J/A+A/705/A210ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/705/A210CDSAlves D.Jenkins J.S.Vines J.I.Moyano M.Anderson D.R.Magliano C.,Covone G.Covone G.Stassun K.G.Soubkiou A.Gillen E.Battley M.,Hugues A.Armstrong D.J.Saha S.Hawthorn F.Wheatley P.J.,Collins K.A.Schwarz R.P.Srdoc G.Apergis I.Zivave T.Lendl M.,Tofflemire B.M.Doty J.P.Hedges C.Mireles I.Burleigh M.R.,Kendall A.Harvey G.T.Goad M.R.Casewell S.L.Edkins T.2026-03-02T06:25:50Z2026-01-22T08:35:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsf-starstransient-sourcesphotometryvisible-astronomyspectroscopyradial-velocityObservations have shown that planets similar to Neptune are rarely found orbiting Sun-like stars with periods up to ~4 days, defining the so-called Neptune desert region. Therefore, the detection of each individual planet in this region holds a high value, providing detailed insights into how such a population came to form and evolve. Here we report the detection of TOI-333b, a Neptune desert planet with a mass, radius, and bulk density of 20.1 +/- 2.4 M_{Earth}_, 4.26 +/- 0.11 R_{Earth}_, and 1.42 +/- 0.21 g.cm^-3^, respectively. The planet orbits a F7V star every 3.78 d, whose mass, radius and effective temperature are of 1.2 +/- 0.1 M_{Sun}_, 1.10 +/- 0.03 R_{Sun}_, and 6241_-62_^+73^K, respectively. TOI-333b is likely younger than 1 Gyr, which is supported by the presence of the doublet Li line around 6707.856 {AA} and its comparison to Li abundances in open clusters with well constrained ages. The planet is expected to host only 8.5_-8.3_^+10.9^% gas-to-core mass ratio for a H/He envelope. On the other hand, irradiated ocean world models predict 20_-10_^+11^% H2O mass fraction with a core fraction of 35_-23_^+20^%. Therefore, we expect that TOI-333b internal composition may be dominated by a pure rocky composition with almost no H/He envelope, or a rocky world with almost equal mass fraction of water. Finally, TOI-333b is more massive and larger than 77% and 82% of its Neptune desert counterparts, respectively, while its host ranks among the hottest known for Neptune Desert planets, making this system a unique laboratory to study the evolution of such planets around hot stars.2026A&A...705A.210Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/705/A210CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/A+A/689/A250 : Kepler DR25 cat. transit and detec. prob.J/A+A/615/A90 : Kepler-419 radial velocities (Almenara+, 2018)J/A+A/615/A76 : Spectroscopic parameters of stars (SPECIES). I.J/A+A/468/1115 : Thorium and argon lines in the visible (Lovis+, 2007)J/MNRAS/513/2719 : Stellar parameters study with SED fit algo (Vines+, 2022)J/MNRAS/486/5094 : NGTS-4b A sub-Neptune transiting in the desertJ/MNRAS/421/2342 : 4 Kepler systems transit timing observationsJ/ApJ/903/L7 : Planet parameters from IRAC measurementsJ/ApJ/888/L5 : Transits, occultation times and RVs of WASP-12bJ/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)J/ApJ/770/69 : Kepler planet candidates radii (Petigura+, 2013)J/ApJ/695/679 : Stellar rotation in M35 (Meibom+, 2009)J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanet candidates from TESS first 2yr obsJ/AJ/163/175 : WASP-12 individual transit fit with TESS (Wong+, 2022)J/AJ/161/70 : Radial velocities for WASP-107 with HIRES & CORALIEJ/AJ/157/124 : DAVE. I. Benchmarking K2 vetting tools (Kostov+, 2019)J/AJ/156/102 : The TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target ListJ/AJ/153/136 : Planets and their host stars with Gaia parallaxesJ/AJ/152/180 : Bolometric fluxes of eclipsing binaries in Tycho-2J/other/A+ARV/18.67 : Accurate masses and radii of normal stars (Torres+, 2010)VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A210https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A210http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A210https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A210https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A210http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A210GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/705/A210/lcObservvational photometry light curve of TOI-333 (table A1)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Date at TDB of measurement (BJD_TDB_)dtime.epochdoubleindexedLCmagTESS/NGTS/SAAO relative optical magnitude in respectively 600-1000nm TESS band, Sloan i' SAAO band and 520-890nm NGTS band rangesmagphot.mag;em.opt;obsdoublee_LCmagUncertainty in LCmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoubleInstInstrument of measurement (1)instrcharJ/A+A/705/A210/rvsObservational spectroscopic radial velocities of TOI-333 (table A2)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Date at TDB of measurement (BJD_TDB_)dtime.epochdoubleRVHARPS/FEROS modelled radial velocity (RV)m/sphys.veloc;pos.barycenter;obsdoublee_RVUncertainty of RVm/sstat.errordoubleInst[HARPS FEROS] Spectroscopic instrument (1)instrchar