J/A+A/695/A48ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/695/A48doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36950048CDSGoeppl C.Preibisch T.2026-08-28T12:01:03Z2025-03-05T07:28:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersstellar-associationso-starsWe use Gaia DR3 astrometry and photometry to analyze the spatial distribution of the young stellar populations and stellar clusters, and to search for new OB star candidates in the Carina Nebula Complex and the full extent (~5{deg}, corresponding to ~200pc) of the Car OB1 association. First, we perform a new census of high-mass stars in Car OB1 and compile a comprehensive catalog of 517 stars with known spectral types (128 O-type, WR, and supergiant stars, and 389 B-type stars) which have Gaia DR3 parallaxes consistent with membership in the association. We apply the clustering algorithm DBSCAN on the Gaia DR3 data of the region to find stellar clusters, determine their distances and kinematics, and estimate ages. We also use Gaia astrometry and the additional astrophysical_parameterstable to perform a spatially unbiased search for further high-mass members of Car OB1 over the full area of the association. Our DBSCAN analysis finds 15 stellar clusters and groups in Car OB1, four of which were not known before. Most clusters (80%) show signs of expansion/contraction, four of them with >2{sigma} significance. We find a global expansion of the Car OB1 association with a velocity of v_out_=5.25+/-0.02km/s. A kinematic traceback of the high-mass stars shows that the spatial extent of the association was at a minimum 3-4 Myr ago. Using astrophysical parameters by Gaia DR3, we identify 15 new O-type and 589 new B-type star candidates in Car OB1. The majority (>54%) of the high-mass stars constitutes a non-clustered, distributed stellar population. Based on our sample of high-mass stars we estimate a total stellar population of at least ~8*10^4^stars in Car OB1. Our study is the first systematic astrometric analysis that covers the full spatial extent of the Car OB1 association, and therefore substantially increases the knowledge of the distributed stellar population and spatial evolution of the whole association. It suggests Car OB1 to be the most massive known star-forming complex in our Galaxy.2025A&A...695A..48Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/695/A48CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A48https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A48http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A48https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A48https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A48http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A48GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/695/A48/tableb1 (Mean astrometric parameters for all clusters found with DBSCAN)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A48/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A48/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A48/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true154.3938318627605-56.87804146414940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/695/A48/tableb2 (Astrometric parameters, spectral type, effective temperature, to which population (clustered or distributed) a star belongs, and how the star was selected, for all Car OB1 high-mass stars and OB candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A48/tableb2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A48/tableb2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A48/tableb2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true161.0432266298539-59.71973952255460.0055555555555555565/9333-9335 9482-9483 9504-9506 6/37245-37247 37325 37329-37331 37365 37946-37947 38028-38030 38032 38048-38049https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/695/A48?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/695/A48/tableb1Mean astrometric parameters for all clusters found with DBSCANrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqCluster numbermeta.id;meta.mainintNMemNumber of cluster membersmeta.numberintRA_ICRSWeighted mean of right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSWeighted mean of declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRAWeighted mean of proper motion in right ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radouble_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decindexedpmDEWeighted mean of proper motion in declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleplxWeighted parallax meanmaspos.parallax.trigdoublee_plxStandard deviation of weighted parallax meanmasstat.error;pos.parallaxdoubleDist? Kalkayotl mean distancekpcpos.distanceintnullableb_Dist? 16th percentile Kalkayotl distance confidence intervalkpcpos.distance;stat.fit.paramintnullableB_Dist? 84th percentile Kalkayotl distance confidence intervalkpcpos.distance;stat.fit.paramintnullableONameCluster counterpart in literaturemeta.idcharRef? Reference for counterpart (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharCarOB1[Y/N] Cluster part of Car OB1meta.codecharsubclustersSubcluster associated with each other referencemeta.bib.bibcodecharJ/A+A/695/A48/tableb2Astrometric parameters, spectral type, effective temperature, to which population (clustered or distributed) a star belongs, and how the star was selected, for all Car OB1 high-mass stars and OB candidatesPop[C/D] Star part of clustered (C) or distributed (D) populationmeta.codecharSelectionHigh-mass star selection criteria (3)meta.codecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR3? Gaia DR3 Designationmeta.idnullableNameStar Namemeta.id;meta.maincharRA_ICRSGaia DR3 Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSGaia DR3 Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainplx? Offset corrected Gaia DR3 parallax (2)maspos.parallax.trigdoublenullablee_plx? Gaia DR3 parallax errormasstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublenullableTeff-esphs? Gaia DR3 effective temperature, teff_esphsKphys.temperature.effectivedoublenullableSpType? Spectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpTypeReference for spectral typemeta.ref;pos.framechar