Late-type RSG candidates from Gaia RVS spectra J/A+A/694/A152 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/694/A152 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36940152 CDS Zhang Z. Jiang B. Ren Y. Zhao H. Yang M. 2025-05-21T20:01:28Z 2025-02-11T09:32:37Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr milky-way-galaxy supergiant-stars infrared-astronomy spectroscopy Red supergiants (RSGs) are essential to understanding the evolution and the contribution to the interstellar medium of massive stars. However, the number of identified RSGs within the Milky Way is still limited mainly due to the difficulty of measuring stellar extinction and distance. The release of approximately one million RVS spectra in Gaia DR3 presents new opportunity for identifying Galactic RSGs, because the equivalent width of the calcium triplet lines (EW(CaT)) in the spectra is an excellent indicator of stellar surface gravity. This work uses the RVS spectra with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greater than 100 to search for the Galactic RSGs. The dwarf stars and red giants are removed and the RSG candidates are selected by the location in the EW(CaT) vs. BP-RP diagram. The early-type RSG candidates (K0-M2) are then identified by BP-RP>1.584 and EW(CaT)>1.1nm. To identify late-type RSG candidates (after M2), the criteria of the average equivalent widths of TiO in the XP spectra (EW(TiO)) > 10 nm, the color index K-W3<0.5 and the period-amplitude sequence from Gaia DR3 LPV catalog are further applied to reduce the contamination of late-type red giants and asymptotic giant branch stars. This method yields 30 early-type (K0-M2) and 6196 late-type (after M2) RSG candidates, which is a significant increase to the present Galactic RSG sample. The application of this approach to the spectra with SNR>50 results in 48 early-type and 11491 late-type RSG candidates. This preliminary analysis paves the way for more extensive research with Gaia DR4 when larger spectral datasets are expected to significantly enhance our understanding of Galactic RSG populations. 2025A&A...694A.152Z https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/694/A152 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/694/A152 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/694/A152 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/694/A152 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/694/A152 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/694/A152 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/694/A152 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/A+A/694/A152/tablea2 (The 6196 late-type RSG candidates from Gaia RVS spectra) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/694/A152/tablea2? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/694/A152/tablea2? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/694/A152/tablea2? 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38550 38552 38554 38564 38573-38575 38578 38581 38583 38586 38588 38593-38594 38597-38598 38603-38605 38607-38608 38611 38626 38629 38632 38636 38638 38656 38658 38660 38665-38667 38676 38683 38690 38695 38703 38715 38720 38723 38730-38731 38749-38750 38778 38786 38789 38804 38816 38820 38841 38857 38922 38929 38940-38941 38959 38973 38980 38984 38990 38997 38999 39005 39010 39012 39015 39031 39037 39064 39082 39084 39087 39097 39107 39110 39120 39122 39126 39129 39132-39133 39135 39154-39155 39160 39162 39164 39166 39168 39170 39172 39177 39180 39185 39187 39194-39195 39200 39203 39205-39207 39212 39215-39216 39218 39220 39222 39226 39234 39236 39238 39245 39263 39266-39267 39270 39272 39276 39280-39281 39286 39292 39295 39300-39301 39306 39308-39309 39311 39315 39317-39318 39321-39322 39324 39330-39331 39336 39341 39344 39346-39347 39350 39355-39356 39365-39366 39370-39371 39374 39377 39381 39383 39387 39389 39394 39401 39403 39406-39407 39414-39415 39420-39421 39428 39432 39458 39462 39467 39494 39497 39499 39507 39512 39517-39519 39526 39532 39539 39543 39550 39557 39568 39575 39581 39589 39599 39617-39618 39636 39661 39679 39683 39685-39686 39688 39694 39699 39703 39709-39712 39721-39723 39729 39733-39734 39736-39738 39740 39743 39745 39749-39752 39756 39759-39760 39762 39764-39765 39769 39781 39783 39785 39787 39789 39795 39797 39804 39807-39808 39810-39811 39818-39819 39827 39831 39843 39858-39859 39863 39866 39868 39873-39875 39879 39883 39886 39888 39890 39895-39896 39898 39900-39901 39907-39910 39917 39924-39925 39927 39942 39948-39950 39952-39953 39956 39959 39965 39969 39975 39978 39982 39989-39990 39998 40000 40002-40003 40006 40008 40011-40012 40015 40019-40020 40025 40043 40045 40055 40065-40067 40071 40075-40076 40081-40082 40089 40093 40098 40106 40112 40114-40116 40121 40126 40128 40130-40131 40140 40142 40153 40158 40161-40162 40165 40172-40174 40211 40237 40244 40300 40329-40330 40349 40356 40360 40395 40426 40452 40454 40459 40464-40465 40472 40481-40482 40484 40495 40497 40501 40513-40514 40521 40524 40534 40538 40543-40544 40547 40549 40551 40553 40556 40558 40563 40569 40576-40577 40585 40596 40608 40610-40611 40622 40626 40632-40634 40642 40645 40653 40670 40686 40690 40692 40695 40697 40702 40712 40759 40774-40775 40782 40804 40816 40835 40842 40855-40856 40862 40864 40882 40898 40922 40937 40970 40992 40996 41001 41006-41007 41011-41012 41014-41015 41018 41021 41023 41028 41035 41037 41044-41045 41048 41052 41054 41068 41070 41075 41078 41083 41085 41088 41092-41093 41098 41102 41106 41112-41113 41118 41123 41125-41126 41131-41132 41134-41135 41137 41140-41142 41144-41145 41153 41155-41156 41159 41168 41170 41173-41177 41179-41181 41183 41185-41187 41189 41191-41192 41195 41198-41200 41202-41205 41207-41209 41211-41212 41215-41216 41219 41223 41227 41231 41235 41238-41240 41245-41246 41248-41249 41254 41261 41263 41268 41276 41278-41279 41284 41287 41293 41295 41298-41299 41305 41307-41308 41311 41314-41315 41321-41325 41327 41333-41338 41340 41343 41345-41349 41351 41353-41356 41358-41359 41361-41363 41368-41370 41372 41377-41378 41381-41383 41385-41387 41392 41394-41396 41399-41400 41402 41404-41405 41407-41409 41411 41416 41418-41421 41423-41425 41427 41433-41436 41438-41439 41444 41449-41453 41455-41456 41458-41459 41464 41466-41468 41470-41471 41473 41482-41483 41489-41490 41493 41499 41501-41504 41508 41514-41516 41518-41521 41524-41525 41536-41538 41540-41541 41543-41546 41556-41557 41559 41568-41569 41571-41574 41577-41579 41584-41585 41587 41604-41605 41608 41610 41614 41616-41617 41619-41620 41622-41624 41626-41627 41632-41634 41637 41639 41641-41642 41645-41647 41653-41654 41656 41660-41661 41664-41666 41668 41671-41672 41674-41675 41677-41679 41682 41684 41686-41690 41692 41695 41697-41702 41709-41711 41725 41727-41728 41730 41732-41734 41736-41738 41745 41747 41749-41753 41756-41758 41766 41769 41771 41774-41775 41781 41783 41792 41794 41796 41799 41806-41808 41810-41812 41815 41822-41823 41828 41834 41838-41839 41841-41842 41844-41845 41847 41850-41853 41859-41862 41868 41870 41873 41875 41878-41880 41882 41884 41887-41889 41892-41894 41903-41904 41908 41911 41917 41919-41922 41926 41929 41931 41934 41936 41938-41939 41941 41946-41948 41951 41958 41961 41966-41968 41970 41974-41975 41977 41979-41980 41983-41984 41987 41992-41993 41995-41996 41998-41999 42002 42005-42007 42011 42013-42018 42021-42023 42026-42027 42029-42031 42033-42035 42037-42038 42040 42042-42043 42048 42051-42052 42054-42055 42057-42058 42062 42064 42067-42068 42070-42073 42075 42077-42078 42081-42083 42085-42087 42093-42096 42098-42100 42104-42106 42108-42109 42111-42113 42115-42116 42118-42121 42123-42125 42128-42129 42132-42133 42136 42138 42140-42141 42143 42145-42147 42150-42154 42156-42157 42177 42245-42247 42249 42253 42635-42636 42638 42643 42652 42657 42659-42660 42664 42684 42691 42696 42698 42705 42715-42716 42719 42846 42858 42862 42869-42870 42878 42887 42910 42941 42947 42952-42953 42965 42968 42974 42984-42985 42999-43000 43002 43062 43068-43070 43082 43085-43087 43092-43093 43096-43097 43105-43107 43111 43115 43117 43120 43122 43131 43135 43141-43142 43148 43150-43151 43153 43155 43157 43164 43166 43178-43179 43183 43188-43189 43194 43198 43206 43210-43211 43213 43215-43216 43218-43219 43223-43224 43252 43254 43265-43268 43273 43279 43289 43291 43295-43296 43306 43310 43337-43338 43345 43361 43392-43393 43396 43404 43415 43425 43523 43526 43528 43531-43532 43534 43539 43541-43542 43544 43551 43553 43555 43573 43576 43586 43639 43641 43653-43654 43699 43708 43721 43725 43849 43877 43904 43940 43947 44038 44049 44096 44124 44186 44245 44255 44294 44300 44311-44312 44314 44321 44342 44357-44358 44362 44367 44371 44393 44397 44404 44408 44451 44496 44518 44573 44628 44707 45073 45094 45122 45184 45191 45198 45208 45210 45219 45223 45249 45387 45467 45488 45627 45669 45698 45778 45824 45868 45897 45901 45907 46011 46017 46172 46831 47145 47172 47190 47194 47232 47242-47243 47246-47247 47254 47256 47276 47285-47286 47333 47382 47439 47462 47550 47565 47596 47598 47611 47616 47625 47635 47637-47638 47641-47644 47646 47657-47658 47665 47667 47679 47685 47715 47717 47722 47734-47735 47746-47748 47761-47763 47774 47777 47779 47785 47797-47798 47801-47802 47813-47815 47835-47836 47852-47853 47914 47938 48023 48029 48046 48048 48057 48065 48067 48090 48109-48110 48120 48122-48123 48138 48380 48518 48566 48703 48803 48873 48962 49047 49060 49108 1.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/694/A152?format=ascii Infrared default J/A+A/694/A152/tablea2 The 6196 late-type RSG candidates from Gaia RVS spectra recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int GaiaDR3 Destination in Gaia DR3 main catalog meta.id;meta.main RA_ICRS Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main DE_ICRS Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main Gmag G-band magnitude in Gaia mag phot.mag;em.opt double BPmag BP-band magnitude in Gaia mag phot.mag;em.opt.B double RPmag RP-band magnitude in Gaia mag phot.mag;em.opt.R double RVSS/N Signal to noise ratio in RVS spectrum stat.snr double Ca8498 Equivalent width of CaII at 849.8nm nm spect.line.eqWidth;em.opt.I double Ca8542 Equivalent width of CaII at 854.2nm nm spect.line.eqWidth;em.opt.I double Ca8662 Equivalent width of CaII at 866.2nm nm spect.line.eqWidth;em.opt.I double Kmag K-band magnitude in 2MASS mag phot.mag;em.IR.K float W3mag ? W3-band magnitude in ALLWISE mag phot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15um float nullable TiO Equivalent width of TiO in XP spectra nm spect.line.eqWidth double e_Ca8498 Error in CaII at 849.8nm measurement nm stat.error double e_Ca8542 Error in CaII at 854.2nm measurement nm stat.error double e_Ca8662 Error in CaII at 866.2nm measurement nm stat.error double