We used Gaia astrometry to search for planetary and stellar companions in a sample of 98 transition discs, assessing the occurrence rate of such companions and their potential influence on cavity formation. For the 98 young stellar objects (YSOs) with inner dust cavities, we computed Gaia proper motion anomalies, which together with the renormalised unit weight error (RUWE), identify companions with mass ratios q>~0.01 at ~0.1-30au. We assessed the impact of disc gravity, accretion, disc-scattered light, dippers, starspots, jets, and outflows on the measured proper motion anomalies, concluding that these effects are unlikely to affect our analyses and that astrometric techniques such as the one of this work can be robustly applied to YSOs. Significant proper motion anomalies are found in 31 transition discs (32% of the sample), indicative of companions. We recovered 85% of the known companions within our sensitivity range. Assuming that the astrometry of each system is dominated by a single companion, we modelled the semi-major axis and mass required to reproduce the observed astrometric signals. Most inferred companions have M>30M_J_, placing many within or near the stellar mass regime. Seven sources host companions compatible with a planetary mass (M<13M_J_, HD 100453, J04343128+1722201, J16102955-3922144, MHO6, MP Mus, PDS 70, and Sz 76). For the non-detections, we provide the companion masses and semi-major axes that can be excluded in future searches. About half (53%) of detected companions cannot be reconciled with having carved the observed dust cavities. We have gathered evidence of the presence of companions in a large sample of transition discs. However, we find that the population of transition discs cannot be fully described as a circumbinary population. Transition discs host as many companions within our sensitivity range as do randomly sampled groups of YSOs and main-sequence stars. If dust cavities are shaped by companions, such companions must reside at larger orbital separations than those of the companions detected here, and we predict them to be of planetary mass.2026A&A...705A.238Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/705/A238CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A238https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A238http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A238https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A238https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A238http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A238GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/705/A238/tablea1 (Transition disk sources analysed for companions via Gaia DR2-DR3 proper motion anomalies)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/705/A238/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/705/A238/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/705/A238/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true68.730943456365324.48130631876070.0055555555555555565/292 10745 6/1029 1050 1066 1073 1081 1111 1114 1159 1539 21418 21422 22861 23003 23543 23548-23549 23551 23738 24277 24279 24294 24300 28746 28762 28921 29896 30741 36948 36956 36958 37186 37978 38382 39389 41526 42429 42595 42598-42599 42605 42610-42611 42614 42644 42705 42714 42885 42906 42970 42972 42979 43415 44049 44317 44361-44362 44365 44377 44379 47741 47826 478451.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/705/A238?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/705/A238/tablea1Transition disk sources analysed for companions via Gaia DR2-DR3 proper motion anomaliesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintComp[Yes No] Flag indicating the detection in this paper of a stellar or sub-stellar companionmeta.bibchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decindexedNameTarget identifier (star or system name used in the paper; usually a common catalog name appearing in SIMBAD)meta.id;meta.maincharMComp? Estimated mass of the companion (50th percentile of the distribution of possible companion masses)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massdoublenullableE_MComp? Upper uncertainty on Companion_mass (up to the 90th percentile)(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_MComp? Lower uncertainty on Companion_mass (down to the 10th percentile)(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.errordoublenullableSepComp? Estimated semi-major axis of the companion (50th percentile of the distribution of possible companion semi-major axes)auphys.angSize;srcdoublenullableE_SepComp? Upper uncertainty on Companion_separation (up to the 90th percentile)austat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_SepComp? Lower uncertainty on Companion_separation (down to the 10th percentile)austat.errordoublenullableTeffAdopted effective temperature of the central starKphys.temperature.effectivedoubleE_TeffUpper uncertainty on TeffKstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_TeffLower uncertainty on TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivedoubleLumstarStellar luminosity of the central star (updated to Gaia DR3 distances)solLumphys.luminositydoubleE_LumstarUpper uncertainty on LumstarsolLumstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_LumstarLower uncertainty on LumstarsolLumstat.errordoubleRefstelReference code for the source of the effective temperature and luminosity in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharMassstarDerived stellar mass of the central starsolMassphys.massdoublee_MassstarUncertainty on MassstarsolMassstat.errordoubleinc? Dust-disk inclination relative to the line of sight (0deg = face-on, 90deg = edge-on)degsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatnullablee_inc? Uncertainty on incdegstat.errorfloatnullablePA? Disc position angle on the sky, between 0 to 180degdegpos.posAng;obs.fieldfloatnullablee_PA? Uncertainty on PAdegstat.errorfloatnullableCavitySizeRadius of the inner dust-disk cavityauphys.size.radiusfloatRefdiskmReference code for disk geometries in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharSNRPMaSignal-to-noise ratio of the Gaia DR2 to DR3 proper-motion anomaly (PMa)stat.snrdoubleRUWEGaia DR3 renormalised unit weight errorstat.errordoublePMaGaia DR2 to DR3 proper-motion anomalymas/yrsrc.orbital.meanAnomalydoublee_PMaUncertainty on PMamas/yrstat.errordoubleGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source identifier of the starmeta.idGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source identifier of the starmeta.idRA_ICRSGaia DR3 right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 of the sourcedegpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSGaia DR3 declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 of the sourcedegpos.eq.dec;meta.mainplxGaia DR3 parallax of the sourcemaspos.parallax.trigdoublee_plxUncertainty on plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublePMTotal proper motion of the source from Gaia DR3mas/yrpos.pmdoublepmRAProper motion of the source in right ascension from Gaia DR3mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEProper motion of the source in declination from Gaia DR3mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleGmagGaia DR3 mean G-band magnitude of the sourcemagphot.mag;em.optdoubleJ/A+A/705/A238/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.notecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharComCommentsmeta.notechar