J/A+A/697/A228ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/697/A228doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36970228CDSGuidorzi C.Orlandini M.Maccary R.Amati L.Bazzanini L.Bulla M.,Ferro L.Frontera F.Maistrello M.Tan W.-J.Tsvetkova A.Xiong S.L.,Zhang S.N.2025-10-10T20:01:13Z2025-05-21T07:54:48ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgamma-ray-astronomygamma-ray-burstsA sizeable fraction of gamma-ray burst (GRB) light curves (LCs) features a sequence of peaks, which holds information on the unknown way energy is released and dissipated into gamma-rays over time. Traditionally, searches for periodic signals in GRB LCs turned out to be inconclusive, partly because they are challenging as a consequence of the short-lived, coloured-noise, and non-stationary nature of the LCs themselves. Yet, recent claims have revived the issue. We aim to search for periodic components in GRB LCs through a new approach to GRBs, which escapes most of the issues faced by traditional Fourier techniques and periodograms due to the GRB LC nature. We identified peaks through a well tested algorithm and selected GRBs with at least 10 peaks out of five GRB catalogues (Swift/BAT, CGRO/BATSE, Fermi/GBM, Insight-HXMT, BeppoSAX/GRBM). At this point, each GRB was simply treated as a discrete point process, whose realisation coincides with the sequence of peak times. We searched for possible periodic recurrences based on the multinomial distribution, after accounting for the clustering of peaks due to the non-stationarity of the GRB signals. Accounting for the multiple trial periods, the best candidate has a p-value of 3e-4 that there is no periodic recurrence. However, accounting for the multiple trials of 555 searched GRBs, its statistical significance is demoted to 17%. The overall distribution of the p-values obtained for all GRBs is compatible with a uniform distribution in [0,1]. Our technique is sensitive to the presence of >~8 periodic peaks and a fraction of periodic peaks of ~75% at least. We found no robust evidence for multi-peaked GRBs with periodic recurrences in the peak times. We can exclude that a sizeable fraction (>~0.75) of peaks of each GRB with at least 10 peaks are periodic. While our result does not necessarily clash with claimed periodicities based on Fourier techniques, it constrains the putative recurrent behaviour, which would not manifest itself through the sequence of peaks, but, evidently, in a more elusive way.2025A&A...697A.228Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/697/A228CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/510/A48 : Palermo Swift-BAT Hard X-ray Catalogue (Cusumano+, 2010)IX/20 : The Fourth BATSE Burst Revised Catalog (Paciesas+ 1999)J/ApJS/126/19 : BATSE gamma-ray burst spectral catalog. I. (Preece+, 2000)J/ApJS/134/385 : Supplement to the BATSE gamma-ray burst catalogsJ/ApJ/893/46 : The fourth Fermi-GBM GRB catalog: 10 yearsJ/ApJS/259/46 : Insight-HXMT GRB catalog, 2017-2021 obs. (Song+, 2022)J/A+A/473/347 : BeppoSAX complete catalogue of GRBs (Vetere+, 2007)J/ApJS/180/192 : BeppoSAX/GRBM {gamma}-ray Burst Catalog (Frontera+, 2009)J/ApJS/191/179 : IPN supplement to the BeppoSAX GRB catalog (Hurley+, 2010)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A228https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A228http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A228https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/697/A228https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/697/A228http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/697/A228GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/697/A228/table1 (Best candidates for the Swift-BAT sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A228/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A228/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A228/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true358.446833365.93338890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/697/A228/table3 (Best candidates for the Fermi-GBM sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A228/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A228/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A228/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true176.832375-60.24108330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/697/A228/table4 (Best candidates for the Insight-HXMT sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A228/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A228/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A228/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true159.6015417-53.5560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/697/A228/table5 (Best candidates for the BeppoSAX sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A228/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A228/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A228/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true2.1560.720.0055555555555555566/240 652 962 1507 1605 1918 2186 2414 2515 2540 2809 2942-2943 3051 3316 3553 3589 3700 3923 4060 4067 4228 4449 4575 4690 4822 4902 5051 5160 5438 5481 5719 5849 5871 5918 5933 6214 6441 6523 6564 6729 7532 7589 7820 7839 8140 8378 8955 9370 9431 9524 9547 9662 9827 10290 10309 10519 10589 10704 11133 11151 12341 12425 13182 13215 13265 13333 13363 13694 13870 14065 14335 14372 14448 14516 14715 14745 14781 14810 14913 15103 15344 15530 15553 15588 15915 16187 16228 16282 16292 16433 16778 16813 16893 17071 17163 17395 17464 17635 17945 18133 18538 18697 18783 18897 18930 19510 19828 19874 19944 20057 20393 20420 21284 21482 21737 21936 22478 22590 22978 23006 23514 23576 23641 24027 24068 24401 24500 25062 25131 25529 25710 25761 26215 26338 26365 27249 27337 27352 27541 27713 27810 27933 27951 27962 27964 28555 28651 28692 28959 29731 29874 30043 30128 30170 30346 30532 30595 30692 31120 31261 31273 32397 32503 32565 32646 32661 32736 33004 33050 33053 33146 33240 33304 33306 33439 33583 33616 33735 33753 33924 35241 35256 35615 36107 36858 36870 37505 37628 37910 37948 38043 38145 38235 38319 38388 38688 39007 39210 39411 39491 39594 39878 40433 40607 40666 41541 41685 41729 41775 42066 42471 42710 42718 43280 43498 43547 43835 44223 44228 44277 44599 44617 44976 45137 45205 45391 45401 45548 45665 45938 46016 46032 46180 46225 46472 46813 46834 46959 47152 47438 47548 47588 47856 47911 48171 48319 48536 48571 48872 48934 48953https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/697/A228?format=asciiGamma-raydefaultJ/A+A/697/A228/table1Best candidates for the Swift-BAT samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGRBGRB name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharNpNumber of peaksmeta.numberintEffPVEffective p-valuestat.fit.goodnessdoublePbestBest period candidatestime.period;meta.modelleddoubleDt-phPhase bin durationstime.durationdoubleDt-ph-minMinimum phase bin durationstime.duration;stat.mindoubleNcyc-bestBest number of cyclesmeta.numberintNph-bestBest number of phase binsmeta.numberintPminMinimum trial periodstime.period;stat.mindoublePmaxMinimum trial periodstime.period;stat.mindouble_RAPositions from Simbad and GCNs (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Simbad and GCNs (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/A+A/697/A228/table2Best candidates for the BATSE sampleGRBGRB name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNpNumber of peaksmeta.numberintEffPVEffective p-valuestat.fit.goodnessdoublePbestBest period candidatestime.period;meta.modelleddoubleDt-phPhase bin durationstime.durationdoubleDt-ph-minMinimum phase bin durationstime.duration;stat.mindoubleNcyc-bestBest number of cyclesmeta.numberintNph-bestBest number of phase binsmeta.numberintPminMinimum trial periodstime.period;stat.mindoublePmaxMinimum trial periodstime.period;stat.mindoubleJ/A+A/697/A228/table3Best candidates for the Fermi-GBM samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGRBGRB name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharNpNumber of peaksmeta.numberintEffPVEffective p-valuestat.fit.goodnessdoublePbestBest period candidatestime.period;meta.modelleddoubleDt-phPhase bin durationstime.durationdoubleDt-ph-minMinimum phase bin durationstime.duration;stat.mindoubleNcyc-bestBest number of cyclesmeta.numberintNph-bestBest number of phase binsmeta.numberintPminMinimum trial periodstime.period;stat.mindoublePmaxMinimum trial periodstime.period;stat.mindouble_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/A+A/697/A228/table4Best candidates for the Insight-HXMT sampleDt-phPhase bin durationstime.durationdoubleDt-ph-minMinimum phase bin durationstime.duration;stat.mindoubleNcyc-bestBest number of cyclesmeta.numberintNph-bestBest number of phase binsmeta.numberintPminMinimum trial periodstime.period;stat.mindoublePmaxMinimum trial periodstime.period;stat.mindouble_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGRBGRB name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharNpNumber of peaksmeta.numberintEffPVEffective p-valuestat.fit.goodnessdoublePbestBest period candidatestime.period;meta.modelleddouble_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/A+A/697/A228/table5Best candidates for the BeppoSAX samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGRBGRB name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharNpNumber of peaksmeta.numberintEffPVEffective p-valuestat.fit.goodnessdoublePbestBest period candidatestime.period;meta.modelleddoubleDt-phPhase bin durationstime.durationdoubleDt-ph-minMinimum phase bin durationstime.duration;stat.mindoubleNcyc-bestBest number of cyclesmeta.numberintNph-bestBest number of phase binsmeta.numberintPminMinimum trial periodstime.period;stat.mindoublePmaxMinimum trial periodstime.period;stat.mindouble_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable