J/A+A/694/A18ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/694/A18doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36940018CDSPerez-Diaz B.Perez-Montero E.Zinchenko I.A.Vilchez J.M.2025-03-03T20:01:56Z2025-01-29T08:48:23ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleichemical-abundancesvisible-astronomyThe chemical enrichment in low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs) is still an issue with spatial resolution spectroscopic data due to the lack of studies and the uncertainties in the nature of their ionizing source, despite being the most abundant type of active galaxies in the nearby Universe. Considering different scenarios for the ionizing source (hot old stellar populations, active galactic nuclei (AGN) or inefficient accretion disks), we analyze the implications of these assumptions to constrain the chemical content of the gas-phase interstellar medium (ISM). We used a sample of 105 galaxies from Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory Survey (MaNGA), whose nuclear central spaxels show LINER-like emission. For each scenario considered, we built a grid of photoionization models (4928 models for each considered ionizing source) which are later used in the open- source code HII-CHI-Mistry, allowing us to estimate chemical abundance ratios such as 12+log(O/H) or log(N/O) and constrain the ionization parameter that characterize the ionized ISM in those galaxies. We obtain that oxygen abundances in the nuclear region of LINER-like galaxies spread over a wide range 8.08<12+log(O/H)<8.89, with a median solar value (in agreement with previous studies) if AGN models are considered. Nevertheless, the derived nitrogen-to-oxygen ratio is much less unaffected by the assumptions on the ionizing source, and point towards suprasolar values (log(N/O)=-0.69). By comparing the different analyzed scenarios, we show that if hot old stellar populations were responsible of the ionization of the ISM a complex picture (such as outflows and/or inflows scaling with galaxy chemical abundance) would be needed to explain the chemical enrichment history, whereas the assumption of AGN activity is compatible with the standard scenario found in most galaxies.2025A&A...694A..18Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/694/A18CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/694/A18https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/694/A18http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/694/A18https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/694/A18https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/694/A18http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/694/A18GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/694/A18/tableb1 (List of galaxies and host galaxy properties in our LINER-like galaxies)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/694/A18/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/694/A18/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/694/A18/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true122.303234438.01772920.0055555555555555566/4647 4731 4840 4854 4857 4861 4989 4999 5029 5493 5533 5559 5751 5800 5825 5867 5958 5961 5966 5980 6209 6219 6385 6456 6553 6571 6580 6588 6630 7186 7307 7314 7339 8282 8288 8699 8702 8888 8891 9050 9161 9211 9252 9272 9279 9290 9311 9354 9424 9468 9470 9604 9612 9818 9830 9878 9921 9937 9949 9995 10113 10123 10182 10192 10259 10271 10285 10293-10294 10654 10662 10745 10798 10880 11065 11070 11080 11101 11137 11307 11312 11380 11438 17750 17755 17778 17819 18073 19048 19116 21853 23183 23205 23216 27223 27327 27433 27437 27522 32444 32447https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/694/A18?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/694/A18/tableb1List of galaxies and host galaxy properties in our LINER-like galaxiesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablezRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameIdentificators of the objects following the convention "PLATE-IFUDESIGN"meta.id;meta.maincharSpTypeSpectral type according to the BPT diagrams (1)src.spTypecharSpTypeWHANSpectral type according to the WHAN diagram (2)src.spTypecharR50R50 petrossian isophote from NASA-Sloan Atlas (NSA) cataloguearcsecphys.angSizefloatlogM*Stellar mass from NASA-Sloan Atlas (NSA) cataloguelog(solMass)phys.massfloatlogMHI? HI mass from NASA-Sloan Atlas (NSA) cataloguelog(solMass)phys.massdoublenullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/694/A18/tableb2Optical spectroscopic information for our LINER-like galaxiescHbeta? Extinction coefficient estimationphys.absorptiondoublenullableNII-6584Emission line ratio of [NII]6584{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetaspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiodoublee_NII-6584Uncertainty in emission line ratio of [NII]6584{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetastat.errorfloatSII-6717Emission line ratio of [SII]6717{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetaspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiodoublee_SII-6717Uncertainty in emission line ratio of [SII]6717{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetastat.errorfloatSII-6731? Emission line ratio of [SII]6731{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetaspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiodoublenullablee_SII-6731? Uncertainty in emission line ratio of [SII]6731{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetastat.errorfloatnullableSIII-9530? Emission line ratio of [SIII]9530{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetaspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiodoublenullablee_SIII-9530? Uncertainty in emission line ratio of [SIII]9530{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetastat.errorfloatnullableNameIdentificators of the objects following the convention "PLATE-IFUDESIGN"meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintWHaEquivalent width of Halpha0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_cHbeta? Extinction coefficient uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullableOII-3727Emission line ratio of doublet [OII]3726,3729{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetaspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiodoublee_OII-3727Uncertainty in emission line ratio of doublet [OII]3726,3729{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetastat.errorfloatNeIII-3868? Emission line ratio of [NeIII]3868{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetaspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiodoublenullablee_NeIII-3868? Uncertainty in emission line ratio of [NeIII]3868{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetastat.errorfloatnullableOIII-5007Emission line ratio of [NeIII]3868{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetaspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiodoublee_OIII-5007Uncertainty in emission line ratio of [OIII]5007{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetastat.errorfloatOI-6300? Emission line ratio of [OI]6300{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetaspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiodoublenullablee_OI-6300? Uncertainty in emission line ratio of [OI]6300{AA} corrected from reddening and referred to Hbetastat.errorfloatnullableJ/A+A/694/A18/tableb3Estimated oxygen abundances in the nuclear region of our LINER-like galaxies based on different grids of photoionization modelsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint12logOH-a08e02Optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-0.8 and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_12logOH-a08e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-0.8 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloat12logOH-a10e02Optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.0 and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_12logOH-a10e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.0 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloat12logOH-a12e02Optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.2 and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_12logOH-a12e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.2 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloat12logOH-a14e02Optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.4 and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_12logOH-a14e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.4 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloat12logOH-a16e02Optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.6 and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_12logOH-a16e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.6 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloat12logOH-a18e02Optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.8 and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_12logOH-a18e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.8 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloat12logOH-a20e02Optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-2.0 and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_12logOH-a20e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-2.0 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloat12logOH-ADAFe02Optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming advected-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) models and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_12logOH-ADAFe02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming advected-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloat12logOH-T50kke02Optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming pAGB models with T=50kK and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_12logOH-T50kke02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming pAGB models with T=50kK and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloat12logOH-T100kke02Optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming pAGB models with T=100kK and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_12logOH-T100kke02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming pAGB models with T=100kK and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloat12logOH-T150kke02Optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming pAGB models with T=150kK and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_12logOH-T150kke02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the oxygen abundances assuming pAGB models with T=150kK and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatNameIdentificators of the objects following the convention "PLATE-IFUDESIGN"meta.id;meta.maincharJ/A+A/694/A18/tableb4Estimated nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratios in the nuclear region of our LINER-like galaxies based on different grids of photoionization modelsNameIdentificators of the objects following the convention "PLATE-IFUDESIGN"meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlogNO-a08e02Optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-0.8 and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_logNO-a08e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-0.8 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogNO-a10e02Optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.0 and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_logNO-a10e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.0 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogNO-a12e02Optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.2 and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_logNO-a12e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.2 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogNO-a14e02Optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.4 and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_logNO-a14e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.4 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogNO-a16e02Optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.6 and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_logNO-a16e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.6 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogNO-a18e02Optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.8 and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_logNO-a18e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.8 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogNO-a20e02Optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-2.0 and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_logNO-a20e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-2.0 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogNO-ADAFe02Optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming advected-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) models and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_logNO-ADAFe02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming advected-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogNO-T50kke02Optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming pAGB models with T=50kK and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_logNO-T50kke02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming pAGB models with T=50kK and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogNO-T100kke02Optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming pAGB models with T=100kK and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_logNO-T100kke02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming pAGB models with T=100kK and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogNO-T150kke02Optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming pAGB models with T=150kK and efrac=0.02phys.abundfloate_logNO-T150kke02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundances assuming pAGB models with T=150kK and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatJ/A+A/694/A18/tableb5Estimated ionization parameters in the nuclear region of our LINER-like galaxies based on different grids of photoionization modelse_logU-a16e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.6 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogU-a18e02Optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.8 and efrac=0.02phys.ionizParam.radfloate_logU-a18e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.8 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlogU-a08e02Optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-0.8 and efrac=0.02phys.ionizParam.radfloate_logU-a08e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-0.8 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogU-a10e02Optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.0 and efrac=0.02phys.ionizParam.radfloate_logU-a10e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.0 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogU-a12e02Optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.2 and efrac=0.02phys.ionizParam.radfloate_logU-a12e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.2 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogU-a14e02Optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.4 and efrac=0.02phys.ionizParam.radfloate_logU-a14e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.4 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogU-a16e02Optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-1.6 and efrac=0.02phys.ionizParam.radfloatlogU-a20e02Optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-2.0 and efrac=0.02phys.ionizParam.radfloate_logU-a20e02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming AGN models with alpha_OX_=-2.0 and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogU-ADAFe02Optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming advected-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) models and efrac=0.02phys.ionizParam.radfloate_logU-ADAFe02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming advected-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogU-T50kke02Optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming pAGB models with T=50kK and efrac=0.02phys.ionizParam.radfloate_logU-T50kke02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming pAGB models with T=50kK and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogU-T100kke02Optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming pAGB models with T=100kK and efrac=0.02phys.ionizParam.radfloate_logU-T100kke02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming pAGB models with T=100kK and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatlogU-T150kke02Optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming pAGB models with T=150kK and efrac=0.02phys.ionizParam.radfloate_logU-T150kke02Uncertainty in the optical estimation of the ionization parameters assuming pAGB models with T=150kK and efrac=0.02stat.errorfloatNameIdentificators of the objects following the convention "PLATE-IFUDESIGN"meta.id;meta.mainchar