J/A+A/697/A165ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/697/A165doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-ns/lbgfCDSVrard M.Pinsonneault M.H.Elsworth Y.Hon M.Kallinger T.,Kuszlewicz J.Mosser B.Garcia R.A.Tayar J.Bennett R.Cao K.,Hekker S.Loyer L.Mathur S.Stello D.2026-02-10T20:02:45Z2025-05-16T07:54:12ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgiant-starsasteroseismologyeffective-temperaturevisible-astronomyEvolved cool stars have three distinct evolutionary status: shell Hydrogen-burning (RGB), core Helium and shell Hydrogen burning (RC), and double shell burning (AGB). Asteroseismology can distinguish between the RC and the other status, but distinguishing RGB and AGB has been difficult seismically and spectroscopically. The precise boundaries of different status in the HR diagram have also been difficult to establish. Aims: in this article, we present a comprehensive catalog of asteroseismic evolutionary status, RGB and RC, for evolved red giants in the Kepler field. We carefully examine boundary cases to define the lower edge of the RC phase in radius and surface gravity. We also test different published asteroseisemic methods claiming to distinguish AGB and RGB stars against a sample where AGB candidates were selected using a spectroscopic identification method. methods: we used six different seismic techniques to distinguish RC and RGB stars, and tested two proposed methods for distinguishing AGB and RGB stars. These status were compared with those inferred from spectroscopy. Results: we present consensus evolutionary status for 18784 stars out of the 30337 red giants present in the Kepler data, including 11516 stars with APOGEE spectra available. The agreement between seismic and spectroscopic classification is excellent for distinguishing RC stars, agreeing at the 94% level. Most disagreements can be traced to uncertainties in spectroscopic parameters, but some are caused by blends with background stars. We find a sharp lower boundary in surface gravity at log(g)=2.99+/-0.01 for the RC and discuss the implications. We demonstrate that asteroseismic tools for distinguishing AGB and RGB stars are consistent with spectroscopic evolutionary status at near the RC (with the asteroseismic large separation {DELTA}{NU}<=2uHz) but that the agreement between the different methods decreases rapidly as the star evolves during the AGB phase. Conclusions: this work present the most complete evolutionary status catalog for Kepler and APOGEE red giant stars. The data precisely defines the locus of RC stars in the HR diagram, an important constraint for stellar theory and stellar populations. We also demonstrate that asteroseismic tools can distinguish between AGB and RGB stars under some circumstances, which is important for the age estimation for field stars. However, we also put forward the importance of using several techniques to assess the evolutionary status determination for luminous red giants2025A&A...697A.165Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/697/A165CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A165https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A165http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A165https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/697/A165https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/697/A165http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/697/A165GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/697/A165/table2 (Evolutionary status (clump or RGB/AGB) of the Kepler red giant sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A165/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A165/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A165/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.5175234.71123890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/697/A165/table4 (Evolutionarys status (AGB/RGB) of the red giants above the clump)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A165/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A165/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A165/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.9557546.93661890.0055555555555555564/911 922-923 933-935 944-945 5/3638 3643 3683 3704 3706 3728-3730 3760 3785 3787 3789 3792 6/9436 13286-13287 13291 13293 14527 14543 14549-14551 14556-14558 14563 14565-14567 14569-14571 14615 14619-14620 14622 14629-14631 14633-14638 14640 14642 14720-14722 14730-14731 14744 14746 14749-14751 14792 14794-14795 14828 14830 14869-14871 14873-14878 14886-14887 14889 14891-14894 14896-14898 14924-14926 15044-15045 15057 15059-15062 15136-15137 15139 15144-15146 15153-15155 15160 15172-15174 15176 15178 15200 15232https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/697/A165?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/697/A165/table2Evolutionary status (clump or RGB/AGB) of the Kepler red giant samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKICKepler identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainlongnumaxFrequency of maximum oscillationuHzem.freq;stat.maxfloatdnuLarge separation frequencyuHzem.freq;src.varfloatResult[0/1]? Possibility to determine an evolutionary status (1)meta.codeintnullableEV[-1/2] Evolutionary status (2)meta.codeint_RAPositions from KIC (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexed_DEPositions from KIC (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedJ/A+A/697/A165/table4Evolutionarys status (AGB/RGB) of the red giants above the clumprecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKICKepler identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintTeffEffective TemperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff1-sigma uncertainties on effective temperatureKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintlogglogarithm of surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_logg1-sigma uncertainties on logarithm of surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatTrefTref value from APOGEE dataKphys.temperature.effectivedoubleEV[0/2]? Evolutionary status (1)meta.code.status;time.ageintnullable_RAPositions from KIC (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from KIC (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main