J/A+A/704/A276ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/704/A276CDSWallstroem S.H.J.Scicluna P.Srinivasan S.Wouterloot J.G.A.,McDonald I.Decock L.Wijshoff M.Chen R.Torres D.Umans L.,Willebrords B.Kemper F.Rau G.Feng S.Jeste M.Kaminski T.Li D.,Liu F.C.Trejo-Cruz A.Chawner H.Goldman S.MacIsaac H.Tang J.,Zeegers S.T.Danilovich T.Matsuura M.Menten K.M.van Loon J.T.,Cami J.Clark C.J.R.Dharmawardena T.E.Greaves J.He J.Imai H.,Jones O.C.Kim H.Marshall J.P.Shinnaga H.Wesson R.,the NESS Collaboration2026-03-02T06:25:50Z2025-12-19T09:44:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsurveysradio-sourcesco-line-emissionLow- to intermediate-mass (~0.8-8M_{sun}_) evolved stars contribute significantly to the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium in the local Universe. It is therefore crucial to accurately measure the mass return in their final evolutionary stages. The Nearby Evolved Stars Survey (NESS) is a large multi-telescope project targeting a volume-limited sample of ~850 stars within 3kpc in order to derive the dust and gas return rates in the solar neighbourhood, and to constrain the physics underlying these processes. We present an initial analysis of the CO-line observations, including detection statistics, carbon isotopic ratios, initial mass-loss rates, and gas-to-dust ratios. We describe a new data reduction pipeline for homogeneity, which we use to analyse the available NESS CO data from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, measuring line parameters and calculating empirical gas mass-loss rates. We present the first release of the available data on 485 sources, one of the largest homogeneous samples of CO data to date. Comparison with a large combined literature sample finds that high mass-loss rate and especially carbon-rich sources are over-represented in literature, while NESS is probing significantly more sources at low mass-loss rates, detecting 59 sources in CO for the first time and providing useful upper limits on non- detections. CO line detection rates are 81% for the CO (2-1) line and 75% for CO (3-2). The majority (82%) of detected lines conform to the expected soft parabola shape, while eleven sources show a double wind. Calculated mass-loss rates show power-law relations with both the dust-production rates and expansion velocities, up to a mass-loss rate saturation value ~5x10^-6^M_{sun}_/yr. Median gas-to-dust ratios of 250 and 680 are found for oxygen-rich and carbon-rich sources, respectively. Our analysis of CO observations in this first data release highlights the importance of our volume-limited approach in characterizing the local AGB population as a whole.2025A&A...704A.276Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/704/A276CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/512/1091 : NESS II. Infrared and Sub-mm results (Scicluna+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/704/A276https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/704/A276http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/704/A276https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/704/A276https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/704/A276http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/704/A276GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/704/A276/tablec1 (*CO observations and estimated parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/704/A276/tablec1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/704/A276/tablec1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/704/A276/tablec1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.719821743.083990.0055555555555555566/15 676 846 883 889 959 1015 1238 1345 1350 1619 1634 1727 1784 1889 1892 1977 1986 2018 2031 2040 2203 2282 2428 2500 2528 2694 2732 2902 2937 2994 3209 3221 3256 3262 3265 3272 3359 3394 3438 3446 3459 3462 3469 3491 3628 3640 3666 3765-3766 3801 3951 4290 4306 4355 4365 4614 4972 5273 5489 5574 5647 6007 6251 6444 6714 6803 6919 7119 7152 7545 7619 7673 7919 8162 8430 8475 8492 8532 8603 8611 8678 8926 9074 9137 9142 9258 9589 9620 9750 9813 9939 9968 10107 10137 10167 10609 10696 10960 11017 11097 11165 11188 11519 11544 11597 11747 11866 11928 12137 12300 12333 12382 12544 12703 12829 12877 12882 12988 13023 13080 13088 13110 13113 13385 13392 13454 13463 13579 13615 13623 13666 13677 13683 13711 13783 13803 13813 13845 13861 13968 14027 14048 14161 14175 14196 14259 14301 14319 14336 14371 14391 14396 14399 14454 14457 14490 14508 14550 14619 14624 14632 14659 14689 14729 14736 14738 14811 14834 14846 14878 14894 14968 15044 15105 15122 15135 15396 15401 15415 15449 15475 15620 15640-15641 15650 15663 15674 15877 15939 16019 16132 16147 16175 16224 16232-16233 16452 16783 16807 16812 17192 17271 17502 17716 17763 18256 18364 18634 18691 18998 19103 19186 19279 19293 19490 19629 20022 20212 20600 20626 20699 20715 20761 20764 20824 20843 21050 21224 21241 21255 21457 21494 21710 21854 22051 22144 22156 22161 22170 22233 22241 22271 22333 22434 22556 22806 22860 22881 22941 23095 23423 23471 23606 23611 23876 23996 24151 24164 24389 24443 24448 24501 24563 24605 24611 25228 25246 25489 25543-25544 26070 26180 26319 26327 26345 26654 27788 28028 28685 28692 28711 28731 28773-28774 28779 28796 28800 28807 28821 28829 28846-28847 28851 28868 28880 28908 28917 28922 28927 28981 28996 28998 29000 29043 29072 29108 29116 29123 29136 29207 29222 29237 29286 29318 29438 29474 29539 29545 29550 29597 29626 29690 29701 29705 29817 29841 29855 29859 29886 29963 30011 30034-30035 30069 30087 30123 30189 30220 30234 30243-30244 30247 30260-30261 30265 30345 30397 30445 30479 30481 30567 30602-30603 30606 30614 30624 30634 30664 30687 30958 31231 31292 31366 31629 31828 31837 31938 32015 32062 32081 32123 32142 32189 32254 32259 32271 32322 32331 32519 32626 32661 33739 33919 34158 34279 34576 34792 35506 35641 36028 36222 36233 36317 36320 36655 36765 38130 38660 39355 39371 39504 39631 39637 39714 39724 39899 39905 40094 40150 40235 40246 40466 40566 40686 40795 40878 41849 41937 41945 41974 42332 42370 42436 42467 42483 42489 42492 42584 42730 42774 42818 42833 42840 42850 42895 43132 43480 43494 43572 43726 43842 43861 43890 44018 44198 44248 44417 44546 44748 44857 46318 46387 46795 46932 46938 47414 47484 47508 47637 47664 47736-47737 47822 47963 47967 48006 48038 48097 48133 48301 48330 48604 48650 48700 48753 48903 48918 49123https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/704/A276?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/704/A276/tablec1*CO observations and estimated parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSIMBADIDSIMBAD identifier (SIMBAD_ID)meta.idcharTierGrouping from Scicluna et al. (2022MNRAS.512.1091S,) based on location in distance-DPR space (very low, low, intermediate, high, or extreme) (Tier)meta.notecharCO(2-1)rms? RMS noise in the CO(2-1) line (CO(2-1)_rms)Kinstr.det.noisefloatnullableGasDustCO(3-2)? Gas-to-dust ratio derived from the CO(3-2) line (GasDust_CO(3-2))phys.mass;arith.ratiodoublenullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharPeakCO(2-1)? Peak intensity of the CO(2-1) line (Peak_CO(2-1))Kphot.fluxfloatnullablee_PeakCO(2-1)? Uncertainty in the peak intensity of the CO(2-1) line (Peak_CO(2-1)_error)Kstat.errorfloatnullablevinfCO(2-1)? Expansion velocity of the shell derived from the CO(2-1) line (uncertainty 1km/s) (v_inf_CO(2-1))km/sphys.veloc.expansionfloatnullableIntCO(2-1)? Integrated intensity of the CO(2-1) line (Int_CO(2-1))K.km/sphot.flux.densityfloatnullablee_IntCO(2-1)[]? Uncertainty in the integrated intensity of the CO(2-1) line (Int_CO(2-1)_error)K.km/sstat.errorfloatnullableNchanCO(2-1)? Number of velocity channels in the CO(2-1) spectral band (nchan_CO(2-1))meta.numberintnullableInt13CO(2-1)? Integrated intensity of the 13CO(2-1) line (Int_13CO(2-1))K.km/sphot.flux.densityfloatnullablee_Int13CO(2-1)? Uncertainty in the integrated intensity of the 13CO(2-1) line (Int_13CO(2-1)_error)K.km/sstat.errorfloatnullablePeakCO(3-2)? Peak intensity of the CO(3-2) line (Peak_CO(3-2))Kphot.fluxfloatnullablee_PeakCO(3-2)? Uncertainty in the peak intensity of the CO(3-2) line (Peak_CO(3-2)_error)Kstat.errorfloatnullablevinfCO(3-2)? Expansion velocity of the shell derived from the CO(3-2) line (uncertainty 1km/s) (v_inf_CO(3-2))km/sphys.veloc.expansionfloatnullableIntCO(3-2)? Integrated intensity of the CO(3-2) line (Int_CO(3-2))K.km/sphot.flux.densityfloatnullablee_IntCO(3-2)[]? Uncertainty in the integrated intensity of the CO(3-2) line (Int_CO(3-2)_error)K.km/sstat.errorfloatnullableNchanCO(3-2)? Number of velocity channels in the CO(3-2) spectral band (nchan_CO(3-2))meta.numberintnullableCO(3-2)rms? RMS noise in the CO(3-2) line (CO(3-2)_rms)instr.det.noisefloatnullableInt13CO(3-2)? Integrated intensity of the 13CO(3-2) line (Int_13CO(3-2))K.km/sphot.flux.densityfloatnullablee_Int13CO(3-2)? Uncertainty in the integrated intensity of the 13CO(3-2) line (Int_13CO(3-2)_error)K.km/sstat.errorfloatnullableMLRCO(2-1)? Empirical mass-loss rate derived from the CO(2-1) line using the Ramstedt et al. (2008A&A...487..645R) formula (MLR_CO(2-1))solMass/yrphys.mass.lossdoublenullablee_MLRCO(2-1)? Uncertainty in the mass-loss rate derived from the CO(2-1) line (MLR_CO(2-1)_error)solMass/yrstat.errordoublenullablef_CO(2-1)[0/1] Flag designating whether the CO(2-1) line is detected (0) or is below 3 times the RMS (1) (CO(2-1)_upperlimit)meta.codeintMLRCO(3-2)? Empirical mass-loss rate derived from the CO(3-2) line using the Ramstedt et al. (2008A&A...487..645R) formula (MLR_CO(3-2))solMass/yrphys.mass.lossdoublenullablee_MLRCO(3-2)? Uncertainty in the mass-loss rate derived from the CO(3-2) line (MLR_CO(3-2)_error)solMass/yrstat.errordoublenullablef_CO(3-2)[0/1] Flag denoting whether the CO(3-2) line is detected (0) or is below 3 times the RMS (1) (CO(3-2)_upperlimit)meta.codeint_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainIsoRatio(2-1)Isotopic ratio 12CO/13CO derived from the (2-1) lines (IsoRatio(2-1))solMass/yrphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatIsoRatio(3-2)Isotopic ratio 12CO/13CO derived from the (3-2) lines (IsoRatio(3-2))solMass/yrphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatDPRDust-production rate from SED fit (DPR)phys.mass.lossdoublee_DPRUncertainty in the dust-production rate (DPR_error)stat.errordoubleGasDustCO(2-1)? Gas-to-dust ratio derived from the CO(2-1) line (GasDust_CO(2-1))phys.mass;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_GasDustCO(2-1)? Uncertainty in the gas-to-dust ratio derived from the CO(2-1) line (GasDust_CO(2-1)_error)stat.errorfloatnullablee_GasDustCO(3-2)? Uncertainty in the gas-to-dust ratio derived from the CO(3-2) line (GasDust_CO(3-2)_error)stat.errordoublenullableSoftParaCO(2-1)? Flag denoting whether the CO(2-1) line shape is a soft parabola (1) or not (0) (SoftParabola_CO(2-1))meta.codeintnullableSoftParaCO(3-2)? Flag denoting whether the CO(3-2) line shape is a soft parabola (1) or not (0) (SoftParabola_CO(3-2))meta.codeintnullableOptThin12CO(2-1)[0/1] Flag denoting whether the CO(2-1) line is optically thin (1) or not (0) (OptThin_12CO(2-1))meta.codeintOptThin12CO(3-2)[0/1] Flag denoting whether the CO(3-2) line is optically thin (1) or not (0) (OptThin_12CO(3-2))meta.codeintFirstDet[0/1] Flag denoting whether the NESS observation is the first CO detection for the source (1) or not (0) (First_det)meta.codeint_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainIRASPSCIRAS PSC identifier (IRASPSC)meta.id;meta.maincharChemtype[O/C] Chemical type based on mid-IR spectra [O for O-rich, C for C-rich]; see Section 2.4 (Chem_type)meta.note;src.morph.typechar