J/A+A/702/A258ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/702/A258doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-ny/lcfiCDSDobrycheva D.V.Hetmantsev O.O.Vavilova I.B.Shportko A.Gugnin O.,Kompaniiets O.V.2026-08-28T12:23:27Z2025-10-28T15:08:13ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesredshiftedvisible-astronomyPolar ring galaxies (PRGs) play an important role in understanding the evolution of galaxies, especially as unique cases of gas accretion and merging process between early and late morphological galaxy types. Regardless of their spectacular shape, these objects are very few in number and hard to find. Most of them were visually discovered, and then several of them were photometrically validated and kinematically confirmed galaxies (PRGs) are vary rare objects that are important for understanding galaxy evolution. The aim of our research is to create a catalogue of candidates for PRGs using existing catalogues of PRGs. After revision of existing catalogues to develop an image-based approach with machine learning methods for the search and discovery of PRGs in a big sky survey. We visually inspected galaxies from existing catalogues of PRGs and created a training sample based on high-quality SDSS images. Our training sample is extremely small - only 87 objects where are strong and good PRGs candidates. For the first time, we applied deep learning to search for PRGs. Augmentation, image segmentation, ensemble, and transfer learning techniques were applied to mitigate the problem of an insufficient dataset (87 strong and good PRGs). To search for PRGs, we applied our models to the SDSS catalogue of galaxies at z<0.1 (Vavilova et al., 2022, 2022KNIT...28....3V). Transfer learning with synthetic GALFIT images demonstrated that, despite overtraining, we were able to find galaxies with a ring pattern. Our deep learning approach has resulted in the discovery of three PRGs (SDSS J140644.42+471602.0; SDSS J133650.48+492745.3; SDSS J095717.30+364953.5). Four PRGs were discovered through the visual inspection of ~2200 galaxies from the Catalogue of the SDSS Ring galaxies at z<0.1 (SDSS J095851.32+320422.9; SDSS J104211.05+234448.2; SDSS J162212.63+272032.2; SDSS J104600.10+090627.2). One galaxy discovered with transfer learning, SDSS J140644.42+471602.0, was studied using CIGALE software to determine its spectral energy distribution from IR to UV bands. Finally, we present a catalogue of 179 galaxies, among them 87 objects are strong and good PRG candidates, 79 objects are weak candidates, seven objects are from our current research and six objects from new research of Skrybina et al., 2024 (arXiv:2406.13496), Akhil et al., 2024MNRAS.530.2907A, Freitas-Lemes et al. 2024Ap&SS.369...93F, and Stanonik et al., 2009ApJ...696L...6S. This catalogue will be useful for the CNN approach and theoretical studies. Our strategies represent valuable opportunities for future development of deep learning models to increase PRG identification in sky surveys.2025A&A...702A.258Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/702/A258CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/other/KNIT/28.3 : Galaxies at 0.02<z<0.1 morphological cataloghttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/702/A258https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/702/A258http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/702/A258https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/702/A258https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/702/A258http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/702/A258GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/702/A258/uciprg (*Catalog of inspected polar ring galaxies (updated version, 12-Jun-2026))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A258/uciprg?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A258/uciprg?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A258/uciprg?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true24.730255-7.76560.0055555555555555566/681 2131 2191 2251 4198 4285 4426 4509 4519 4635 4639 4749 4938 5023 5038 5092 5139 5295 5314 5480 5502 5513 5560 5654 5660 5669 5688 5715 5905 5989 6084 6099 6163 6198 6228 6340 6359 6404 6578 6639 7197 7228 7374 7476 8037 8267 8491 8528 8727 8772 8810 8822 8897 8938-8939 8956 9012 9056 9180 9190 9257 9274 9426 9447 9533 9616 9660 9718 9752 9761 9782 9901 9946 10022 10027 10031 10105 10271 10297 10314 10334 10363-10364 10378 10381 10401 10463 10475 10496 10702 10723 10804 10841 10869 10932 11023 11074 11140 11216 11261 11304 11380 11428 11529 11662 11777 12321 12390 12621 17237 17519 17585 17752 17816 17844 18026 18078 18387 18778 18952 19038 19050 19105 19273 19688 19718 19876 20267 20289 21978 22761 25037 25718 26032 26043 26373 26584 27083 27198 27258 27423 27428 27464 27488 27492 27576 27602 27626 27686 27703 27777 27801 27841 27909 27961 28033 28278 28357 28450 28493 28536 28542 28599 28648 30041 30069 31448 31509 31624 31659 31685 31720 31758 33688 36791 46648 49138https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/702/A258?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/702/A258/uciprg*Catalog of inspected polar ring galaxies (updated version, 12-Jun-2026)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameColloquial namemeta.id;meta.maincharSDSSobjID? Long object SDSS identificationmeta.idnullableRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) from SDSSdegpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) from SDSSdegpos.eq.dec;meta.mainCatalogueName of the catalogue or publication from which the object was taken (1)meta.id;meta.tablecharTypeType assigned to the object in the study it was taken from (2)src.classcharSDSSAvailability in SDSS (3)meta.codeintDESILegacyAvailability in DESI Legacy Survey (4)meta.noteVisualSDSSType assigned after visual inspection through SDSS (5)src.classcharVisualDESIType assigned after visual inspection through DESI Legacy Survey (6)src.classcharArtifactSDSS[0/1] Presence of an artifact in the SDSS image (7)meta.codeintArtifactDESI[0/1]? Presence of an artifact in the DESI Legacy Survey image (8)meta.codeintnullablezph? Photometric redshift taken from SDSSsrc.redshiftdoublenullablezsp? Spectroscopic redshift taken from SDSSsrc.redshiftdoublenullablekconfAvailable kinematic confirmation (9)meta.codecharSloanDisplay the SDSS data for this objectmeta.ref.urlchar