J/A+A/696/A15ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/696/A15doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-nr/lbfCDSRihtarsic G.Bradac M.Desprez G.Harshan A.Noirot G.,Estrada-Carpenter V.Martis N.S.Abraham R.G.Asada Y.Brammer G.,Iyer K.G.Matharu J.Mowla L.Muzzin A.Sarrouh G.T.E.Sawicki M.,Strait V.Willott C.J.Gledhill R.Markov V.Tripodi R.2026-07-03T06:36:50Z2026-01-05T09:00:33ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clustersgravitational-lensinginfrared-astronomyStrong gravitational lensing in galaxy clusters has become an essential tool in astrophysics, as it allows one to directly probe the dark matter distribution and study magnified background sources. The precision and reliability of strong lensing models rely heavily on the number and quality of multiple images of background sources with spectroscopic redshifts. We present an updated strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 with the largest sample of multiple images with spectroscopic redshifts in a galaxy cluster field to date. Furthermore, we aim to demonstrate the effectiveness of JWST, particularly its NIRISS camera, for strong lensing studies. We used JWST's NIRCam imaging and NIRSpec and NIRISS spectroscopy from the CAnadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey (CANUCS). The cluster mass model was constrained using Lenstool software. Our new dataset, which we used for constraining the lens model, comprises 303 secure multiple images with spectroscopic redshifts from 111 background sources and includes 95 systems with previously known MUSE redshift and 16 systems (with 46 multiple images) for which we obtained spectroscopic redshift for the first time using NIRISS and NIRSpec spectroscopy. Three of the spectroscopic systems were not identified by previous JWST studies. The total number of secure spectroscopic systems is more than 20% higher than in the previous strong lensing studies of this cluster. The derived strong lensing model can reproduce multiple images with the root-mean-square distance of ~0.52". We also provide a full catalogue with 415 multiple images, including less reliable candidates. In total, we provide 15 new multiple-image system candidates (with 38 multiple images) not reported in previous studies. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of JWST, particularly NIRISS, for obtaining spectroscopic redshifts of multiple images. As NIRISS F115W, F150W, and F200W grism spectroscopy captures at least two of the [OII] {lambda}3727, [OIII] {lambda}{lambda}4959,5007, and H{alpha} lines at 1<~z<~3 (a redshift range particularly relevant for strong lensing studies) without target pre-selection, it complements MUSE and NIRSpec observations extremely well.2025A&A...696A..15Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/696/A15CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/696/A15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/696/A15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/696/A15https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/696/A15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/696/A15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/696/A15GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/696/A15/tablea1 (Multiple image candidates from Di24 with new CANUCS spectroscopic redshifts)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/696/A15/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/696/A15/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/696/A15/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true64.02711694-24.078616940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/696/A15/tablea2 (*New CANUCSmultiple image system candidates without spectroscopic redshifts)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/696/A15/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/696/A15/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/696/A15/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true64.03714-24.070011940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/696/A15/tablea3 (Images belonging to the known systems from Di24, added, updated or confirmed with our data)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/696/A15/tablea3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/696/A15/tablea3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/696/A15/tablea3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true64.02388-24.077610.0055555555555555566/34793https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/696/A15?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/696/A15/tablea1Multiple image candidates from Di24 with new CANUCS spectroscopic redshiftsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIdNamemeta.id;meta.maincharRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzniriss? NIRISS redshift (redshift uncertainty is estimated as 0.005(1+z))src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableznirspec? NIRSpec redshift (redshift uncertainty is estimated as 0.002(1+z))src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablezsys? System redshift (1)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableClass[gsb] Class (gold, silver or bronze)src.classcharJ/A+A/696/A15/tablea2*New CANUCSmultiple image system candidates without spectroscopic redshiftsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIdNamemeta.id;meta.maincharRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainn_z[*] Note on z (1)meta.notecharz? Eazy photometric redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullableE_z? Eazy photometric redshift error (upper value)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_z? Eazy photometric redshift error (lower value)stat.error;src.redshiftfloatnullableClass[gsb] Class (gold, silver or bronze)src.classcharJ/A+A/696/A15/tablea3Images belonging to the known systems from Di24, added, updated or confirmed with our dataIdNamemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintn_Id[*] Note on Id (1)meta.notecharRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzniriss? NIRISS redshift (redshift uncertainty is estimated as 0.005(1+z))src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablen_zniriss[*] Note on zniriss (1)meta.notecharznirspec? NIRSpec redshift (redshift uncertainty is estimated as 0.002(1+z))src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablen_znirspec[*] Note on znirspec (1)meta.notecharzsys? System redshiftsrc.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableClass[gsb] Class (gold, silver or bronze)src.classchar