J/A+A/695/A27ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/695/A27doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36950027CDSMaldonado J.Mirouh G.M.Mendigutia I.Montesinos B.Gragera-Mas J.L.,Villaver E.2025-04-29T20:01:00Z2025-02-28T09:16:35ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsgiant-starsexoplanetsstellar-massesmetallicitystellar-agesCurrently, the number of known planets around intermediate-mass stars (1.5M_{sun}_<M*<3.5M_{sun}_) is rather low and, as a consequence, models of planet formation have their strongest observational evidence on the chemical signature of mostly low-mass (FGK) Main-Sequence (MS) stars with planets. We aim to test whether the well-known correlation between the metallicity of the star and the presence of gas-giant planets found for MS low-mass stars still holds for intermediate-mass stars. In particular, we aim to understand whether or not the planet-metallicity relation changes as stars evolve from the pre-MS to the red giant branch. We compile the basic stellar parameters (metallicity, mass and age) of a sample of intermediate-mass stars at different evolutionary phases with and without evidence suggesting that they host gas-giant planets. The metallicities of the different susbsamples are compared and set in the context of current models of planet formation and stellar evolution. Our results confirm that pre-MS stars with transitional discs with gaps show lower metallicities than pre-MS with flat discs. We show a tendency of intermediate-mass stars in the MS to follow the gas-giant planet-metallicity correlation, although the differences in metal content between planet and non-planet hosts are rather modest and the strength of the correlation is significantly lower than for the less massive FGK MS stars. For stars in the red giant branch, we find a strong planet-metallicity correlation, compatible with that found for FGK MS stars. We discuss how the evolution of the mass in the convective zone of the star's interior might affect the measured metallicity of the star. In particular, if the planet-metallicity correlation were of primordial origin, one would expect it to be stronger for less massive stars, as they are longer convective during the stellar evolution. However, within our sample, we find the opposite. The lack of a well-established planet-metallicity correlation in pre-MS and MS intermediate-mass stars can be explained by a scenario in which planet formation leads to an accretion of metal-poor material on the surface of the star. As intermediate-mass stars are mainly radiative the metallicity of the star does not reflect its bulk composition but the composition of the accreted material. When the star leaves the MS and develops a sizeable convective envelope, a strong-planet metallicity correlation is recovered. Thus, our results are in line with core-accretion2025A&A...695A..27Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/695/A27CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/554/A84 : Abundances of evolved stars (Maldonado+, 2013)J/A+A/588/A98 : Metallicities and abundances of evolved starsJ/A+A/650/A182 : Homogeneous study of Herbig Ae/Be stars (Guzman-Diaz+, 2021)J/A+A/647/A49 : Chemical analysis of early-type stars with planetshttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A27https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A27GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/695/A27/tablea1 (Properties of the pre-MS sample (corrected version, 29-Apr-2025))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A27/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A27/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A27/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true23.6574111-15.67636080.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/695/A27/tablea2 (Properties of the MS sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A27/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A27/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A27/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true36.712742837.55048220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/695/A27/tablea3 (Properties of the red giant stars sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A27/tablea3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A27/tablea3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A27/tablea3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true2.0730517-8.82411170.0055555555555555566/341 377 1113 2335 2490 2541 2834 2837 3134 4227 4632 6006 6219 8704 9219 11352 12056 12306 12398 12482 12526 12612 12646 12735 12956 12995 13114 13414 13734 14013 14084 14372 14387 14446 14604 14667 14896 14906 15273 15363 17183 17262 17391 17421 17551 17731 17764 18416 18911 18953 19874 19985 20973 21402 21430 21436 21439 21456 21458 21885 22331 22511 22518 22828 22856 22860-22861 22882 22886 22895 22981 23387 23637 23717 23727 23736 24796 25863 26120 26298 28436 28539 28762 28921 29358 30064 30171 30398 30693 31259 31842 32065 32725 32731 33111 33377 34054 36351 36956 37175 37274 37676 37978 38223 38489 39228 39260 39429 39640 41734 42047 42072 42595 42644 42910 42931 42972 43224 43733 44049 44258 44356 44362 45041 45247 46939 48109 48933https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/695/A27?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/695/A27/tablea1Properties of the pre-MS sample (corrected version, 29-Apr-2025)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharGroupGroup I/II classificationsrc.classcharTeffEffective temperaturelog(K)phys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffUncertainty on Tefflog(K)stat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveint[Fe/H]Metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloate_[Fe/H]Uncertainty on [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharl_MassUpper limit flag on Massmeta.code.error;phys.masscharMassStellar masslog(Sun)phys.massfloate_Mass? Uncertainty on Mass (1)log(Sun)stat.error;phys.massfloatnullablel_AgeUpper limit flag on Agemeta.code.error;time.agecharAge? Agelog(Myr)time.agefloatnullablee_Age? Uncertainty on Age (1)log(Myr)stat.error;time.agefloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/695/A27/tablea2Properties of the MS sampleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharPlanet[y] Planet_host (1)meta.codecharTeffEffective temperaturelog(K)phys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffUncertainty on Tefflog(K)stat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveint[Fe/H]Metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloate_[Fe/H]Uncertainty on [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatMassStellar masslog(Sun)phys.massfloate_MassUncertainty on Masslog(Sun)stat.error;phys.massfloatAgeAgelog(Gyr)time.agefloate_AgeUncertainty on Agelog(Gyr)stat.error;time.agefloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/695/A27/tablea3Properties of the red giant stars sampleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharPlanet[y] Planet_host (1)meta.codecharTeffEffective temperaturelog(K)phys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffUncertainty on Tefflog(K)stat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveint[Fe/H]Metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloate_[Fe/H]Uncertainty on [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatMassStellar masslog(Sun)phys.massfloate_MassUncertainty on Masslog(Sun)stat.error;phys.massfloatAgeAgelog(Gyr)time.agefloate_AgeUncertainty on Agelog(Gyr)stat.error;time.agefloat