J/A+A/702/A34ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/702/A34doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-ny/ldeCDSNoboriguchi A.Ichikawa K.Toba Y.Dwelly T.Inayoshi K.Kawaguchi T.,Liu T.Terashima Y.Ueda Y.Akiyama M.Brusa M.Buchner J.Kohno K.,Merloni A.Nagao T.Salvato M.Suh H.Urrutia T.2026-08-03T06:58:22Z2025-10-01T08:34:58ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsurveysx-ray-sourcesactive-galactic-nucleiradio-sourcesvisible-astronomysloan-photometryinfrared-astronomyThe tight relation between a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and host galaxy masses suggests co-evolution of the SMBH with its host galaxy. Dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs) are considered to be in a co-evolution phase, with the associated active galactic nuclei (AGN) obscured by dust and gas. Although the DOGs are thought to harbor rapidly growing SMBHs, their X-ray statistical properties, crucial for understanding the properties of obscuring gas as well as the accretion disk state and the hot electron corona around the SMBHs, remain unexplored due to the combination of the low number density of DOGs and the lack of X-ray surveys achieving both of the wide-area and uniformly high-sensitivity observations. We construct a sample of X-ray-detected DOGs in the eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS) field and examine their X-ray statistical properties. To construct the DOGs sample, we combined data from Subaru/HSC SSP (optical), VIKING (near-infrared), and WISE (mid-infrared) all-sky surveys. We then cross-matched the sample with eROSITA-detected sources to select X-ray-detected DOGs. Our results reveal the discovery of 5738 IR-bright DOGs in the footprint covered by both of the eFEDS and VIKING surveys (60deg^2^), with 65 objects identified as X-ray-detected DOGs (eFEDS-DOGs). Among them, 41 eFEDS-DOGs show a power-law slope in the near to mid-IR bands (power-law DOGs), indicating dust-obscured AGN. The hydrogen column density (NH) suggests that eFEDS-DOGs cover even unobscured AGN, spanning 10^20^<NH/cm^-2^<~10^23^. On the other hand, the majority of IR-bright DOGs are not detected by eROSITA, suggesting that most IR-bright DOGs are heavily obscured by dust and gas with NH/cm^-2^>10^23^. Therefore, eFEDS-DOGs, discovered thanks to the wide-area survey by eROSITA, are newly found populations showing less obscured phases among the lifetime of DOGs. This feature possibly traces the onset of the decrease of the dust and gas obscuration phase of AGN in DOGs; possibly caused by gas stripping/outflows in the AGN feedback phase. Additionally, some eFEDS-DOGs exhibit deviations, down to nearly 1.0dex below the monochromatic luminosity at 6um (L6um ) versus absorption-corrected intrinsic X-ray luminosity between 0.5-2keV (L^(abs,corr)^_0.5-2keV_) relation, suggesting that it may signal high Eddington ratios reaching the Eddington limit. Such a deviation could be realized only when the accretion disk is in a phase of high Eddington ratios, possibly reaching Eddington limit. This suggests that eFEDS-DOGs are prominent candidates for very rapidly growing black holes reaching close to over the Eddington accretion rate and just beginning the onset of intensive AGN feedback.2025A&A...702A..34Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/702/A34CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/876/132 : IR-bright DOGs viewed with Subaru HSC (Noboriguchi+, 2019)J/A+A/661/A1 : The eFEDS X-ray catalogs (V7.4) (Brunner+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A3 : eFEDS counterparts to point-like sources (Salvato+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A5 : The eFEDS AGN catalog (Liu+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/702/A34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/702/A34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/702/A34https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/702/A34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/702/A34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/702/A34GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/702/A34/tablea1 (eFEDS-DOG catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A34/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A34/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A34/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true138.1940.11980.0055555555555555565/5468 6825-6826 6/4097-4101 4106 21831 21837 21839 21843-21844 21848-21850 21854-21855 21878-21879 27275 27278 27296 27311-27312 27314-27315 27321 40955-40957 409598.157980699529898e-21 6.513807192489934e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/702/A34?format=asciiX-rayOpticalInfraredRadiodefaultJ/A+A/702/A34/tablea1eFEDS-DOG catalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHSCHSC identifier, JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s (HSC_ID)meta.id;meta.mainchare_FobsSObserved flux in observed-frame 0.5-2.0keV error from Liu et al. (2022A&A...661A...5L, Cat. J/A+A/661/A5) (FOBS0520_err)mW.m**-2stat.errordoubleRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) from HSC coordinates (HSC_RA)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Decination (J2000) from HSC coordinates (HSC_DEC)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainHSCg? Subaru/HSC g-band magnitude (HSC_g)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_HSCg? Subaru/HSC g-band magnitude error (HSC_g_err)magstat.errordoublenullableHSCrSubaru/HSC r-band magnitude HSC g-band magnitude (HSC_r)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_HSCrSubaru/HSC r-band magnitude error (HSC_r_err)magstat.errordoubleHSCiSubaru/HSC i-band magnitude (HSC_i)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_HSCiSubaru/HSC i-band magnitude error (HSC_i_err)magstat.errordoubleHSCzSubaru/HSC z-band magnitude (HSC_z)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_HSCzSubaru/HSC z-band magnitude error (HSC_z_err)magstat.errordoubleHSCySubaru/HSC y-band magnitude (HSC_y)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_HSCySubaru/HSC g-band magnitude error (HSC_y_err)magstat.errordoubleVIKINGZ? VIKING Z-band magnitude (VIKING_Z)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_VIKINGZ? VIKING Z-band magnitude error (VIKING_Z_err)magstat.errorfloatnullableVIKINGY? VIKING Y-band magnitude (VIKING_Y)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_VIKINGY? VIKING Y-band magnitude error (VIKING_Y_err)magstat.errorfloatnullableVIKINGJ? VIKING J-band magnitude (VIKING_J)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_VIKINGJ? VIKING J-band magnitude error (VIKING_J_err)magstat.errorfloatnullableVIKINGH? VIKING H-band magnitude (VIKING_H)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_VIKINGH? VIKING H-band magnitude error (VIKING_H_err)magstat.errorfloatnullableVIKINGKsVIKING Ks-band magnitude (VIKING_Ks)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_VIKINGKsVIKING Ks-band magnitude error (VIKING_Ks_err)magstat.errorfloatWISEW1WISE W1-band magnitude (WISE_W1)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_WISEW1WISE W1-band magnitude error (WISE_W1_err)magstat.errordoubleWISEW2WISE W2-band magnitude (WISE_W2)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_WISEW2WISE W2-band magnitude error (WISE_W2_err)magstat.errordoublel_WISEW2[0/1] Upper limit flag WISE (WISE_W2_U_F)meta.code.errorintWISEW3WISE W2-band magnitude (WISE_W3)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloate_WISEW3WISE W3-band magnitude error (WISE_W3_err)magstat.errordoublel_WISEW3[0/1] Upper limit flag WISE (WISE_W3_U_F)meta.code.errorintWISEW4WISE W4-band magnitude (WISE_W4)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloate_WISEW4WISE W4-band magnitude error (WISE_W4_err)magstat.errorfloatMIRClass[012] MIR classification (MIR_CLASS) (1)meta.code.classcharalpha-grizy? Spectral index, {alpha}^opt^_grizy_ (ALPHA_GRIZY)spect.indexdoublenullablealpha-gri? Spectral index, {alpha}^opt^_gri_ (ALPHA_GRI)spect.indexdoublenullableOptClass[01] Optical classification (OPTICAL_CLASS) (2)meta.code.classcharID-SRCID of the sources in the eFEDS main X-ray catalog (Brunner et al., 2022A&A...661A...1B, Cat. J/A+A/661/A1)meta.idcharFobsSObserved flux in observed-frame 0.5-2.0keV from Liu et al. (2022A&A...661A...5L, Cat. J/A+A/661/A5) (FOBS0520)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.softdoublelogLintS0Absorption corrected intrinsic luminosity in rest-frame 0.5-2.0keV from Liu et al. (2022A&A...661A...5L, Cat. J/A+A/661/A5) (Log10LINT0520_ABSCORR)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloate_logLintS0Absorption corrected intrinsic luminosity in rest-frame 0.5-2.0keV error from Liu et al. (2022A&A...661A...5L, Cat. J/A+A/661/A5) (Log10LINT0520_ABSCORR_err)log(1e-07W)stat.errordoublezRedshift of the optical counterpart from Salvato et al. (2022A&A...661A...3S, Cat. J/A+A/661/A3) (REDSHIFT)src.redshiftdoubleq_z[3/5] Redshift Grade from Salvato et al. (2022A&A...661A...3S, Cat. J/A+A/551/A3) (REDSHIFT_GRADE)meta.code.qual;src.redshiftintlogLintSAbsorption non-corrected luminosity in rest-frame 0.5-2.0 keV (Log10L0520_ABSNONCORR)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloate_logLintSAbsorption non-corrected luminosity in rest-frame 0.5-2.0 keV error (Log10L0520_ABSNONCORR_err)log(1e-07W)stat.errordoublelogNHHydrogen column density (N_H_) from Liu et al. (2022A&A...661A...5L, Cat. J/A+A/661/A5) (Log10NH)log(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatlogL6CIGALEMonochromatic luminosity at rest-frame 6um (L_6um_) (Log10L6_CIGALE)log(cm**-2)phys.luminosity;em.radiofloate_logL6CIGALEMonochromatic luminosity at rest-frame 6um (L_6um_) error (Log10L6_CIGALE_err)log(cm**-2)stat.errordoubleGammaPhoton index ({Gamma}) from Liu et al. (2022A&A...661A...5L, Cat. J/A+A/661/A5) (Photon_index)meta.code;spect.indexdoubleHardDetect[Y/N] Hard X-ray detection result (Y=yes, N=no) (Hard_Detection)meta.codechar