J/A+A/702/A178ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/702/A178doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-ny/lbhiCDSAntoniadis K.Zapartas E.Bonanos A.Z.Maravelias G.Vlassis S.,Munoz-Sanchez G.Nally C.Meixner M.Jones O.C.Lenkic L.,Kavanagh P.J.2026-08-03T06:57:57Z2025-10-21T07:47:27ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmagellanic-cloudsmilky-way-galaxystellar-mass-losslate-type-starssupergiant-starsphotometryvisible-astronomyinfrared-astronomyultraviolet-astronomyRed supergiants (RSGs) are cool and evolved massive stars exhibiting enhanced mass loss compared to their main sequence phase, affecting their evolution and fate. However, the theory of the wind-driving mechanism is not well- established and the metallicity dependence has not been determined. We aim to uniformly measure the mass-loss rates of large samples of RSGs in different galaxies with -0.7<~[Z]<~0 to investigate whether there is a potential correlation with metallicity. We collected photometry from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared for all our RSG candidates to construct their spectral energy distribution (SED). Our final sample includes 893 RSG candidates in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), 396 in NGC 6822, 527 in the Milky Way, 1425 in M31, and 1854 in M33. Each SED was modelled using the radiative transfer code DUSTY under the same assumptions to derive the mass-loss rate. The mass-loss rates range from approximately 10^-9^M_{sun}_/yr to 10^-5^M_{sun}_/yr with an average value of 1.5x10^-7^M_{sun}_/yr. We provided a new mass-loss rate relation as a function of luminosity and effective temperature for both the SMC and Milky Way and compared our mass-loss rates with those derived in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The turning point in the mass-loss rate vs. luminosity relation differs by around 0.2dex between the LMC and SMC. The mass-loss rates of the Galactic RSGs at log(L/L_{sun}_)<4.5 were systematically lower than those determined in the other galaxies, possibly due to uncertainties in the interstellar extinction. We found 60-70% of the RSGs to be dusty. The results for M31 and M33 are inconclusive because of source blending at distances above 0.5Mpc, given the resolution of Spitzer. Overall, we found similar mass-loss rates among the galaxies, indicating no strong correlation with metallicity.2025A&A...702A.178Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/702/A178CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/455 : Gaia DR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)II/236 : UBVR CCD survey of the Magellanic clouds (Massey+, 2002)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+, 2003)II/288 : IRSF Magellanic Clouds Point Source Catalog (Kato+ 2007)II/297 : AKARI/IRC mid-IR all-sky Survey (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)II/298 : AKARI/FIS All-Sky Survey Point Source CataloguesII/305 : SAGE LMC and SMC IRAC Source Catalog (IPAC, 2009)II/312 : GALEX-DR5 (GR5) sources from AIS and MIS (Bianchi+, 2011)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+, 2013)II/351 : VISTA Magellanic Survey (VMC) catalog (Cioni+, 2011)II/352 : VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) catalog (McMahon+, 2013)II/349 : Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)II/335 : GALEX UV sources revised catalog (GUVcat_AIS GR6+7)J/PASA/36/33 : SkyMapper Southern Survey: Second data release (DR2)J/AJ/142/103 : Cool evolved stars in SAGE-SMC and SAGE-LMC (Boyer+, 2011)J/A+A/578/A3 : MC new survey of supergiants (Gonzalez-Fernandez+, 2015)J/MNRAS/451/3504 : Classification of IRS sources in the SMC (Ruffle+, 2015)J/A+A/629/A91 : A source catalog for the SMC (Yang+, 2019)J/A+A/647/A167 : Using H-bump to identify RSGs in NGC6822 (Yang+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/702/A178https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/702/A178http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/702/A178https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/702/A178https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/702/A178http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/702/A178GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/702/A178/tablec1 (Catalogue of 893 RSG candidates in the SMC)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A178/tablec1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A178/tablec1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A178/tablec1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true7.980026-73.578530.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/702/A178/tablec2 (Catalogue of 527 RSGs in the Milky Way)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A178/tablec2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A178/tablec2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A178/tablec2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true343.30136561.283440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/702/A178/tablec3 (Catalogue of 396 RSGs candidates in NGC 6822)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A178/tablec3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A178/tablec3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/702/A178/tablec3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true296.16272-14.9099580.0055555555555555565/814 3572 3905 7228 8323 8326 8329 9475 9481-9482 6/1281 1490 1737 1963 2880 2911 2938 2940 3014 3027 3031 3037 3039 3043 3046 3058 3061-3062 3153 3166 3180 3193 3195 3247 3253 3262 3265 3271-3273 3275 3290 3296 3299 3301-3303 3306 3320 3324 3328 3469 3489 3602 3604 3608-3609 3611 3614-3615 3621-3623 3625 3627 3629-3630 3632 3635 3639-3640 3642 3648 3657 3680 3682 3717-3718 3720-3721 3726 3730 3745 3800 6897 12987 13001 13037 14007 14079 14110 14241 14251 14253-14254 14257 14260-14261 14264-14266 14269 14271 14280 14285-14287 14294-14295 14298 14302-14303 14306-14308 14310-14311 14314-14316 14319-14321 14324 14327 14352 14357 14409 14425 14428 14430 14606 14617 14619 14623 14637 14670-14671 14680 14689 14692 15364 15374 15441 15443 15577 15630-15633 15635-15638 15680 15682 15700 15752 17256 20761 20822 20828 20863 21504 21506 21509 21521 21537 21549 21637 21641 21659 21662 21668 21730 22016 22032 22037 22043 22064 22073 22078 22120-22121 22213 22284 23618 23623 23983 24164 24189 24336 24344 24486 24497 28687 28715 28735 28802 28812-28813 28830 28870 28872 28876 28881 28891 28901-28902 28920 28925 28972 29049 29068 29094 29097 29101-29102 29112 29114-29116 29155 29159 29162 29164 29459-29460 29463 29504-29505 29508 29510-29511 29517 29530 29696 29716 29718 30218-30220 30222 30240 30242 30244 30259 30316 30319 30331 30423 30616-30617 30700 30709 30717 30913 31753 32953 32955 32958 33100 33112 33285-33287 33291 33297-33300 33302 33310 33313 33315 33321 33328-33330 37211 37238-37239 37244 37247 37303 37316 37333 37335 37337-37338 37341-37342 37345 37364 37375 37593 37716 37753 37757 37823 37838 37852 37863 37865 37893-37894 37904 37907-37908 37910 37912 37921-37923 37934 37936 38016-38018 38022-38024 38026 38048 38051 38053 38059 38122 38539 39230 39236 39243 39247 39258 39368 39373 39380 39418 39606 39751 39754-39755 39759 39769 39776 39780 39794-39795 39801 39804 39864 39884 39918-39919 39923-39924 39932 40600 40611 40617 40619-40620 40635 41468 41560 41585 41616 41631 41651-41653 41657 41659-41662 41671 41673-41676 41680-41681 41697-41698 41704 41706 41718 41746 41751 41753-41754 41757 41759 41761-41762 41768-41769 41793-41794 41799 41809 41813 42081 42154 42156 42158-42159 42165 42169 42171 42173 42213 42216-42217 42224 42231 42371 42389 42391 42397 42403 42420 42424 42435 42437-42438 42471 42486 42489 42496 42500 42512 42625 43016-43017 43023 43028-43030 43033 43042 43048-43049 43427 47342 476587.665958069654821e-21 1.4134638842407062e-18https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/702/A178?format=asciiUVOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/702/A178/tablec1Catalogue of 893 RSG candidates in the SMC2MASSJ2MASS J-band magnitude (G1)magmeta.iddoublee_2MASSJJ-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloat2MASSH2MASS H-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hdoublee_2MASSHH-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloat2MASSKs2MASS Ks-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublee_2MASSKsKs-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatIRAC1Spitzer IRAC1 band (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublee_IRAC1IRAC1-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatIRAC2? Spitzer IRAC2 band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_IRAC2? IRAC2-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableIRAC3Spitzer IRAC3 band magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublee_IRAC3IRAC3-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatIRAC4? Spitzer IRAC4 band magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_IRAC4? IRAC4-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableMIPS24? Spitzer MIPS24 band magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_MIPS24? MIPS24-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableWISE1? WISE1-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_WISE1? WISE1-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableWISE2? WISE2-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_WISE2? WISE2-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableWISE3? WISE3-band magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_WISE4? WISE4-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableVMCY? VMC Y-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_VMCY? VMC Y-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableVMCJ? VMC J-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_L15mag? L15-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableL24mag? AKARI L24-band magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullableClassMKOptical spectral classification from Gonzalez-Fernandez et al. (2015A&A...578A...3G, Cat. J/A+A/578/A3)meta.code.classcharRVN18Radial velocity from Neugent et al. (2018AJ....155..207N, Cat. J/AJ/155/207)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatClass18MKOptical spectral classification from Neugent et al. (2018AJ....155..207N, Cat. J/AJ/155/207)meta.code.classcharRVSRadial velocity from Simbadkm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatClassSSpectral classification from Simbadmeta.code.classcharMainTypeSMain object type from Simbadmeta.code.classcharOTypeSOther object types from Simbadmeta.code.classcharPlxGaia parallaxmaspos.parallaxfloate_PlxGaia parallax errormasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatPMGaia proper motionmas/yrpos.pmfloatpmRAGaia RA proper motionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRARA proper motion errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEGaia Dec proper motionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDEDec proper motion errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatGmagGaia G-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optdoublee_GmagGaia G-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magdoubleBPmagGaia BP-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublee_BPmagGaia BP-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magdoubleRPmagGaia RP-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/893] Assigned IDmeta.id;meta.mainintIDY19? ID from Yang et al. (2019A&A...629A..91Y Cat, J/A+A/629/A91)meta.idintnullableRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maine_WISE3WISE3-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatWISE4? WISE4-band magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_VMCJ? VMC J-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableVMCKs? VMC Ks-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_VMCKs? VMC Ks-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableIRSFJ? IRSF J-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_IRSFJ? IRSF J magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableIRSFH? IRSF H-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_IRSFH? IRSF H magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableIRSFKs? IRSF Ks-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_IRSFKs? IRSF Ks magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableImagD? DENIS I-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_ImagD? I-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmagD? DENIS J-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_JmagD? J-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKmagD? DENIS Ks-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_KmagD? Ks-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableN3mag? AKARI N3-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_N3mag? N3-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableN4mag? AKARI N4-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_N4mag? N4-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableS7mag? AKARI S7-band magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_S7mag? S7-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableS11mag? AKARI S11-band magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_S11mag? S11-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableL15mag? AKARI L15-band magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_L24mag? L24-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableSkyMapu? SkyMapper u-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Udoublenullablee_SkyMapu? u-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableSkyMapv? SkyMapper v-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_SkyMapv? v-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableSkyMapg? SkyMapper g-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_SkyMapg? g-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableSkyMapr? SkyMapper r-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_SkyMapr? r-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableSkyMapi? SkyMapper i-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_SkyMapi? i-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableSkyMapz? SkyMapper z-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_SkyMapz? z-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableNSCu? NSC u-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Udoublenullablee_NSCu? u-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableNSCg? NSC g-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_NSCg? g-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableNSCr? NSC r-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_NSCr? r-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableNSCi? NSC i-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_NSCi? i-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableNSCz? NSC z-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_NSCz? z-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableNSCY? NSC Y-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_NSCY? Y-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableM02V? M02 V-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_M02V? M02 V magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableM02B-V? M02 B-V colour (G1)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_M02B-V? M02 B-V colour error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableM02U-B? M02 U-B colour (G1)magphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_M02U-B? M02 U-B colour error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableM02V-R? M02 V-R colour (G1)magphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_M02V-R? M02 V-R colour error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableGALEXFUV? GALEX FUV-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.UVdoublenullablee_GALEXFUV? FUV-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableGALEXNUV? GALEX NUV-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.UVdoublenullablee_GALEXNUV? NUV-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableS2013YSOYSO classification from Sewilo et al. (2013ApJ...778...15S, Cat. J/ApJ/778/15)meta.code.classcharClassIRSMIR spectral classification from Ruffle et al. (2015MNRAS.451.3504R, Cat J/MNRAS/451/3504)meta.code.classcharClass10MKOptical spectral classification from Bonanos et al. (2010AJ....140..416B, Cat. J/AJ/140/416)meta.code.classcharSpVarGF15Spectral variability flag from Gonzalez-Fernandez et al. (2015A&A...578A...3G, Cat. J/A+A/578/A3)meta.codecharRVGF15Radial velocity from Gonzalez-Fernandez et al. (2015A&A...578A...3G, Cat. J/A+A/578/A3)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RPmagGaia RP-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magdoubleBP-RPGaia BP-RP colourmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RdoubleRV? Gaia radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_RV? Radial velocity errorkm/sstat.errorfloatnullableOGLEI? OGLE I-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IdoublenullableOGLEV? OGLE V-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableLLuminositysolLumphys.luminositydoublechi2minMinimum modified chi-squaredstat.fit.chi2;stat.mindoublelogMdot? log mass-loss ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)arith.rate;arith.zpfloatnullablee_logMdot? logMdot lower error limitlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.errorfloatnullableE_logMdot? logMdot upper error limitlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableTeffB19? Effective temperature from J-K prescriptionKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableTDUSTY? Effective temperature from DUSTY best-fit modelKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_TDUSTY? TDUSTY lower error limitKstat.errorintnullableE_TDUSTY? TDUSTY upper error limitKstat.error;stat.maxintnullableTin? Inner shell temperatureKphys.temperatureintnullablee_Tin? Tin lower error limitKstat.errorintnullableE_Tin? Tin upper error limitKstat.error;stat.maxintnullabletau? Optical depth at V-bandphys.absorption.opticalDepthdoublenullablee_tau? tau lower error limitstat.errordoublenullableE_tau? tau upper error limitstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableClassSAGEIR color classification from Boyer et al. (2011AJ....142..103B, Cat. J/AJ/142/103)meta.code.classcharJ/A+A/702/A178/tablec2Catalogue of 527 RSGs in the Milky Way2MASSID from 2MASSmeta.idcharRAJ20002MASS right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ20002MASS declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ0mag2MASS J magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.JdoubleJmsigcomCombined J magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatH0mag? 2MASS H magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.HdoublenullableHmsigcomCombined H magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatK0mag? 2MASS K_s magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.KdoublenullableKmsigcomCombined K_s magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoubleplxGaia parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigdoublee_plxparallax errormasstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublePMGaia total proper motionmas/yrpos.pmdoublepmRAGaia RA proper motionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRARA proper motion errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEGaia DE proper motionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDEDec proper motion errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleRUWErenormalised unit weight errorstat.errordoubleGmagGaia G magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.optdoubleBPmagGaia BP magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoubleRPmagGaia RP magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.RdoubleRV? Gaia radial velocitymagphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullablee_RV? radial velocity errormagstat.errordoublenullablef_RVPhotometric variability flagmeta.codecharrgeoMedian of the geometric distance posterior from Bailer-Jones et al. (2021, Cat. I/352)pcpos.distancedoubleb_rgeo16th percentile of the geometric distance posteriorpcpos.distancedoubleB_rgeo84th percentile of the geometric distance posteriorpcpos.distancedoubleSClassSimbad Classificationmeta.code.classcharRegionRegion from Healy et al. (2024MNRAS.529.3630H)meta.notecharWISE1? WISE1 band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_F24-PSF? [24] flux errorJystat.errordoublenullablemadW1? Median absolute deviation of WISE1 bandmagstat.stdev;phys.magAbsdoublenullablemadW2? Median absolute deviation of WISE2 bandmagstat.stdev;phys.magAbsdoublenullableTinInner shell temperatureKphys.temperatureintJRatioRatio of best-fit model J-band over 2MASS J-band (JfitObs_ratio) (2)stat.fit.omcdoublelogLlog LuminositysolLumphys.luminositydoublee_logLlogL lower error limitsolLumstat.errordoubleE_tautau lower error limitstat.error;stat.maxdoubleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/527] Assigned IDmeta.id;meta.mainintAliasAliasmeta.idcharSpTypeAAdopted mean Spectral typesrc.spTypecharTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivefloate_TeffEffective temperature errorKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivefloatWISE2? WISE2 band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullableWISE3? WISE3 band magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullableWISE4? WISE4 band magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_WISE1? WISE1 magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullablee_WISE2? WISE2 magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullablee_WISE3? WISE3 magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullablee_WISE4? WISE4 magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableccfContamination and confusion flagmeta.codecharex[0/1]? Extended source flagmeta.codeintnullablevarVariability flagmeta.code;src.varcharqphPhotometric quality flagmeta.code.qual;photcharFlagsSkyM? SkyMapper quality flagmeta.code.errorintnullableSkyMapu? SkyMapper u-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Udoublenullablee_SkyMapu? u-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableSkyMapv? SkyMapper v-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vdoublenullablee_SkyMapv? v-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableSkyMapg? SkyMapper g-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_SkyMapg? g-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableSkyMapr? SkyMapper r-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_SkyMapr? r-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableSkyMapi? SkyMapper i-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_SkyMapi? i-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableSkyMapz? SkyMapper z-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_SkyMapz? z-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableF3.6ap1? Spitzer [3.6] band fluxJyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_F3.6ap1? [3.6] flux errorJystat.errordoublenullableF4.5ap1? Spitzer [4.5] band fluxJyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_F4.5ap1? [4.5] flux errorJystat.errordoublenullableF5.8ap1? Spitzer [5.8] band fluxJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_F5.8ap1? [5.8] flux errorJystat.errordoublenullableF8.0ap1? Spitzer [8.0] band fluxJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_F8.0ap1? [8.0] flux errorJystat.errordoublenullableF24-PSF? Spitzer [24] band fluxJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullableE_logLlogL upper error limitsolLumstat.error;stat.maxdoublechi2minMinimum modified chi-squaredstat.fit.chi2;stat.mindoublelogMdotlog mass-loss ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)arith.rate;arith.zpfloate_logMdotlogMdot lower error limitlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.errorfloatE_logMdotlogMdot upper error limitlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatTDUSTYEffective temperature from DUSTY best-fit modelKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TDUSTYTDUSTY lower error limitKstat.errorintE_TDUSTYTDUSTY upper error limitKstat.error;stat.maxinte_TinTin lower error limitKstat.errorintE_TinTin upper error limitKstat.error;stat.maxinttauOptical depth at V-bandphys.absorption.opticalDepthdoublee_tautau lower error limitstat.errordoubleJ/A+A/702/A178/tablec3Catalogue of 396 RSGs candidates in NGC 6822ID[1/396] Assigned IDmeta.id;meta.maininte_KsmagIRSF? Ks-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableJmagHAWKI? HAWKI J-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_JmagHAWKI? J-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableKsmagHAWKI? HAWKI Ks-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_KsmagHAWKI? Ks-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableIRAC1? Spitzer IRAC1 magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_IRAC1? IRAC1 magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullableIRAC2? Spitzer IRAC2 magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_IRAC2? IRAC2 magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullableIRAC3? Spitzer IRAC3 magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_IRAC3? IRAC3 magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullableIRAC4? Spitzer IRAC4 magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_IRAC4? IRAC4 magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullableMIPS24? Spitzer MIPS24 magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_MIPS24? MIPS24 magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullableplx? Gaia parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigdoublenullablee_plx? parallax errormasstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublenullablepmRA? Gaia RA proper motionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablee_pmRA? RA proper motion errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablepmDE? Gaia Dec proper motionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullablee_pmDE? Dec proper motion errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullablegMagPS? PS1 g-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_gMagPS? g-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullablerMagPS? PS1 r-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_rMagPS? r-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullableiMagPS? PS1 i-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_F770W? F770W magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullablee_F1000W? F1000W magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullablee_F1500W? F1500W magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmagLGGS? LGGS V-band mag (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_VmagLGGS? V-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableB-VLGGS? LGGS B-V colour (G1)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_B-VLGGS? B-V colour error (G1)magstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.BfloatnullableU-BLGGS? LGGS U-B colour (G1)magphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_U-BLGGS? U-B colour error (G1)magstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.UfloatnullableV-RLGGS? LGGS V-R colour (G1)magphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_V-RLGGS? V-R colour error (G1)magstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.VfloatnullableR-ILGGS? LGGS R-I colour (G1)magphot.color;em.opt.R;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_R-ILGGS? R-I colour error (G1)magstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.RfloatnullableJmagUKIRT? UKIRT J-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_JmagUKIRT? J-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableHmagUKIRT? UKIRT H-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_HmagUKIRT? H-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullableKmagUKIRT? UKIRT K-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_KmagUKIRT? K-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableJmagVHS? VHS J-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.JdoublenullableKsmagVHS? VHS Ks-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_JmagVHS? VHS J-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullablee_KsmagVHS? VHS Ks-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullableJmagIRSF? IRSF J-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_JmagIRSF? J-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableHmagIRSF? IRSF H-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_HmagIRSF? H-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableKsmagIRSF? IRSF Ks-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_iMagPS? i-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullablezMagPS? PS1 z-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_zMagPS? z-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullableyMagPS? PS1 y-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_yMagPS? y-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullableGmag? Gaia G magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.optdoublenullableBPmag? Gaia BP magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoublenullableRPmag? Gaia RP magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_Gmag? G magnitude error (G1)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullablee_BPmag? BP magnitude error (G1)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullablee_RPmag? RP magnitude error (G1)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableF115W? JWST F115W magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.JdoublenullableF200W? JWST F200W magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.HdoublenullableF356W? JWST F356W magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullableF444W? JWST F444W magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_F115W? F115W magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullablee_F200W? F200W magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullablee_F356W? F356W magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullablee_F444W? F444W magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullableF770W? JWST F770W magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullableF1000W? JWST F1000W magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullableF1500W? JWST F1500W magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullableF2100W? JWST F2100W magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F2100W? F2100W magnitude error (G1)magstat.errordoublenullableWISE1? WISE1-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullableWISE2? WISE2-band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullableWISE3? WISE3-band magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umintnullableWISE4? WISE4-band magnitude (G1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umintnullablee_WISE1? WISE1-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullablee_WISE2? WISE2-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullablee_WISE3? WISE3-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullablee_WISE4? WISE4-band magnitude error (G1)magstat.errorfloatnullableMIPS24ML? Machine-learning MIPS24 predictionmagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullableLLuminositysolLumphys.luminositydoublechi2minMinimum modified chi-squaredstat.fit.chi2;stat.mindoublelogMdotlog mass-loss ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)arith.rate;arith.zpfloate_logMdotlogMdot lower error limitlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.errorfloatE_logMdotlogMdot upper error limitlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatTdeWitEffective temperature from J-K prescription from de Wit+2024Kphys.temperature.effectiveintTDUSTYEffective temperature from DUSTY best-fit modelKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TDUSTYTDUSTY lower error limitKstat.errorintE_TDUSTYTDUSTY upper error limitKstat.error;stat.maxintTinInner shell temperatureKphys.temperatureinte_TinTin lower error limitKstat.errorintE_TinTin upper error limitKstat.error;stat.maxinttauOptical depth at V-bandphys.absorption.opticalDepthdoublee_tautau lower error limitstat.errordoubleE_tautau upper error limitstat.error;stat.maxdoublechi2minMLMinimum modified chi-squared from ML resultsstat.fit.chi2;stat.mindoublelogMdotMLlog mass-loss rate from ML resultslog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.energyfloate_logMdotMLlogMdotML lower error limitlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.errorfloatE_logMdotMLlogMdotML upper error limitlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatTDUSTYMLEffective temperature from DUSTY best-fit model from ML resultsKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TDUSTYMLTDUSTYML lower error limitKstat.errorintE_TDUSTYMLTDUSTYML upper error limitKstat.error;stat.maxintTinMLInner shell temperature from ML resultsKphys.temperatureinte_TinMLTinML lower error limitKstat.errorintE_TinMLTinML upper error limitKstat.error;stat.maxinttauMLOptical depth at V-band from ML resultsphys.absorption.opticalDepthdoublee_tauMLtauML lower error limitstat.errordoubleE_tauMLtauML upper error limitstat.error;stat.maxdouble