J/A+A/704/A167ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/704/A167CDSSharma I.Jadhav V.Subramaniam A.Wirth H.2026-03-02T06:25:50Z2025-12-11T09:06:38ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxysurveysopen-star-clustersastrometryThis research presents unsupervised machine learning and statistical methods to identify and analyze tidal tails in open star clusters using data from the Gaia DR3 catalog. We aim to identify member stars, detect and analyze tidal tails in five open clusters, BH 164, Alessi 2, NGC 2281, NGC 2354, and M67, of ages between 60Myr and 4Gyr. These clusters were selected based on the previous evidence of extended tidal structures. We utilized machine learning algorithms such as Density-based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), along with statistical methods to analyze the kinematic, photometric, and astrometric properties of stars. Key characteristics of tidal tails, including radial velocity, color-magnitude diagram, and spatial projections in the tangent plane beyond the cluster's Jacobi radius, were used to detect them. We used N-body simulations to visualize and compare the observables with real data. Further analysis was done on the detected cluster and tail stars to study their internal dynamics and populations, including binary fraction. We also applied the residual velocity method to detect rotational patterns in the clusters and their tails. We identified tidal tails in all five clusters, with detected tails extending farther in some clusters and containing significantly more stars than previously reported (tails ranging from 40 to 100pc, one to four times the Jacobi radius, with 100-200 tail stars). The luminosity functions of the tails and their parent clusters were generally consistent, and tails lacked massive stars. In general, the binary fraction was found to be higher in the tidal tails. Significant rotation was detected in M67 and NGC 2281 for the first time.2025A&A...704A.167Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/704/A167CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/A+A/686/A42 : Improving the open cluster census. III. (Hunt+, 2024)J/A+A/659/A59 : Structural parameters of 389 local open clustersJ/A+A/694/A258 : Tidal tails of nearby open clusters (Risbud+, 2025)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/704/A167https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/704/A167http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/704/A167https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/704/A167https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/704/A167http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/704/A167GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/704/A167/members (*Cluster and tidal tail members of five open clusters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/704/A167/members?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/704/A167/members?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/704/A167/members?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true222.20416306-66.723613890.0055555555555555565/485 492 494 1063 1074-1075 1080 1677 1679 1690 1701 1712-1713 9978 10388-10389 6/1847 1853-1855 1888 1890 1896 1898 1939 1945-1950 1972 1974 1984 3344 4241 4243-4244 4246-4247 4249-4251 4273 4276-4277 4285 4290 4294 4324-4326 4329 6683 6685-6687 6752 6754-6755 6758 6764 6766 6812-6813 6860-6861 6864 6866 39861 39863 39869 39904 39906-39907 41211 41214-41215 41386-41387 41390 41560-41561 41564-41566 41728-41729 41732 417341.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/704/A167?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/704/A167/members*Cluster and tidal tail members of five open clustersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster name (Cluster)meta.id.parentcharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source id (source_id)meta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (ra)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (dec)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainplxAbsolute stellar parallax (parallax)maspos.parallax.trigdoublepmRAProper motion in right ascension (pmra)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEProper motion in declination (pmdec)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleBP-RP? Gaia DR3 BP minus RP colour (bp_rp)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatnullableGmagGaia DR3 mean G magnitude (phot_g_mean_mag)magphot.mag;em.optdoubleGMAGAbsolute G magnitude (derived) (abs_mag)magphys.magAbsdoubleRV? Radial velocity (radial_velocity)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullableflagCluster[0/1] Flag indicating the star is a cluster member (flag_cluster)meta.code.errorintflagTidalTail[0/1] Flag indicating the star in the tidal tail (flag_tidal_tail)meta.code.errorintflagLeadingTail[0/1] Flag indicating the star in the leading tail (flag_leading_tail)meta.code.errorintflagTrailingTail[0/1] Flag indicating the star in the trailing tail (flag_trailing_tail)meta.code.errorint_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decindexed