J/A+A/695/A59ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/695/A59doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36950059CDSBoehringer H.Chon G.Truemper J.Kraan-Korteweg R.C.Schartel N.2025-05-21T20:02:55Z2025-03-07T09:09:41ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clustersx-ray-sourcesredshiftedFor a precise determination of cosmological parameters we need to understand the effects of the local large-scale structure of the Universe on the measurements. They include modifications of the cosmic microwave background, distortions of sky images by large-scale gravitational lensing, and the influence of large-scale streaming motions on measurements of the Hubble constant. The streaming motions, for example, originate from mass concentrations with distances up to 250Mpc. In this paper we provide the first all-sky assessment of the largest structures at distances between 130 and 250Mpc and discuss their observational consequences, using X-ray galaxy clusters to map the matter density distribution. Among the five most prominent superstructures found, the largest has a length longer than 400Mpc with an estimated mass of about 2e17 solar masses. This entity, which we named Quipu, is the largest cosmic structure discovered to date. These superstructures contain about 45% of the galaxy clusters, 30% of the galaxies, 25% of the matter, and occupy a volume fraction of 13%, thus constituting a major part of the Universe. The galaxy density is enhanced in the environment of superstructures out to larger distances from the nearest member clusters compared to the outskirts of clusters in the field. We find superstructures with similar properties in simulations based on LambdaCDM cosmology models. We show that the superstructures should produce a modification on the cosmic microwave background through the integrated Sachs-Wolf effect. Searching for this effect in the Planck data we found a signal of the expected strength, however, with low significance. Characterising these superstructures is also important for astrophysical research, for example the study of the environmental dependence of galaxy evolution as well as for precision tests of cosmological models.2025A&A...695A..59Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/695/A59CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/656/A144 : Superclusters in local Universe at z<=0.03 (Bohringer+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A59https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A59http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A59https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A59https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A59http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A59GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/695/A59/clusters (Catalog of the 185 clusters which are contained in the 5 superstructures)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A59/clusters?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A59/clusters?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A59/clusters?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true27.678933.08510.0055555555555555566/87 242 306 721 929 986 999 1006 1561 1580 1603 1714 2169 2378 2549 3073 3078 3082 3090 8263-8264 8266 8268 8271 8440 8442 8515 8520 8526 8537 8545 8575 8648 8735 8778 8788 9009 9013 9021 9036 9048 9052 9072 9287 9297 9443 9464 9468 9471 9516 9531 9583 9607 9672 9776 9793 9815 10095 10132 10182 10207 11636 15091 15241 15342 16492 16526 16599 16695 16713 16767 16852 17237 17395 17406 17442 17452 17515 17810 18003 18009 18016 18035 18168 18324 18411 18939 19269 19516 19608 19993 20021 20031 20072 20124 20481 20494 20567 20591 20640 20669 20706-20707 20734 21016 21036 21169 22545 22577 22614 22722 23092 23097 23226 26053-26054 26109 31080 31111 31407 31465 31551 31686 31693 31708 32445 33812 33863 34071 34161 34229 34260 34423 37513 37550 37567 38912 38975 39047-39048 39077 39079 39087 39137 39140 39170 39428 39459-39460 39528 39613 39633 39650 39658 39715 43412 43433 43451 43506 43600 43612 43644 43814 43830 43835-43838 43849 43891 43937-43939 43948 43950 43977 45042https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/695/A59?format=asciiX-raydefaultJ/A+A/695/A59/clustersCatalog of the 185 clusters which are contained in the 5 superstructuresrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameCLASSIX cluster catalogue name, RXCJHHMM.m+DDMMmeta.id;meta.maincharSSID[1/5] ID number of the superstructure (1)meta.id.parentintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatLX500X-ray luminosity (2)1e+37Wphys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatM200Mass in units of 10^14^ solar masses1e+14solMassphys.massfloat