Associated clusters of RGs and quasars J/A+A/695/A69 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/695/A69 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36950069 CDS Pan T. Fu Y. Rottgering H.J.A. van Weeren R.J. Drake A.B. Yue B.H.,Petley J.W. 2025-05-21T20:02:57Z 2025-03-07T09:11:09Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr galaxy-clusters active-galactic-nuclei quasars radio-galaxies The orientation-based unification scheme of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) asserts that radio galaxies and quasars are essentially the same type of object, but viewed from different angles. To test this unification model, we compared the environments of radio galaxies and quasars, which would reveal similar properties when an accurate model is utilized. Using the second data release of the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS DR2), we constructed a sample of 26577 radio galaxies and 2028 quasars at 0.08<z<0.4. For radio galaxies with optical spectra, we further classified them as 3631 low-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs) and 1143 high-excitation radio galaxies (HERGs). We crossmatched these samples with two galaxy cluster catalogs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We find that 17.1+/-0.2% of the radio galaxies and 4.1+/-0.4% of the quasars are associated with galaxy clusters. Luminous quasars are very rare in clusters, while 18.7+/-0.7% LERGs and 15.2+/-1.1% HERGs reside in clusters. We also note that in radio galaxies, both HERGs and LERGs tend to reside in the centers of clusters, while quasars do not show a strong preference for their positions in clusters. This study shows that local quasars and radio galaxies exist in different environments, challenging the orientation-based unification model. This means that factors other than orientation may play an important role in distinguishing radio galaxies from quasars. The future WEAVE-LOFAR survey will offer high-quality spectroscopic data for a large number of radio sources and allow for a more comprehensive exploration of the environments of radio galaxies and quasars. 2025A&A...695A..69P https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/695/A69 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to J/A+A/659/A1 : LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) DR2 (Shimwell+, 2022) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A69 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A69 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A69 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A69 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A69 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A69 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/A+A/695/A69/qw2mpc (Quasars and their associated clusters) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A69/qw2mpc? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A69/qw2mpc? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A69/qw2mpc? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 125.2318 52.865 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/A+A/695/A69/rgw2mpc (Radio galaxies and their associated clusters) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A69/rgw2mpc? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A69/rgw2mpc? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A69/rgw2mpc? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 111.3582 40.568 0.005555555555555556 5/514 544 1151 1242 1255 1308 1324 1327 1340 1342 1346 1368 1372 1384 1389 1392 1429 1456 1483 1489 1501 1530 1553 1557 1559 1584 1610 1617 1625 1829 1831-1832 1835 1837 1842-1843 1851 1862 1866 1888 2268 2275 2297 2349 2358 2367 2374 2377 2383 2411 2439 2441-2442 2454 2476 2497 2574 2576 2581 2597 2619 2630 2639 2658 2664 2668 2671 2681 2708-2709 2717 2727 2754 2760-2761 2775 2784 2787 2791 2816-2817 2824 2843 2858 2889 2892 2949 2951 2978-2979 4978-4979 4982 7039 7128 7140 7156 7159 7164 7167 8170 6/572 618 644 651 653 659 662 673 675-676 680 683 687-688 691 694 696 700 706 715 723-724 734 739 748 751 756 759 761 764 896-897 902 2048 2050 2053 2055 2061-2063 2071 2073-2074 2081-2083 2086 2089-2093 2096 2101-2102 2105 2107 2110-2111 2113 2120 2124 2127 2132 2135 2139 2147-2148 2150 2160 2163-2165 2167 2171 2180-2181 2183-2184 2187 2191-2194 2197 2201 2203 2207 2209 2212-2213 2215-2216 2219 2221 2226 2228-2229 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28646-28647 28649-28653 28655 28660-28661 28663 32510-32511 32673 32675 32679 32685-32687 32690 32697-32699 32762 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/695/A69?format=ascii Radio default J/A+A/695/A69/qw2mpc Quasars and their associated clusters recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Index [0/4551] Sequential number meta.record int RAJ2000 Right Ascension (J2000) of the source deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main DEJ2000 Declination (J2000) of the source deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main z redshift src.redshift float logL150MHz Logarithm of 150MHz radio luminosity log(W.Hz**-1) phys.luminosity;em.radio.100-200MHz double Cluster Name of associated clusters, JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS meta.id;meta.main char RAcdeg Right Ascension (J2000) of the associated cluster deg pos.eq.ra DEcdeg Declination (J2000) of the associated cluster deg pos.eq.dec Richness Cluster richness src.class.richness float Dproj Projected distance from source to cluster centre Mpc pos.distance double
J/A+A/695/A69/rgw2mpc Radio galaxies and their associated clusters recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Index [0/4551] Sequential number meta.record int RAJ2000 Right Ascension (J2000) of the source deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main DEJ2000 Declination (J2000) of the source deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main z redshift src.redshift float logL150MHz Logarithm of 150MHz radio luminosity log(W.Hz**-1) phys.luminosity;em.radio.100-200MHz double Cluster Name of associated clusters, JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS meta.id;meta.main char RAcdeg Right Ascension (J2000) of the associated cluster deg pos.eq.ra DEcdeg Declination (J2000) of the associated cluster deg pos.eq.dec Richness Cluster richness src.class.richness float Dproj Projected distance from source to cluster centre Mpc pos.distance double