J/A+A/701/A87ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/701/A87doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-nx/lihCDSSaponara J.Koribalski B.S.English J.Humire P.K.2026-08-03T06:57:35Z2025-09-03T07:37:50ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesgalaxy-groupsradio-continuum-emissionWe present high-resolution MeerKAT 1.3GHz radio continuum images of star-forming spirals in the nearby galaxy groups around NGC 6221, NGC3256/3263, and NGC 2434. This sample spans the evolutionary timeline for galaxy groups, encompassing early, intermediate, and late stages, respectively. The NGC 6221 group contains an interacting galaxy pair with tidal debris, along with at least three dwarf galaxies. In contrast, the NGC 3256/3263 group represents a loose group consisting of several spiral as well as dwarf galaxies, while a massive elliptical galaxy dominates the NGC 2434 group. We study the star formation activity in all detected galaxies as it is one of the dominant physical processes in their formation and evolution, seeking evidence of environmental impact. We use MeerKAT radio continuum data and archival WISE infrared data to locate and measure the star formation rate in all group members. In particular, we used polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as tracers of gas heated due to star formation activity. Furthermore, we create in-band spectral index maps, providing insights into the underlying physical processes associated with the detected star-forming regions. For some galaxies, we also determine key stellar properties like age and mass through SED fittings. We found that galaxies are distributed differently in the WISE colour-colour diagram depending on their evolutionary group stage, as expected. Except for ESO 059-G012, the galaxies in our sample follow the radio-W3PAH correlation. A possible scenario that explains the ESO 059-G012 result is that the galaxy has already consumed the gas. We also found evidence that the interaction among the spiral galaxies NGC 3263, NGC 3256B, and NGC 3256C is causing the Vela Cloud complex and that the galaxies NGC 6221 and NGC 3256 might host a low-luminosity AGN, as was previously proposed in the literature.2025A&A...701A..87Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/701/A87CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/701/A87https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/701/A87http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/701/A87https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/701/A87https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/701/A87http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/701/A87GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/701/A87/list (List of fits images)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/701/A87/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/701/A87/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/701/A87/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true110.333-69.001340.005555555555555556Associated datahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/assocdata/?obs_collection=J/A+A/701/A876/37429 37436 38139 38481 42027 42030 42113https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/701/A87?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/701/A87/listList of fits imagesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension of center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNxNumber of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintNyNumber of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintNz? Number of slices for the datacubesmeta.numberintnullableObs.dateObservation datestime.epoch;obsnullableFreqObserved frequencyGHzem.freqdoublesizeSize of FITS fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of FITS file, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the FITS filemeta.title;meta.fitscharAssocDataAssociated Data web pagemeta.ref.urlcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable