J/A+A/700/A30ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/700/A30doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-nw/ldaCDSCherouvrier D.Macias-Perez J.F.Desert F.X.Adam R.Ade P.Ajeddig H.,Amarantidis S.Andre P.Aussel H.Barrena R.Beelen A.Benoit A.,Berta S.Bethermin M.Bongiovanni A.Bounmy J.Bourrion O.Bing L.-J.,Calvo M.Catalano A.De Petris M.Doyle S.Driessen E.F.C.Ejlali G.,Ferragamo A.Fernandez-Torreiro M.Gomez A.Goupy J.Hanser C.,Katsioli S.Keruzore F.Kramer C.Ladjelate B.Lagache G.Leclercq S.,Lestrade J.-F.Madden S.C.Maury A.Mayet F.Melin J.-B.Monfardini A.,Moyer-Anin A.Munoz-Echeverria M.Myserlis I.Neri R.Paliwal A.,Perotto L.Pisano G.Pointecouteau E.Ponthieu N.Pratt G.W.,Reveret V.Rigby A.J.Ritacco A.Roussel H.Ruppin F.,Sanchez-Portal M.Savorgnano S.Schuster K.Sievers A.Tucker C.,Zylka R.2026-08-03T06:56:42Z2025-07-29T07:28:58ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clustersredshiftedmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomysurveysClusters of galaxies, formed in the latest stages of structure formation, are unique cosmological probes. With the advent of large CMB surveys like those from the Planck satellite, the ACT and SPT telescopes, we now have access to a large number of galaxy clusters detected at millimeter wavelengths via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect. Nevertheless, it is interesting to complement them with high angular resolution (tens of arcseconds) observations to target the lowest mass and highest redshift clusters. This is the case of observations with the NIKA2 camera, which is installed on the IRAM 30-m telescope in Pico Veleta, Spain. We use here the existing 150GHz (2mm) data from the NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey (N2CLS) Large Program to blindly search for galaxy clusters in the well-known COSMOS field, across a 877 arcmin^2^ region centered on (R.A., Dec.)_J2000_=(10:00:28.81,+02:17:30.44). We first develop a dedicated data reduction pipeline to construct NIKA2 maps at 2mm. We then use a matched-filter algorithm to extract cluster candidates assuming a universal pressure profile to model the expected cluster tSZ signal. We compute the purity and completeness of the sample by applying the previous algorithm to simulated maps of the sky signal in the COSMOS field, including tSZ contribution, point sources and instrumental noise. We find a total of 16 cluster candidates at S/N>4, from which 8 have either an optical or X-ray cluster (or group of galaxies) counterpart. This is the first blind detection of clusters of galaxies at mm wavelengths at 18arcsec angular resolution. For candidates with available redshift estimates, we derive their mass by modeling the cluster tSZ signal with a universal pressure profile via a MCMC analysis. From this analysis, we confirm that NIKA2 and the IRAM 30-m telescope should be sensitive to low mass clusters at intermediate and high redshift, complementing current and planned large tSZ-based cluster surveys.2025A&A...700A..30Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/700/A30CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/700/A30https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/700/A30http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/700/A30https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/700/A30https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/700/A30http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/700/A30GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/700/A30/table1 (Cluster candidates catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/700/A30/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/700/A30/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/700/A30/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true150.19072.08730.0055555555555555566/27256 27258https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/700/A30?format=asciiMillimeterdefaultJ/A+A/700/A30/table1Cluster candidates catalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameCluster name, NK2-CL JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS.smeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSNRSignal-to-noise ratio of the detectionstat.snrfloatz? Estimated redshift of the candidatesrc.redshiftfloatnullablef_z[*] Note on z (1)meta.codechare_z? z uncertaintystat.error;src.redshiftfloatnullablen_z(p) photometric or (s) spectroscopic redshiftmeta.notechartheta500Estimated cluster angular size theta500arcminphys.angSizefloate_theta500Lower 68% confidence limit of theta500arcminstat.errorfloatE_theta500Upper 68% confidence limit of theta500arcminstat.error;stat.maxfloatY500Estimated tSZ flux Y5001e-05arcmin**2stat.fit.paramfloate_Y500Lower 68% confidence limit of Y5001e-05arcmin**2stat.errorfloatE_Y500Upper 68% confidence limit of Y5001e-05arcmin**2stat.error;stat.maxfloatM500? Estimated cluster mass M5001e+14solMassphys.massfloatnullablee_M500? Lower 68% confidence limit of M5001e+14solMassstat.errorfloatnullableE_M500? Upper 68% confidence limit of M5001e+14solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableMatchClName of the matched counterpart in external catalogsmeta.idcharn_MatchCl[*] Note on MatchCl (2)meta.notecharMatcDist? Distance of the counterpart to the NIKA2 cluster candidate centerarcsecpos.angDistance;src.orbitalfloatnullableRefs? Reference(s) for the counterpart (3)meta.ref;pos.framechar