J/A+A/701/A289ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/701/A289doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-nx/lcijCDSDal Ponte MD'Orazi V.Bragaglia A.Casey A. R.Storm N.Spina L.,Alonso-Santiago J.Andreuzzi G. Frasca A.Kos J.Lucatello S.,Romano D.Vallenari A.Vernekar N.2026-08-03T06:57:27Z2025-09-26T09:54:50ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clusterschemical-abundancesvisible-astronomyOpen clusters serve as important tools for accurately studying the chemical evolution of the Milky Way. By combining precise chemical data from high-resolution spectra with information on their distances and ages, we can effectively uncover the processes that have shaped our Galaxy. This study aims to derive non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances for approximately one hundred giant stars across 33 open clusters with near-solar metallicity. The clusters span a wide range of ages, enabling an assessment of the presence and extent of any age-related abundance gradients. In the Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) project, we acquired new high-resolution spectra of giant stars in a sample of open cluster giants using the HARPS-N echelle spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. We chemically characterized nine open clusters for the first time and reanalyzed previously studied SPA clusters, resulting in a consistent and homogeneous sample. We determined NLTE atmospheric parameters using the equivalent width method and derived NLTE chemical abundances through spectral synthesis for various elements, including alpha elements (Mg, Si, and Ti), light odd-Z elements (Na, Al), iron-peak elements (Mn, Co, and Ni), and neutron-capture elements (Sr, Y, and Eu). Our findings are compared with the existing literature, revealing good agreement. We examine the trends of [X/Fe] versus age, confirming previous observations and the enrichment patterns predicted by nucleosynthesis processes. Positive correlations with age are present for alpha elements such as Mg, Si, Ti, odd-Z Al, and iron-peak elements Mn, Co, Ni, and Sr, while Na and neutron-capture Y and Eu show a negative trend. This study emphasizes the significance of NLTE corrections and reinforces the utility of open clusters as tracers of Galactic chemical evolution. Furthermore, we provide a benchmark sample of NLTE abundances for upcoming open cluster surveys within large-scale projects such as 4MOST and WEAVE.2025A&A...701A.289Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/701/A289CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/701/A289https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/701/A289http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/701/A289https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/701/A289https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/701/A289http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/701/A289GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/701/A289/table2 (Stellar parameters from LOTUS)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/701/A289/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/701/A289/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/701/A289/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true13.314299749.53162720.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/701/A289/table3 (Chemical abundances from TSFitPy)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/701/A289/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/701/A289/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/701/A289/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true13.314299749.53162720.0055555555555555566/1276 2311 2436 2448 2517 2859 2862 3055 3254 3262 3304 3362 3603 3606 3680 3783 3795-3796 4298 4698 12890-12891 12913 13048 13286 13996 14033 14129 14267 14375 15396-15397 15430 15520 15699 21523 21526 21532 21774-21775 24329 29152 29154 30438-30439 30444-30445 30456 31068 31070 32016 32198 40601https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/701/A289?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/701/A289/table2Stellar parameters from LOTUSrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster namemeta.id.parentcharStarCluster star namemeta.idcharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source identifiermeta.id;meta.mainTeffLOTUS - Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoubleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchare_TeffLOTUS - Effective temperature errorKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivedoubleloggLOTUS - Surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoublee_loggLOTUS - Surface gravity errorlog(cm.s**-2)stat.errordouble[Fe/H]LOTUS - Metallicittyphys.abund.Fedoublee_[Fe/H]LOTUS - Metallicity errorstat.error;phys.abund.FedoubleVmicLOTUS - Microturbulencekm/sphys.veloc.microTurbdoublee_VmicLOTUS - Microturbulence errorkm/sstat.errordouble_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/701/A289/table3Chemical abundances from TSFitPySimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharClusterCluster namemeta.id.parentcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarCluster star namemeta.idcharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source identifiermeta.id;meta.main[Mg/Fe]? TSFitPy - Magnesium abundancephys.abunddoublenullablee_[Mg/Fe]? TSFitPy - Magnesium abundance errorstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable[Si/Fe]? TSFitPy - Silicon abundancephys.abunddoublenullablee_[Si/Fe]? TSFitPy - Silicon abundance errorstat.error;phys.abunddoublenullable[Ti/Fe]? TSFitPy - Titanium abundancephys.abunddoublenullablee_[Ti/Fe]? TSFitPy - Titanium abundance errorstat.error;phys.abunddoublenullable[Na/Fe]? TSFitPy - Sodium abundancephys.abunddoublenullablee_[Na/Fe]? TSFitPy - Sodium abundance errorstat.error;phys.abunddoublenullable[Al/Fe]? TSFitPy - Aluminium abundancephys.abunddoublenullablee_[Al/Fe]? TSFitPy - Aluminium abundance errorstat.error;phys.abunddoublenullable[Mn/Fe]? TSFitPy - Manganese abundancephys.abunddoublenullablee_[Mn/Fe]? TSFitPy - Manganese abundance errorstat.error;phys.abunddoublenullable[Co/Fe]? TSFitPy - Cobalt abundancephys.abunddoublenullablee_[Co/Fe]? TSFitPy - Cobalt abundance errorstat.error;phys.abunddoublenullable[Ni/Fe]? TSFitPy - Nickel abundancephys.abunddoublenullablee_[Ni/Fe]? TSFitPy - Nickel abundance errorstat.error;phys.abunddoublenullable[Sr/Fe]? TSFitPy - Strontium abundancephys.abunddoublenullablee_[Sr/Fe]? TSFitPy - Strontium abundance errorstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable[Y/Fe]? TSFitPy - Yttrium abundancephys.abunddoublenullablee_[Y/Fe]? TSFitPy - Yttrium abundance errorstat.error;phys.abunddoublenullable[Eu/Fe]? TSFitPy - Europium abundancephys.abunddoublenullablee_[Eu/Fe]? TSFitPy - Europium abundance errorstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main