J/A+A/695/A131ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/695/A131doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-nq/lbdbCDSRaddi R.Rebassa-Mansergas A.Torres S.Camisassa M.E.Napiwotzki R.,Koester D.Tremblay P.-E.Heber U.Althaus L.2026-07-03T06:36:30Z2025-07-25T09:34:25ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starswhite-dwarf-starsstellar-massesstellar-radiiproper-motionsvisible-astronomyWhite dwarf masses are among the most important properties used to constrain their past and future evolution. Direct estimates of white dwarf masses are crucial for assessing the validity of theoretical evolutionary models and methods of analysis. The main goal of this work was to measure the masses and radii of white dwarfs that belong to widely separated, common proper-motion binaries with non-degenerate companions. These can be assessed, independently from theoretical mass-radius relations, through measurements of gravitational redshifts and photometric radii. We studied 50 white dwarfs with hydrogen-dominated atmospheres, performing a detailed analysis of high-resolution (R~18500) spectra via state-of-the-art grids of synthetic models and specialized software. We measured accurate radial velocities from the H{alpha} and H{beta} line cores to obtain the white dwarf gravitational redshifts. Jointly with a photometric analysis, formalized by a Bayesian inference method, we measured precise radii for the white dwarfs in our sample, which allowed us to directly measure the white dwarf masses from their gravitational redshifts. The distributions of measured masses and radii agree within 6% (at the 1-{sigma} level) from the theoretical mass-radius relation, thus delivering a much smaller scatter in comparison with previous analyses that used gravitational redshift measurements from low-resolution spectra. Our comparison against model-dependent spectroscopic estimates produces a larger scatter of 15% on the mass determinations. We find an agreement within ~10% from previous model-based, photometric mass estimates from the literature. Combining gravitational redshift measurements and photometric analysis of white dwarfs delivers precise and accurate empirical estimates of their masses and radii. This work confirms the reliability of the theoretical mass-radius relation from the lightest to the heaviest white dwarfs in our sample (~0.38-1.3M_{sun}_).2025A&A...695A.131Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/695/A131CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A131https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A131http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A131https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A131https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A131http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/695/A131GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/695/A131/tableb1 (Relevant Gaia parameters of the studied white dwarfs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A131/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A131/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A131/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.891110617.22674390.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/695/A131/tableb2 (Relevant Gaia parameters of the wide binary companions)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A131/tableb2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A131/tableb2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/695/A131/tableb2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.887432817.22699330.0055555555555555566/651 4614 8550 17723 17889 18250 18414 18532 19265 19419 19702 19975 21627 21910 22149 22178 22213 22748 23557 24583 24717 25563 26432 26916 27220 27435 27930 28460 29633 29636 29723 30696 31255 31690 31979 32952 32984 34347 34861 34867 35116 35274 35626 35670 37122 38298 38668 38955 39076 39396 39425 39918 40261 40540 41077 41868 42700 42760 43430 43577 43891 44169 44417 45386 46898 47289 483111.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/695/A131?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/695/A131/tableb1Relevant Gaia parameters of the studied white dwarfsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNameShort Name (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source_idmeta.idTypeWhite dwarf type assigned upon visual inspection of the spectra.meta.notecharplxParallaxarcsecpos.parallax.trigfloate_plxParallax errorarcsecstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRAcosDEProper motion along RA, pmRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRAcosDEProper motion along RA, pmRA*cosDE, errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharpmDEProper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDEProper motion along DE errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatGmagGaia G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatBPmagGaia BP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatRPmagGaia RP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/695/A131/tableb2Relevant Gaia parameters of the wide binary companionsSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNameShort Name of the corresponding white dwarf companions (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharn_SName[n] n = no deblended transitsmeta.notecharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source_idmeta.idplxParallaxarcsecpos.parallax.trigfloate_plxParallax errorarcsecstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRAcosDEProper motion along RA, pmRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRAcosDEProper motion along RA, pmRA*cosDE, errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDEProper motion along DE errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatGmagGaia G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatBPmagGaia BP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatRPmagGaia RP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatSepSeparationarcsecpos.angDistance;src.orbitalfloataSemi-major axisauphys.angSize;srcintDeltaVVelocity differencekm/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloatRVRadial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVRadial velocity errorkm/sstat.errorfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/695/A131/tabled1Spectroscopic parametersTeff1? Koester 1D Models effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNameShort Name (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharn_SName[cd] Note on SName (1)meta.notechare_Teff1? Koester 1D Models effective temperature errorKstat.errorintnullablelogg1? Koester 1D Models surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullablee_logg1? Koester 1D Models surface gravity errorlog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableDTeff3D1? Koester 1D Models effective temperature differenceKphys.temperature.effective;arith.diffintnullableDlogg1? Koester 1D Models surface gravity differencelog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;arith.difffloatnullableMass1? Koester 1D Models mass (5)solMassphys.massfloatnullablee_Mass1? Koester 1D Models mass errorsolMassstat.errorfloatnullablev(Ha+Hb)1? Koester 1D Models Halpha+Hbeta velocity (2)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_v(Ha+Hb)1? Koester 1D Models Halpha+Hbeta velocity errorkm/sstat.errorfloatnullablen_v(Ha+Hb)1[gl ] Note on v(Ha+Hb)1 (4)meta.notecharvHa1? Koester 1D Models Halpha velocity (2)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_vHa1? Koester 1D Models Halpha velocity errorkm/sstat.errorfloatnullablen_vHa1[gl ] Note on vHa1 (4)meta.notecharTeff2? Tremblay 3D Models effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_Teff2? Tremblay 3D Models effective temperature errorKstat.errorintnullablelogg2? Tremblay 3D Models surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullablee_logg2? Tremblay 3D Models surface gravity errorlog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableMass2? Tremblay 3D Models mass (5)solMassphys.massfloatnullablee_Mass2? Tremblay 3D Models mass errorsolMassstat.errorfloatnullablev(Ha+Hb)2? Tremblay 3D Models Halpha+Hbeta velocity (3)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_v(Ha+Hb)2? Tremblay 3D Models Halpha+Hbeta velocity errorkm/sstat.errorfloatnullablen_v(Ha+Hb)2[gl] Note on v(Ha+Hb)2 (4)meta.notecharvHa2? Tremblay 3D Models Halpha velocity (3)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_vHa2? Tremblay 3D Models Halpha velocity errorkm/sstat.errorfloatnullablen_vHa2[gl] Note on vHa2 (4)meta.notecharv(Ha+Hb)3? Gaussian fit Halpha+Hbeta velocity (2)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_v(Ha+Hb)3? Gaussian fit Halpha+Hbeta velocity errorkm/sstat.errorfloatnullablevHa3? Gaussian fit Halpha velocity (2)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_vHa3? Gaussian fit Halpha velocity errorkm/sstat.errorfloatnullableJ/A+A/695/A131/tableg1Photometric parameters of the studied white dwarfsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNameShort Name (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharn_SName[ab] Note on Namemeta.notecharTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffEffective temperature errorKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintRRadiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatdDistancepcpos.distanceintA(55)Extinction at 5500{AA}magphys.absorptionfloatMass1Mass averaged over the radial estimates of v(H{alpha}+H{beta})_WD_solMassphys.massfloate_Mass1Mass error over the radial estimates of v(H{alpha}+H{beta})_WD_solMassstat.errorfloatrho(M-R)1Correlation among mass and radius over the radial estimates of v(H{alpha}+H{beta})_WD_stat.correlationfloatVgr1Gravitational-redshift factor over the radial estimates of v(H{alpha}+H{beta})_WD_km/sphys.velocfloate_Vgr1Gravitational-redshift factor error over the radial estimates of v(H{alpha}+H{beta})_WD_km/sstat.errorfloatDeltaR1Difference in Radius with respect to the theoretical evolutionary tracks over the radial estimates of v(H{alpha}+H{beta})_WD_%phys.size.radius;arith.difffloatDeltaM1Difference in Mass with respect to the theoretical evolutionary tracks over the radial estimates of v(H{alpha}+H{beta})_WD_%phys.mass;arith.difffloatMass2? Mass over the radial estimates of v(H{alpha})_WD_solMassphys.massfloatnullablee_Mass2? Mass error over the radial estimates of v(H{alpha})_WD_solMassstat.errorfloatnullablerho(M-R)2? Correlation among mass and radius over the radial estimates of v(H{alpha})_WD_stat.correlationfloatnullableVgr2? Gravitational-redshift factor over the radial estimates of v(H{alpha})_WD_km/sphys.velocfloatnullablee_Vgr2? Gravitational-redshift factor error over the radial estimates of v(H{alpha})_WD_km/sstat.errorfloatnullableDeltaR2? Difference in Radius with respect to the theoretical evolutionary tracks over the radial estimates of v(H{alpha})_WD_%phys.size.radius;arith.difffloatnullableDeltaM2? Difference in Mass with respect to the theoretical evolutionary tracks over the radial estimates of v(H{alpha})_WD_%phys.mass;arith.difffloatnullable