J/A+A/698/A101ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/698/A101doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36980101CDSCerruti M.2025-08-04T20:01:05Z2025-06-03T10:58:34ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frbl-lacertae-objectsactive-galactic-nucleigamma-ray-astronomyBlazars are the most common sources of gamma-ray photons in the extra-galactic sky. Their gamma-ray light-curves are characterized by bright flaring episodes, similarly to what is observed at longer wavelengths. These Gamma-Ray Bursts from Blazars (GRBBLs) have been extensively studied individually, but never in terms of a population. The goal of this work is to provide a global characterization of GRBBLs, to investigate the parameter space of the population, and ultimately to classify GRBBLs. Their global properties could give insights on the physical mechanisms responsible for the gamma-ray radiation and on the origin of the observed variability. I analyze a sample of publicly available Fermi-LAT light-curves, utilizing only blazars with certain redshift measurements. The redshift-corrected light-curves are then automatically scanned to identify GRBBLs. A simple flare profile, with exponential rise and decay, is then fitted to all events. The fit parameters, together with the information on spectral variability during the events, and the global properties from the LAT catalog, are then used as input for unsupervised machine learning classification. The analysis shows that the GRBBL population is remarkably homogeneous. The classifier splits the population into achromatic (the large majority) and chromatic (the outliers) GRBBLs, but the transition between the two classes is smooth, with significant overlap. When the information on the spectral variability is removed, there is evidence for a classification into two classes, mainly driven by the peak luminosities. As by-product of this study, I identify a correlation between the rising/decay time-scales of the GRBBLs and their peak luminosity.2025A&A...698A.101Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/698/A101CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIX/67 : Incremental Fermi LAT 4th source cat. (4FGL-DR3) (Fermi-LAT col., 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/698/A101https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/698/A101http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/698/A101https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/698/A101https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/698/A101http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/698/A101GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/698/A101/tablea1 (List of blazars analyzed in this work.)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A101/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A101/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A101/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true359.692021119.92230670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/698/A101/tableb1 (List of blazars removed due to uncertain redshift)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A101/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A101/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A101/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true5.5004061-51.67342060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/698/A101/tabled1 (List of GRBBLs that are classified as chromatic in the fiducial sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A101/tabled1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A101/tabled1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A101/tabled1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true9.5613981-24.98395420.0055555555555555566/14 60 100 110 172 180 250 376 398 438 514 532 556 579 583 611 700 716 720 731 808 911 968 1085 1546 1593 2094 2140 2143 2228 2234 2331 2400 2404 2414 2434 2439 2574 2621 2636 2661 2741 2750 2822 2836 2867 3402 3431 3820 3882 3886 4267 4352 4407 4572 4695 4750 4770 4820 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31663-31664 31844 31894 31915 31930 32261 32288 32311 32314 32443 32614 32621 32660 32691 32738 32740 32808 32831-32832 33008 33128 33140 33237-33238 33370 33382 33419 33430 33467 33549 33560 33570 33575 33583 33611 33679 33684 33774 33825 33827 33880-33881 33964 33968 34012-34013 34038 34086 34095 34123 34163 34171 34209 34250 34375 34428 34461 34517 34572 34675 34747 34870 34931 35076 35079 35093 35116 35119 35187 35199 35281 35333 35370 35433 35475 35535 35590 35624 35706 35801 35833 35981 36003 36058 36090 36111 36117 36144 36151 36155 36188 36278 36304 36549 36551 36554 36602 36615 36665 36688 36708 36840 36941 37385 37512 37519 38189 38277 38355 38369 38481 38715 38734 38759 38763 38766 38787 38797 38802 38953-38954 38993 39077 39131 39298 39489 39542 39622 39671 39848 39866 40265 40344 40412 40422 40434 40527 40533 40689 40762 40949 41072-41073 41110 41335 42901 42980 43246 43366 43380 43421 43447 43451 43822 43888 43914 43986 43996 44043 44069 44106 44147 44173 44247 44313 44340 44592 44624 44654 44658 44705 44730 44840 44908 45011 45081 45146 45164 45178 45196 45612 45713 45943 46055 46157 46204 46251 46258 46310 46331 46337 46369-46370 46373-46374 46404 46444-46445 46448 46501 46547 46721 46787 46798 46835 46852 46887 46921 46963-46966 47014 47016 47057 47080 47106 47112 47151 47154 47319 47327 47375 47512 47534 47540 47605 47630 47649 47943 47960 48023 48123 48245 48300 48320 48352 48388 48589 48595 48624 48629 48685 48778 48798 48885 48962 48974 48985 49071 49083https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/698/A101?format=asciiGamma-raydefaultJ/A+A/698/A101/tablea1List of blazars analyzed in this work.recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint4FGL4FGL name (JHHMM.m+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharONameOther namemeta.idcharzRedshiftsrc.redshiftdoubleCommentCommentmeta.notecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/698/A101/tableb1List of blazars removed due to uncertain redshiftSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint4FGL4FGL name (JHHMM.m+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharONameOther namemeta.idcharzRedshiftsrc.redshiftdoubleCommentCommentmeta.notechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/698/A101/tabled1List of GRBBLs that are classified as chromatic in the fiducial sampleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint4FGL4FGL namemeta.id;meta.mainchart0Date'Y:M:D'time.epochnullablechi2chi2 value, chi^2^_Gamma_stat.fit.chi2;stat.valuefloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main