J/A+A/699/A142ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/699/A142doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-nv/lbecCDSCarrasco-Varela F.F.Nayak P.K.Puzia T.H.2026-08-03T06:55:23Z2025-07-08T10:44:10ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxystellar-associationsmultiple-starseffective-temperaturestellar-massesstellar-agesThe study of blue straggler stars (BSS) provides insights into the mechanisms of stellar mass exchange during binary stellar evolution and the complex gravitational interactions within dense stellar systems. In combination, they enhance our understanding of possible lifecycles of stars and the evolutionary pathways of star clusters. We study the populations of BSSs in 41 globular clusters (GCs) and 42 open clusters (OCs) adopting photometry, proper motion and parallax from the Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3), confirming their cluster membership. We find a total of 4399 BSSs: all GCs show the presence of BSSs (3965 or ~90% of the sample), whereas only 42 out of 129 studied OCs show the presence of BSSs (434 or ~10% of the sample). Clusters younger than ~500Myr do not host any BSSs. We derive their astrophysical parameters such as effective temperature, surface gravity and mass based on color-temperature relations, isochrone models and Gaia DR3 spectroscopy (if available). We find values for Teff=6800+/-585K and 7570+/-1400K; and an average mass of <M_BSS_>=1.02+/-0.1M_{sun}_ and <M_BSS_>=1.75+/-0.45M_{sun}_ for GCs and OCs, respectively. We finally compute the difference of the BSS mass and the main sequence turn-off (MSTO) mass of its respective cluster, normalized by the MSTO mass, for every identified BSS. Based on this parameter and BSSs ages derived from isochrone models we find: i) GC BSSs that are most likely to be formed through collisions show a "boost" for ages ~1-2Gyr, in agreement with ages for core-collapse events in GCs reported in previous studies; ii) a double sequence for GC BSSs that could indicate the hint of a pre/post-merger or close-binary scenario.2025A&A...699A.142Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/699/A142CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/699/A142https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/699/A142http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/699/A142https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/699/A142https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/699/A142http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/699/A142GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/699/A142/tabled1 (Parameters of star cluster)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A142/tabled1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A142/tabled1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A142/tabled1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true6.175-72.0240.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/699/A142/tabled2 (Parameters of blue straggler stars (BSSs) detected in this study)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A142/tabled2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A142/tabled2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A142/tabled2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true90.7863310.371770.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/699/A142/rss (Parameters of red straggler stars (RSSs) detected in this study)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A142/rss?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A142/rss?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A142/rss?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true90.7861110.50140.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/699/A142/yss (Parameters of yellow straggler stars (YSSs) detected in this study)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A142/yss?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A142/yss?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/699/A142/yss?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true90.7268710.467230.0055555555555555566/3063 3089 3091 3633 3640-3641 4078 4298 4783 6149 9436 9664 9666 10321 10336-10337 12405 12943 13996 14175 14489 14573 14575 14740 14752-14753 15594-15595 15759 16647 16658 19091 20562 20903 21017 21557 21586 21717-21719 22216 22237 22239 22871 23620-23621 23638 23659 23745 23761 24121 24520 24522 24843 27975 27981 27986 27992 28966-28967 28972-28973 29152 29154 30769 30995 30998 31019 31115 31416-31417 33321 33323 33330 33634-33635 34242-34243 37294 37636 37734 37867 37929 37942 38465 39129 39131 39289-39291 39350 39353 39356 39640 39642 41257 41260 41304 41507 41513 41522 41613 42076 42177 42210 42216 42278 42384 42386 42496 42955 42958 42990-42991 43034 43225 43227 44427 47125 47168 47777 47825 47828 47970-47971 48434https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/699/A142?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/699/A142/tabled1Parameters of star clusterrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharTypeCluster type (open or globular)src.classcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableRA_ICRSGaia DR3 Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSGaia DR3 Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainlogAgeDecimal logarithm of the agelog(yr)time.agefloate_logAgeError in decimal logarithm of the agelog(yr)stat.error;time.agefloatAvExtinctionmagphys.absorptionfloatDistDistance to the clusterpcpos.distanceint[Fe/H]Metallicity of the clusterphys.abund.ZfloatTeff-IRFMMSTO Teff from IRFM modelslog(K)phys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff-IRFMError in MSTO Teff from IRFM modelslog(K)stat.errorintTeff-isoMSTO Teff from isochrone modelslog(K)phys.temperature.effectiveintNBSSNumber of identified BSSsmeta.numberintNMS? Number of identified MS stars 1mag fainter than MSTOmeta.numberintnullablefBSS/MS? Fraction between number of BSS and number of MS starsmeta.numberfloatnullablee_fBSS/MS? Error in fraction between BSS and MS starsstat.errorfloatnullableJ/A+A/699/A142/tabled2Parameters of blue straggler stars (BSSs) detected in this studye_Teff-xpp? Error in effective temperature from XPP modelsKstat.errorintnullablelogg-xpp? Decimal logarithm of the surface gravity from XPP modelslog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullablee_logg-xpp? Error in decimal logarithm of the surface gravity from XPP modelslog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableMeFractional mass excessphys.mass;arith.ratiofloat_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster name to which star belongsmeta.id.parentcharTypeType of cluster (open or globular)src.classcharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 Source IDmeta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRSGaia DR3 Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSGaia DR3 Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRAGaia DR3 Proper Motion along RA, pmRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEGaia DR3 Proper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatplxGaia DR3 Parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatTeff-IRFMEffective temperature from IRFM modelsKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff-IRFMError in effective temperature from IRFM modelsKstat.errorintTeff-isoEffective temperature from isochrone fittingsKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff-isoError in effective temperature from isochrone fittingsKstat.errorintlogAge-isoDecimal logarithm of the age from isochrone fittingslog(yr)time.agefloate_logAge-isoError in decimal logarithm of the age from isochrone fittingslog(yr)stat.errorfloatMass-isoStellar mass from isochrone fittingssolMassphys.massfloate_Mass-isoError in stellar mass from isochrone fittingssolMassstat.errorfloatlogL-isoDecimal logarithm of the luminosity from isochrone fittingssolLumphys.luminosityfloate_logL-isoError in decimal logarithm of the luminosity from isochrone fittingssolLumstat.errorfloatlogg-isoDecimal logarithm of the surface gravity from isochrone fittingslog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_logg-isoError in decimal logarithm of the surface gravity from isochrone fittingslog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatTeff-xpp? Effective temperature from XPP modelsKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableMeSeqBSS sequence classificationsrc.classcharBPMAGAbsolute G_BP_ magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloat(BP-RP)0De-reddened (BP-RP) colormagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatJ/A+A/699/A142/rssParameters of red straggler stars (RSSs) detected in this studySimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster name to which star belongsmeta.id.parentcharTypeType of cluster to which star belongssrc.classcharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 Source IDmeta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRSGaia DR3 Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSGaia DR3 Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRAGaia DR3 Proper Motion along RA, pmRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEGaia DR3 Proper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatplxGaia DR3 Parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatTeff-IRFMEffective temperature from IRFM modelsKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff-IRFMError in effective temperature from IRFM modelsKstat.errorintTeff-isoEffective temperature from isochrone fittingsKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff-isoError in effective temperature from isochrone fittingsKstat.errorintlogAge-isoDecimal logarithm of the age from isochrone fittingslog(yr)time.agefloate_logAge-isoError in decimal logarithm of the age from isochrone fittingslog(yr)stat.errorfloatMass-isoStellar mass from isochrone fittingssolMassphys.massfloate_Mass-isoError in stellar mass from isochrone fittingssolMassstat.errorfloatlogL-isoDecimal logarithm of the luminosity from isochrone fittingssolLumphys.luminosityfloate_logL-isoError in decimal logarithm of the luminosity from isochrone fittingssolLumstat.errorfloatlogg-isoDecimal logarithm of the surface gravity from isochrone fittingslog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_logg-isoError in decimal logarithm of the surface gravity from isochrone fittingslog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatTeff-xpp? Effective temperature from XPP modelsKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_Teff-xpp? Error in effective temperature from XPP modelsKstat.errorintnullablelogg-xpp? Decimal logarithm of the surface gravity from XPP modelslog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullablee_logg-xpp? Error in decimal logarithm of the surface gravity from XPP modelslog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableMeFractional mass excessphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatJ/A+A/699/A142/yssParameters of yellow straggler stars (YSSs) detected in this studyrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster name to which star belongsmeta.id.parentcharTypeType of cluster to which star belongssrc.classcharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 Source IDmeta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRSGaia DR3 Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSGaia DR3 Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRAGaia DR3 Proper Motion along RA, pmRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEGaia DR3 Proper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatplxGaia DR3 Parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decindexedTeff-IRFMEffective temperature from IRFM modelsKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff-IRFMError in effective temperature from IRFM modelsKstat.errorintTeff-isoEffective temperature from isochrone fittingsKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff-isoError in effective temperature from isochrone fittingsKstat.errorintlogAge-isoDecimal logarithm of the age from isochrone fittingslog(yr)time.agefloate_logAge-isoError in decimal logarithm of the age from isochrone fittingslog(yr)stat.errorfloatMass-isoStellar mass from isochrone fittingssolMassphys.massfloate_Mass-isoError in stellar mass from isochrone fittingssolMassstat.errorfloatlogL-isoDecimal logarithm of the luminosity from isochrone fittingssolLumphys.luminosityfloate_logL-isoError in decimal logarithm of the luminosity from isochrone fittingssolLumstat.errorfloatlogg-isoDecimal logarithm of the surface gravity from isochrone fittingslog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_logg-isoError in decimal logarithm of the surface gravity from isochrone fittingslog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatTeff-xpp? Effective temperature from XPP modelsKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_Teff-xpp? Error in effective temperature from XPP modelsKstat.errorintnullablelogg-xpp? Decimal logarithm of the surface gravity from XPP modelslog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullablee_logg-xpp? Error in decimal logarithm of the surface gravity from XPP modelslog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableMeFractional mass excessphys.mass;arith.ratiofloat