J/A+A/705/A142ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/705/A142CDSRossi A.MRainer M.Borsa F.Facchini S.2026-03-02T06:25:50Z2026-01-16T09:47:25ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsorbitseffective-temperatureradial-velocitystellar-agesTrue spin-orbit obliquities offer valuable insights into the evolutionary history of exoplanetary systems. Previous studies have suggested that exoplanets tend to occupy either aligned or perpendicular orbits. However, recent research has indicated potential biases caused by the small sample, questioning whether this dichotomy would persist with a larger dataset. Simultaneously, a similar dichotomous behavior has been suggested for Neptune-sized planets. We aim to investigate the distribution of true spin-orbit obliquities with an enlarged sample, looking for confirmation of the disputed dichotomy previously found, with a focus also on the obliquities of Neptunes. Starting from a sample of 264 projected obliquities, we homogeneously compute true obliquities for 116 planets using the rotation period method. We combine them with 4 further values gathered from literature and we then study their distribution, also as a function of various star-planet system parameters. Our data-driven work based on 120 true obliquities - the largest sample to date - strongly confirms the presence of a single cluster of aligned planets, followed by an isotropic distribution of misaligned planets with no preferred misalignment. This result is based on a uniform distribution of stellar inclinations, for which non-uniformity could have biased previous interpretations of the arrangement of true obliquities. We confirm that Neptunians show a tentative dichotomous distribution with data available today, but its veracity needs confirmation with an enlarged sample, also because an anisotropic distribution of stellar inclination may be one of the factors hindering the real distribution. The future increase of the measured true obliquity sample over different planet types will allow better investigation of the relation between misalignment and system properties and help to depict a more comprehensive picture of the planetary evolution processes.2026A&A...705A.142Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/705/A142CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/690/A379 : Obliquities of exoplanet host stars (Knudstrup+, 2024)J/A+A/666/A47 : MASCARA-4 b light and RV curves (Zhang+, 2022)J/A+A/658/A75 : MASCARA-1 b occultation and transit light curvesJ/A+A/650/A66 : DS Tuc A radial velocity curve (Benatti+, 2021)J/A+A/635/A73 : Multiplicity study of transiting exoplanet hosts. I.J/A+A/635/A74 : Transiting planet WASP-76 (Southworth+, 2020)J/A+A/631/A34 : KELT-9b radial velocity curve (Borsa+ 2019)J/A+A/619/A1 : 55 Cnc radial velocities and photometry (Bourrier+, 2018)J/A+A/613/A41 : 5 exoplanet light and RV curves (Mancini+, 2018)J/A+A/602/A107 : 231 transiting planets eccentricity and mass (Bonomo+, 2017)J/A+A/579/A136 : HAT-P-36 and WASP-11/HAT-P-10 light curves (Mancini+, 2015)J/A+A/511/A3 : Light curves of CoRoT-2 in z-band, 4.5um and 8umJ/MNRAS/423/1503 : RV curves of WASP-16, 25 and 31 (Brown+, 2012)J/ApJ/757/18 : Radial velocities for 16 hot Jupiter host starsJ/ApJS/255/17 : Surface rotation & activity for Kepler stars. II.J/AJ/168/116 : NEID radial velocities of TOI-5126 and TOI-5398J/AJ/168/297 : JWST transmission spectrum of HIP 67522b (Thao+, 2024)J/AJ/165/164 : Tull RVels, rotation periods and Inclinations (Bowler+,2023)J/AJ/165/33 : HIRES TOI-1136s planets and planet b radial velocitiesJ/AJ/163/207 : 67 binary stars with exoplanet(s) from Gaia EDR3J/AJ/157/31 : Differential photometry & radial velocities of HATS-70J/PASP/134/H2001 : Stellar obliquities in exoplanetary systems (Albrecht+,2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A142https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A142http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/705/A142https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A142https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A142http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/705/A142GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/705/A142/tablea1 (Physical properties of our planets sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/705/A142/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/705/A142/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/705/A142/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true133.149213128.33082080.0055555555555555566/368 812 1066 1271 1292 2056 2335 2740 3828 3876 4632 4651 5009 5335 5475 6017 6181 6217 6638 7846 7917 8992 9263 9651 10593 10730 10953 11087 11455 11908 11918 12644 12983 14446 14667 14735 14757 14825 14920 14923-14924 14945 15040 15110 15129 15143 15145 15153 15748 15927 15950 16301 16316 16366 16432 16512 16947 17344 17851 18093 18147 18569 18707 18726 18759 18943 19829 20382 21137 21297 21477 21820 21876 22169 23531 24115 24409 24815 25427 25433 25635 25721 26431 26771 26918 27548 27780 27847 28548 29022 30466 32848 33798 36142 36196 36667 36794 37274 38452 39006 39542 39652 40251 42865 43248 43442 43733 43775 43865 44378 44436 45382 46421 46437 47476 47717 48178 48274 49103https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/705/A142?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/705/A142/tablea1Physical properties of our planets samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePlanet name (Name)meta.id;meta.maincharE_vsini? Upper error on projected rotational velocitykm/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idnullableGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 identifier (GaiaDR3)meta.id.assoccharTypePlanet type (Type) (1)src.classcharMplPlanet mass (Mpl)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_Mpl? Upper error on planet mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Mpl? Lower error on planet mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errorfloatnullablef_Mpl[0/1] Mpl flag (0 = known value, 1 = upper limit)meta.codeintr_MplPlanet mass referencemeta.ref;pos.framecharlambda? Projected obliquity ({lambda})degpos.cartesianfloatnullableE_lambda? Upper error on projected obliquitydegstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_lambda? Lower error on projected obliquitydegstat.errorfloatnullabler_lambdaProjected obliquity referencemeta.ref;pos.framecharpsiLit? Literature true obliquity ({Psi}_literature_)degsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatnullableE_psiLit? Upper error on literature true obliquitydegstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_psiLit? Lower error on literature true obliquitydegstat.errorfloatnullableTeffStar effective temperature (T_eff_)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintE_TeffUpper error on star effective temperatureKstat.error;stat.maxinte_TeffLower error on star effective temperatureKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintr_TeffStar effective temperature referencemeta.ref;pos.framechariorbPlanet orbital inclination (i)degsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatE_iorbUpper error on planet orbital inclinationdegstat.error;stat.maxfloate_iorbLower error on planet orbital inclinationdegstat.errorfloatr_iorbPlanet orbital inclination referencemeta.ref;pos.framecharRstarStellar radius (R_*_)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatE_RstarUpper error on stellar radiussolRadstat.error;stat.maxfloate_RstarLower error on stellar radiussolRadstat.errorfloatr_RstarStellar radius reference (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharvsini? Projected rotational velocity (vsini*)km/sphys.veloc.rotatfloatnullablee_vsini? Lower error on projected rotational velocitykm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatnullabler_vsiniProjected rotational velocity referencemeta.refcharProt? Star rotational period (P_rot_)dtime.periodfloatnullableE_Prot? Upper error on star rotational perioddstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Prot? Lower error on star rotational perioddstat.errorfloatnullablef_Prot[0/1]? Upper limit flag of Prot (0 = known value, 1 = upper limit)meta.codeintnullabler_ProtStar rotational period referencemeta.ref;pos.framecharAge? Stellar age (age)Gyrtime.agefloatnullableE_Age? Upper error on stellar ageGyrstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Age? Lower error on stellar ageGyrstat.error;time.agefloatnullabler_AgeStellar age referencemeta.ref;pos.framecharpsi? True obliquity ({Psi}) (3)degsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatnullableE_psi? Upper error on true obliquity (3)degstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_psi? Lower error on true obliquity (3)degstat.errorfloatnullablei*? Stellar inclination (i_*_) (3)degsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatnullableE_i*? Upper error on stellar inclination (3)degstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_i*? Lower error on stellar inclination (3)degstat.errorfloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainr_psiLitLiterature true obliquity referencemeta.ref;pos.framechar