J/A+A/699/A370ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/699/A370doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-nv/ldhaCDSSicignano T.Ripepi V.Rejkuba M.Romaniello M.Marconi M.Molinaro R.,Bhardwaj A.De Somma G.Cioni M.-R.L.Cusano F.Clementini G.,de Grijs R.Ivanov V.D.Storm J.Groenewegen M.A.T.2026-08-03T06:55:56Z2025-07-21T09:25:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmagellanic-cloudsvariable-starsAnomalous Cepheids (ACs) are pulsating variable stars, and are less studied compared to the well-known Classical Cepheids (CCs) and RR Lyrae stars. The ACs are metal poor ([Fe/H]<1.5) and follow distinct period-luminosity (PL) and period-Wesenheit (PW) relations that can be used for distance measurements, and they can pulsate in the fundamental (F) and first overtone (1O) modes. Our goal is to evaluate the precision and accuracy of distances obtained via PL and PW relations of ACs and thus to assess if they could be used to establish a cosmic distance scale independent from CCs. To this aim, we derived new, precise PL and PW relations for the F mode, the 1O mode, and, for the first time, the combined F+1O mode ACs in the Magellanic Clouds. We investigated the wavelength dependence of these relations and applied them to calculate the distances of various stellar systems in the Local Group hosting ACs, as well as to confirm the classification of these variable stars. We analyzed near-infrared (NIR) time series photometry in the Y, J, and Ks bands for about 200 ACs in the Magellanic Clouds acquired during 2009-2018 in the context of the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds system (VMC), a European Southern Observatory public survey. The VMC NIR photometry was complemented with optical data from $Gaia$ DR3 and the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment IV survey, which also provided the identification, periods, and pulsation mode for the investigated ACs. Custom templates generated from our best light curves were used to derive precise intensity-averaged mean magnitudes for 118 and 75 ACs in the Large (LMC) and Small Magellanic Clouds (SMC), respectively. Optical and NIR mean magnitudes were used to derive multiband PL and PW relations, which were calibrated with the geometric distance modulus to the LMC based on eclipsing binaries. We investigated the dependence of PL relations on wavelength, finding that slopes increase and dispersion decreases when going from optical to NIR bands. We calculated the LMC distance modulus through calibrated AC PW relations in the Milky Way using Gaia parallaxes, the LMC-SMC relative distance modulus, and we confirmed the AC nature of a few new pulsators in Galactic globular clusters. We derived a distance modulus for the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy of 19.425+/-0.048mag, which is in agreement with recent literature determinations, but a discrepancy of 0.1mag with RR Lyrae-based distance hints at possible metallicity effects on the AC PL and PW relations. Future spectroscopic surveys and Gaia DR4 will refine the AC distance scale and assess metallicity effects on PLRs and PWRs.2025A&A...699A.370Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/699/A370CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/351 : VISTA Magellanic Survey (VMC) catalog (Cioni+, 2011)J/AcA/65/233 : OGLE Magellanic Clouds anomalous Cepheids (Soszynski+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/699/A370https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/699/A370http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/699/A370https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/699/A370https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/699/A370http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/699/A370GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/699/A370/table2 (VMC photometric parameters for the 193 LMC and SMC Acs analysed in the paper)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A370/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A370/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A370/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true69.3290417-69.81986110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/699/A370/table3 (Intensity-averaged magnitudes for 193 LMC and SMC Acs in the Y, J, and Ks bands)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A370/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A370/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A370/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.5617083-68.39527780.0055555555555555565/8263 8274 8280 8323 8329 6/32950 32954-32955 32993 33000 33035 33038-33039 33043 33045-33047 33049 33057 33063 33073 33075-33078 33081 33084 33088-33090 33092-33094 33100-33102 33105 33107-33108 33110 33112 33115-33117 33119 33124 33128 33132-33133 33137-33138 33287 33290-33291 33297-33299 33302 33304-33305 33307-33308 33310 33312 33315 33323-33326 33328-33330 33336-33337 33799-33800 37416 37504-37506 37512 37514-37515 37518 37538-37539 389127.952274030004205e-20 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/699/A370?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/699/A370/table1Table made up of all the time series of the ACs acquired from VMCrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentification from the OGLE IV or Gaia DR3 cataloguemeta.id;meta.maincharHJDHeliocentric Julian day (HJD-2400000)dtime.epoch;pos.heliocentricdoublemagMagnitude in Bandmagphot.magdoublee_magUncertainty on magnitude in Bandmagstat.error;phot.magdoubleBand[YJK] Band in which the magnitude was collectedinstr.bandpasscharJ/A+A/699/A370/table2VMC photometric parameters for the 193 LMC and SMC Acs analysed in the paperrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLCShow the light curvesmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableIDIdentification from the OGLE IV or Gaia DR3 cataloguemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainModeClassification of the star in the AC pulsation modemeta.code;src.varcharPerPerioddtime.perioddoubleYmag? Intesity-averaged magnitude in the Y band computed with the template-fitting proceduremagphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_Ymag? Robust mad uncertainty on the Ymag computed with the template-fitting proceduremagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableAmpY? Peak-to-peak Amplitude in the Y band computed with the template-fitting proceduremagsrc.var.amplitudedoublenullablee_AmpY? Robust mad uncertainty on the AmpY computed with the template-fitting proceduremagstat.errordoublenullableJmag? Intesity-averaged magnitude in the J band computed with the template-fitting proceduremagphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_Jmag? Robust mad uncertainty on the Jmag computed with the template-fitting proceduremagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableAmpJ? Peak-to-peak Amplitude in the J band computed with the template-fitting proceduremagsrc.var.amplitudedoublenullablee_AmpJ? Robust mad uncertainty on the AmpJ computed with the template-fitting proceduremagstat.errordoublenullableKsmagIntesity-averaged magnitude in the Ks band computed with the template-fitting proceduremagphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublee_Ksmag? Robust mad uncertainty on the Ksmag computed with the template-fitting proceduremagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableAmpKsPeak-to-peak Amplitude in the Ks band computed with the template-fitting proceduremagsrc.var.amplitudedoublee_AmpKs? Robust mad uncertainty on the AmpKs computed with the template-fitting proceduremagstat.errordoublenullableE(V-I)Colour excessmagphot.color.excessfloatf_E(V-I)[0/1] Flag on colour excess (1)meta.codeintSource[Gaia OGLE] Flag indicating the provenience of the object identification, period and epoch of maximum.meta.code.errorcharJ/A+A/699/A370/table3Intensity-averaged magnitudes for 193 LMC and SMC Acs in the Y, J, and Ks bandsDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainModePulsation modemeta.code;src.varcharPerPerioddtime.perioddoublee_Peruncertainty on the Perioddstat.errordoubleVmagMagnitude in the V bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.VdoubleImagMagnitude in the I bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.IdoubleEpochIEpoch in the I band from OGLE IVdtime.epochdoubleAmpI? Amplitude in the I band from OGLE IVmagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentification from the OGLE IV or Gaia DR3 cataloguemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainGmagMagnitude in the G band from Gaia DR3magphot.mag;em.optdoublee_GmagUncertainty on the G magnitude from Gaia DR3magstat.error;phot.magdoubleGBPmag? Magnitude in the G_BP_ band from Gaia DR3magphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_GBPmag? Uncertainty on the G_BP_ magnitude from Gaia DR3magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableGRPmag? Magnitude in the G_RP_ band from Gaia DR3magphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_GRPmag? Uncertainty on the G_RP_ magnitude from Gaia DR3magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableSource[OGLE Gaia] Flag indicating the provenience of the object identification, period and epoch of maximum.meta.code.errorcharSOS[0/2] Flag discerning the technique uses to calculate the average magnitudes in the Gaia bands (1)meta.codeintVIFlag for the provenience of the magnitude in the V and I band used during the analysis (2)meta.codecharJ/A+A/699/A370/tableb1Fourier coefficients for the templates in the Y bandA10Amplitude of the tenth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypePulsation Modemeta.code;src.varcharPPerioddtime.perioddoubleA1Amplitude of the first harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi1Phase of the first harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA2Amplitude of the second harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi2Phase of the second harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA3Amplitude of the third harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi3Phase of the third harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA4Amplitude of the fourth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi4Phase of the fourth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA5Amplitude of the fifth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi5Phase of the fifth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA6Amplitude of the sixth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi6Phase of the sixth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA7Amplitude of the seventh harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi7Phase of the seventh harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA8Amplitude of the eighth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi8Phase of the eighth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA9Amplitude of the nineth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi9Phase of the nineth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoublePhi10Phase of the tenth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleJ/A+A/699/A370/tableb2Fourier coefficients for the templates in the J bandTypePulsation Modemeta.code;src.varcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPPerioddtime.perioddoubleA1Amplitude of the first harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi1Phase of the first harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA2Amplitude of the second harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi2Phase of the second harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA3Amplitude of the third harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi3Phase of the third harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA4Amplitude of the fourth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi4Phase of the fourth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA5Amplitude of the fifth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi5Phase of the fifth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA6Amplitude of the sixth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi6Phase of the sixth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA7Amplitude of the seventh harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi7Phase of the seventh harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA8Amplitude of the eighth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi8Phase of the eighth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA9Amplitude of the nineth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi9Phase of the nineth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA10Amplitude of the tenth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi10Phase of the tenth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleJ/A+A/699/A370/tableb3Fourier coefficients for the templates in the Ks bandrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypePulsation modemeta.code;src.varcharPPerioddtime.perioddoubleA1Amplitude of the first harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi1Phase of the first harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA2Amplitude of the second harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi2Phase of the second harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA3Amplitude of the third harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi3Phase of the third harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA4Amplitude of the fourth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi4Phase of the fourth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA5Amplitude of the fifth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi5Phase of the fifth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA6Amplitude of the sixth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi6Phase of the sixth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA7Amplitude of the seventh harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi7Phase of the seventh harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA8Amplitude of the eighth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi8Phase of the eighth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA9Amplitude of the nineth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi9Phase of the nineth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdoubleA10Amplitude of the tenth harmonic in the Fourier seriessrc.var.amplitudedoublePhi10tenth harmonic in the Fourier seriesstat.fit.paramdouble