J/A+A/695/A233ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/695/A233doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36950233CDSRoeder J.Wielgus M.Lobanov A.P.Krichbaum T.P.Nair D.G.Lee S.-S.,Ros E.Fish V.L.Blackburn L.Chan C.-K.Issaoun S.Janssen M.,Johnson M.D.Doeleman S.S.Bower G.C.Crew G.B.Tilanus R.P.J.,Savolainen T.Impellizzeri C.M.V.Alberdi A.Baczko A.-K.Gomez J.L.,Lu R.-S.Paraschos G.F.Traianou E.Goddi C.Kim D.Lisakov M.,Kovalev Y.Y.Voitsik P.A.Sokolovsky K.V.Akiyama K.Albentosa-Ruiz E.,Alef W.Algaba J.C.Anantua R.Asada K.Azulay R.Bach U.Ball D.,Balokovic M.Bandyopadhyay B.Barrett J.Bauboeck M.Benson B.A.,Bintley D.Blundell R.Bouman K.L.Bremer M.Brinkerink C.D.,Brissenden R.Britzen S.Broderick A.E.Broguiere D.Bronzwaer T.,Bustamante S.Byun D.-Y.Carlstrom J.E.Ceccobello C.Chael A.,Chang D.O.Chatterjee K.Chatterjee S.Chen M.-T.Chen Y.Cheng X.,Cho I.Christian P.Conroy N.S.Conway J.E.Cordes J.M.Crawford T.M.,Cruz-Osorio A.Cui Y.Curd B.Dahale R.Davelaar J.De Laurentis M.,Deane R.Dempsey J.Desvignes G.Dexter J.Dhruv V.Dihingia I.K.,Taylor Dougall S.Dzib S.A.Eatough R.P.Emami R.Falcke H.Farah J.,Fomalont E.Ford H.A.Foschi M.Fraga-Encinas R.Freeman W.T.,Friberg P.Fromm C.M.Fuentes A.Galison P.Gammie C.F.Garcia R.,Gentaz O.Georgiev B.Gold R.Gomez-Ruiz A.I.Gu M.Gurwell M.,Hada K.Haggard D.Haworth K.Hecht M.H.Hesper R.Heumann D.Ho L.C.,Ho P.Honma M.Huang C.-W.L.Huang L.Hughes D.H.Ikeda S.Inoue M.,James D.J.Jannuzi B.T.Jeter B.Jiang W.Jimenez-Rosales A.,Jorstad S.Joshi A.V.Jung T.Karami M.Karuppusamy R.Kawashima T.,Keating G.K.Kettenis M.Kim D.-J.Kim J.-Y.Kim J.Kim J.Kino M.,Koay J.Y.Kocherlakota P.Kofuji Y.Koyama S.Kramer C.Kramer J.A.,Kramer M.Kuo C.-Y.La Bella N.Lauer T.R.Lee D.Leung P.K.Levis A.,Li Z.Lico R.Lindahl G.Lindqvist M.Liu J.Liu K.Liuzzo E.,Lo W.-P.Loinard L.Lonsdale C.J.Lowitz A.E.MacDonald N.R.Mao J.,Marchili N.Markoff S.Marrone D.P.Marscher A.P.Marti-Vidal I.,Matsushita S.Matthews L.D.Medeiros L.Menten K.M.Michalik D.,Mizuno I.Mizuno Y.Moran J.M.Moriyama K.Moscibrodzka M.Mulaudzi W.,Mueller C.Mueller H.Mus A.Musoke G.Myserlis I.Nadolski A.,Nagai H.Nagar N.M.Nakamura M.Narayanan G.Natarajan I.Nathanail A.,Navarro Fuentes S.Neilsen J.Neri R.Ni C.Noutsos A.Nowak M.A.,Oh J.Okino H.Olivares Sanchez H.R.Ortiz-Leon G.N.Oyama T.Oezel F.,Palumbo D.C.M.Park J.Parsons H.Patel N.Pen U.-L.Pesce D.W.,Pietu V.Plambeck R.PopStefanija A.Porth O.Poetzl F.M.Prather B.,Preciado-Lopez J.A.Principe G.Psaltis D.Pu H.-Y.Ramakrishnan V.,Rao R.Rawlings M.G.Ricarte A.Ripperda B.Roelofs F.Rogers A.,Romero-Canizales C.Roshanineshat A.Rottmann H.Roy A.L.Ruiz I.,Ruszczyk C.Rygl K.L.J.Sanchez S.Sanchez-Argueelles D.,Sanchez-Portal M.Sasada M.Satapathy K.Schloerb F.P.Schonfeld J.,Schuster K.-F.Shao L.Shen Z.Small D.Won Sohn B.SooHoo J.,Sosapanta Salas L.D.Souccar K.Stanway J.S.Sun H.Tazaki F.,Tetarenko A.J.Tiede P.Titus M.Torne P.Toscano T.Trent T.,Trippe S.Turk M.van Bemmel I.van Langevelde H.J.van Rossum D.R.,Vos J.Wagner J.Ward-Thompson D.Wardle J.Washington J.E.,Weintroub J.Wharton R.Wiik K.Witzel G.Wondrak M.F.Wong G.N.,Wu Q.Yadlapalli N.Yamaguchi P.Yfantis A.Yoon D.Young A.Young K.,Younsi Z.Yu W.Yuan F.Yuan Y.-F.Zensus J.A.Zhang S.Zhao G.-Y.,Zhao S.S. (the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration)2025-05-21T20:02:46Z2025-03-24T09:52:37ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleiquasarsvery-long-baseline-interferometrybl-lacertae-objectsThe 2017 observing campaign of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) delivered the first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) images at the observing frequency of 230GHz, leading to a number of unique studies on black holes and relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei (AGN). In total, eighteen sources were observed, including the main science targets, Sgr A* and M 87, and various calibrators. Sixteen sources were AGN. We investigated the morphology of the sixteen AGN in the EHT 2017 data set, focusing on the properties of the VLBI cores: size, flux density, and brightness temperature. We studied their dependence on the observing frequency in order to compare it with the Blandford-Koenigl (BK) jet model. In particular, we aimed to study the signatures of jet acceleration and magnetic energy conversion. We modeled the source structure of seven AGN in the EHT 2017 data set using linearly polarized circular Gaussian components (1749+096, 1055+018, BL Lac, J0132-1654, J0006-0623, CTA 102, and 3C 454.3) and collected results for the other nine AGN from dedicated EHT publications, complemented by lower frequency data in the 2-86GHz range. Combining these data into a multifrequency EHT+ data set, we studied the dependences of the VLBI core component flux density, size, and brightness temperature on the frequency measured in the AGN host frame (and hence on the distance from the central black hole), characterizing them with power law fits. We compared the observations with the BK jet model and estimated the magnetic field strength dependence on the distance from the central black hole. Our observations spanning event horizon to parsec scales indicate a deviation from the standard BK model, particularly in the decrease of the brightness temperature with the observing frequency. Only some of the discrepancies may be alleviated by tweaking the model parameters or the jet collimation profile. Either bulk acceleration of the jet material, energy transfer from the magnetic field to the particles, or both are required to explain the observations. For our sample, we estimate a general radial dependence of the Doppler factor {delta}{prop.to}r^<=0.5^. This interpretation is consistent with a magnetically accelerated sub-parsec jet. We also estimate a steep decrease of the magnetic field strength with radius B{prop.to}r^-3^, hinting at jet acceleration or efficient magnetic energy dissipation.2025A&A...695A.233Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/695/A233CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A233https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A233http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A233https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A233https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A233http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A233GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/695/A233/eht_2017 (Name, VLBI core S, Tb, Theta, z, B, d_BH, Lsyn)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A233/eht_2017?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A233/eht_2017?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A233/eht_2017?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true194.0465275-5.78931250.0055555555555555566/1701 4695 13927 17351 17414 19398 20099 26131 26292 27060 27765 29570 31894 36785 43262 480231.325213914061602e-24 1.5239960011708423e-22https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/695/A233?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/695/A233/eht_2017Name, VLBI core S, Tb, Theta, z, B, d_BH, Lsyn5GHzSnu? 5GHz VLBI core flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzdoublenullable8GHzSnu? 8GHz VLBI core flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzdoublenullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2GHzSnu? 2GHz VLBI core flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzdoublenullable15GHzSnu? 15GHz VLBI core flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzdoublenullable22GHzSnu? 22GHz VLBI core flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzdoublenullable43GHzSnu? 43GHz VLBI core flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzdoublenullable86GHzSnu? 86GHz VLBI core flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzdoublenullable230GHzSnu230GHz VLBI core flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzdouble2GHzTb? 2GHz VLBI core brightness temperatureKphys.temperaturedoublenullable5GHzTb? 5GHz VLBI core brightness temperatureKphys.temperaturedoublenullable8GHzTb? 8GHz VLBI core brightness temperatureKphys.temperaturedoublenullable15GHzTb? 15GHz VLBI core brightness temperatureKphys.temperaturedoublenullable22GHzTb? 22GHz VLBI core brightness temperatureKphys.temperaturedoublenullable43GHzTb? 43GHz VLBI core brightness temperatureKphys.temperaturedoublenullable86GHzTb? 86GHz VLBI core brightness temperatureKphys.temperaturedoublenullable230GHzTb? 230GHz VLBI core brightness temperatureKphys.temperaturedoublenullablezCosmological redshiftsrc.redshiftdouble2GHzFWHM? 2GHz VLBI core FWHM sizemasphys.angSizedoublenullable5GHzFWHM? 5GHz VLBI core FWHM sizemasphys.angSizedoublenullable8GHzFWHM? 8GHz VLBI core FWHM sizemasphys.angSizedoublenullable15GHzFWHM? 15GHz VLBI core FWHM sizemasphys.angSizedoublenullable22GHzFWHM? 22GHz VLBI core FWHM sizemasphys.angSizedoublenullable43GHzFWHM? 43GHz VLBI core FWHM sizemasphys.angSizedoublenullable86GHzFWHM? 86GHz VLBI core FWHM sizemasphys.angSizedoublenullable230GHzFWHM230GHz VLBI core FWHM sizemasphys.angSizedoubleLsyn230GHzSynchrotron spectral luminosity at 230GHz (erg/s/Hz)1e-07W.Hz**-1phys.luminosity;em.mm.200-400GHzdouble2GHzB? 2GHz Core magnetic field strengthGphot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzdoublenullable5GHzB? 5GHz Core magnetic field strengthGphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzdoublenullable8GHzB? 8GHz Core magnetic field strengthGphys.magField;phys.atmol.collStrengthdoublenullable15GHzB? 15GHz Core magnetic field strengthGphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzdoublenullable22GHzB? 22GHz Core magnetic field strengthGphys.magField;phys.atmol.collStrengthdoublenullable43GHzB? 43GHz Core magnetic field strengthGphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzdoublenullable86GHzB? 86GHz Core magnetic field strengthGphys.magField;phys.atmol.collStrengthdoublenullable230GHzB230GHz Core magnetic field strengthGphys.magField;phys.atmol.collStrengthdouble2GHzDist? 2GHz Distance between black hole and VLBI corepcpos.distancedoublenullable5GHzDist? 5GHz Distance between black hole and VLBI corepcpos.distancedoublenullable8GHzDist? 8GHz Distance between black hole and VLBI corepcpos.distancedoublenullable15GHzDist? 15GHz Distance between black hole and VLBI corepcpos.distancedoublenullable22GHzDist? 22GHz Distance between black hole and VLBI corepcpos.distancedoublenullable43GHzDist? 43GHz Distance between black hole and VLBI corepcpos.distancedoublenullable86GHzDist? 86GHz Distance between black hole and VLBI corepcpos.distancedoublenullable230GHzDist230GHz Distance between black hole and VLBI corepcpos.distancedouble_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNameB1950 source name (HHMM+DDd)meta.id;meta.mainchar