Re-classification of high-redshift QSOs J/A+A/704/A343 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/704/A343 CDS Meusinger H. 2026-03-02T06:25:50Z 2025-12-22T12:41:14Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr visible-astronomy spectroscopy galaxies quasars stellar-spectral-types white-dwarf-stars supernovae The discovery of outsiders in the form of unusual, rare, or even unknown object types is important as they can provide useful information about otherwise hidden physical phenomena and processes. The present study takes advantage of the fact that the automated spectroscopic pipeline of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) occasionally assigns uncommon spectra to high-redshift quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). This study presents an analysis of about 4000 spectra that are QSOs with redshifts z>4.5 according to the spectroscopic pipeline of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR16. It turns out that, after excluding non-classifiable spectra of low quality and those from three special plates, only 26% are high-z QSOs, 50% are QSOs at lower redshifts, 16% are galaxies, and 8% are stars. A significant proportion of the latter three categories prove to be unusual and are re-assigned here to a variety of rare spectral types. The results of the re-evaluation are summarised in the catalogue. 2025A&A...704A.343M https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/704/A343 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to VII/289 : SDSS quasar catalog, sixteenth data release (DR16Q) (Lyke+, 2020) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/704/A343 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/704/A343 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/704/A343 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/704/A343 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/704/A343 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/704/A343 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/A+A/704/A343/tablea1 (Re-classified apparent high-z QSOs) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/704/A343/tablea1? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/704/A343/tablea1? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/704/A343/tablea1? 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36844-36845 36850 36856 36863 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/704/A343?format=ascii Optical default J/A+A/704/A343/tablea1 Re-classified apparent high-z QSOs recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Seq [1/3955] Running catalogue number meta.id int RAJ2000 Right ascension (J2000) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main DEJ2000 Declination (J2000) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main Name Name of spectrum (spect-plate-mjd-fiber) meta.id;meta.main char Target SDSS target type src.class char Nsp Number of spectra at this position meta.number int zSDSS Spectroscopic redshift from SDSS src.redshift;pos.heliocentric float e_zSDSS []? Redshift error from SDSS stat.error double nullable Survey Survey name meta.id char Class Spectroscopic class from SDSS src.class char Subclass Spectroscopic subclass from SDSS src.class char zQC ? Redshift from DR16Q (1) src.redshift;pos.heliocentric float nullable zHere ? Redshift from present study src.redshift;pos.heliocentric float nullable rzHere [0/5] Estimated reliability of new redshift (2) meta.code.qual;src.redshift int Selected [0/1] selected as best version of SDSS spectrum at this location among SDSS plates according to present study meta.code int Type Spectroscopic type (3) src.class char Subtype Spectroscopic subtype (4) src.class char BadQuality Remark on bad quality (5) meta.note char Remark Remarks (6) meta.note char Sp Interactive spectrum from SDSS-DR16 src.spType char