J/A+A/703/A113ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/703/A113doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-nz/lbbdCDSLarsen S.S.Ferguson A.M.N.Howell J.M.Annibali F.Cuillandre J.-C.,Hunt L.K.Lancon A.Saifollahi T.Massari D.Le M.N.Aghanim N.,Altieri B.Amara A.Andreon S.Auricchio N.Baccigalupi C.Baldi M.,Balestra A.Bardelli S.Battaglia P.Biviano A.Branchini E.,Brescia M.Brinchmann J.Camera S.Capobianco V.Carbone C.,Carretero J.Casas S.Castellano M.Castignani G.Cavuoti S.,Chambers K.C.Cimatti A.Colodro-Conde C.Congedo G.Conselice C.J.,Conversi L.Copin Y.Courbin F.Courtois H.M.Cropper M.Da Silva A.,Degaudenzi H.De Lucia G.Dole H.Douspis M.Dubath F.Dupac X.,Dusini S.Escoffier S.Fabricius M.Farina M.Faustini F.Ferriol S.,Fotopoulou S.Frailis M.Franceschi E.Galeotta S.George K.Gillis B.,Giocoli C.Gomez-Alvarez P.Gracia-Carpio J.Grazian A.Grupp F.,Haugan S.V.H.Hoekstra H.Holmes W.Hormuth F.Hornstrup A.Jahnke K.,Jhabvala M.Keihaenen E.Kermiche S.Kiessling A.Kohley R.Kubik B.,Kuijken K.Kuemmel M.Kunz M.Kurki-Suonio H.Le Brun A.M.C.Ligori S.,Lilje P.B.Lindholm V.Lloro I.Maino D.Maiorano E.Mansutti O.,Marggraf O.Markovic K.Martinelli M.Martinet N.Marulli F.Massey R.,Medinaceli E.Mei S.Mellier Y.Meneghetti M.Meylan G.Mora A.,Moresco M.Moscardini L.Neissner C.Niemi S.-M.Padilla C.Paltani S.,Pasian F.Pedersen K.Percival W.J.Pettorino V.Pires S.Polenta G.,Poncet M.Popa L.A.Pozzetti L.Raison F.Renzi A.Rhodes J.,Riccio G.Romelli E.Roncarelli M.Saglia R.Sakr Z.Sapone D.,Sartoris B.Schewtschenko J.A.Schirmer M.Schneider P.Secroun A.,Seidel G.Seiffert M.Serrano S.Simon P.Sirignano C.Sirri G.,Skottfelt J.Stanco L.Steinwagner J.Tallada-Crespi P.Taylor A.N.,Tereno I.Toledo-Moreo R.Torradeflot F.Tsyganov A.Tutusaus I.,Valenziano L.Valiviita J.Vassallo T.Verdoes Kleijn G.Veropalumbo A.,Wang Y.Weller J.Zamorani G.Zerbi F.M.Zucca E.Martin-Fleitas J.,Scottez V.2026-08-03T06:58:59Z2025-11-20T08:35:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesglobular-star-clustersinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyWe examine the star cluster populations in the three nearby (3.20-3.45Mpc) galaxies IC 342, NGC 2403, and Holmberg II, observed as part of the Euclid Early Release Observations programme. Our main focus in this paper is on old globular clusters (GCs), for which the wide field-of-view and excellent image quality of Euclid offer substantial advantages over previous work. For IC 342, in particular, this is the first study of stellar clusters other than its nuclear cluster. After selection based on size and magnitude criteria, followed by visual inspection, we identify 111 old (>1Gyr) GC candidates in IC 342, 49 in NGC 2403 (of which 15 were previously known), and 7 in Holmberg II. In addition, a number of younger and/or intermediate-age candidates are identified. The colour distributions of GC candidates in the two larger galaxies show hints of bimodality with peaks at (I_E_-H_E_)=0.36 and 0.79 in both IC 342 and NGC 2403, corresponding to metallicities of [Fe/H]=-1.5 and [Fe/H]=-0.5, similar to those found for the metal-poor and metal-rich GC subpopulations in the Milky Way. The luminosity functions of our GC candidates exhibit an excess of relatively faint objects, relative to a canonical, approximately Gaussian GC luminosity function (GCLF). Although some contamination from background galaxies and younger clusters may be present in our GC samples, we argue that the excess may be partly real, particularly in IC 342 where the excess objects may be similar to those previously identified in galaxies such as M101 and NGC 6946. The specific frequency of classical old GCs in IC 342, as determined based on the brighter half of the GCLF, appears to be unusually low with SN = 0.2-0.3. The combined luminosity function of young and intermediate-age clusters in all three galaxies is consistent with a power-law distribution, dN/dL proportional to L^(-2.3+/-0.1)^.2025A&A...703A.113Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/703/A113CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/703/A113https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/703/A113http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/703/A113https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/703/A113https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/703/A113http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/703/A113GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/703/A113/tablea1 (Catalogue of cluster candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/703/A113/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/703/A113/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/703/A113/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true55.831661668.13042630.0055555555555555566/3505-3507 7741 7743 77991.1144155533189453e-19 1.8281296955425429e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/703/A113?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/703/A113/tablea1Catalogue of cluster candidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDCluster ID (ESCC-IC342-NNN, ESCC-NGC2403-NNN or ESCC-HoII-NNN)meta.id;meta.maincharMasterIDID in master cataloguemeta.id;meta.tableintOtherIDOther ID (1)meta.idcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainIEmagEuclid IE (550-900nm) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloate_IEmagUncertainty on Euclid IE magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatYEmagEuclid YE (10866.24{AA}) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_YEmagUncertainty on Euclid YE magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatJEmagEuclid JE (13766.64{AA}) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_JEmagUncertainty on Euclid JE magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatHEmagEuclid HE (17825.15{AA}) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_HEmagUncertainty on Euclid HE magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatumag? u magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_umag? Uncertainty on u magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablegmag? g magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmag? Uncertainty on g magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablermag? r magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmag? Uncertainty on r magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableFWHM? PSF-corrected FWHM in Euclid VIS pixels (2)pixphys.angSizefloatnullableB/A? Minor/major axis ratio (2)phys.size.axisRatiofloatnullableClass[1/10] Visual classification (3)meta.codeintAgeAge group (4)meta.codechar