J/A+A/693/A54ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/693/A54doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36930054CDSSquicciarini V.Mazoyer J.Lagrange A.-M.Chomez A.Delorme P.,Flasseur O.Kiefer F.Bergeon S.Albert D.Meunier N.2025-05-20T20:01:11Z2025-01-03T14:01:58ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsstellar-agesstellar-massesvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxDirect imaging (DI) campaigns are uniquely suited to probing the outer regions around young stars and looking for giant exoplanet and brown dwarf companions, hence providing key complementary information to radial velocity (RV) and transit searches for the purpose of demographic studies. However, the critical 5-20au region, where most giant planets are thought to form, remains poorly explored, lying in-between RV and DI capabilities. Significant gains in detection performances can be attained at no instrumental cost by means of advanced post-processing techniques. In the context of the COBREX project, we have assembled the largest collection of archival DI observations to date in order to undertake a large and uniform re-analysis. In particular, this paper details the re-analysis of 400 stars from the GPIES survey operated at GPI@Gemini South. Following the pre-reduction of raw frames, GPI data cubes were processed by means of the PACO algorithm. Candidates were identified and vetted based on multi-epoch proper motion analysis -- whenever possible -- and by means of a suitable color-magnitude diagram. The conversion of detection limits into detectability maps allowed for an estimate of unbiased occurrence frequencies of giant planets and brown dwarfs. Deeper detection limits were derived compared to the literature, with up to a twofold gain in minimum detectable mass compared to previous GPI-based publications. Although no new substellar companion was confirmed, we identified two interesting planet candidates awaiting follow-up observations. We derive an occurrence rate of 1.7_-0.7_^+0.9^% for 5m_jup_<m<13m_jup_ planets in 10au<a<100au, that raises to 2.2_-0.8_^+1.0^% when including substellar objects up to 80m_jup_. Our results are in line with the literature, but come with lower uncertainties thanks to the enhanced detection sensitivity. We confirm the finding, hinted at by previous studies, of a larger occurrence of giant planets around BA hosts compared to FGK stars; moreover, we tentatively observe a smaller occurrence of brown dwarf companions around BA stars, although larger samples are needed to shed light on this point. While waiting for the wealth of data expected from future instrument and facilities, valuable information can still be extracted from existing data. In this regard, a complete re-analysis of SPHERE and GPI data is expected to provide the most precise demographic constraints ever provided by imaging.2025A&A...693A..54Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/693/A54CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/693/A54https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/693/A54http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/693/A54https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/693/A54https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/693/A54http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/693/A54GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/693/A54/tablea1 (Stellar properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/693/A54/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/693/A54/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/693/A54/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true180.412986667-78.9880319440.0055555555555555566/377 601 722 4163 4190 4227 4674 4724 12467 12478 12592 12698 16393 16543 16606 16930 16993 17219 17274 17288 17398 17421 17552 17607 17752 17887 17929 18693 18797 19509 19923 20125 20129 20489 20505 20657 20676 21023 21050 21118 21139 21177 21180 21289 21386 21388 21462 21512 21624 21753 21954 21956 22010 22066-22067 22146 22277 22289 22511 22773 23094 23137 23140 23155 23230 23408 23870 24239 24796 24955 25096 25692 26521 26924 27006 27163 27201 27352 27392 27395 27735 27884 28041 28316 28696 29630 30049 30419 30467 30626 30793 31104 31259 31448 31776 32061 32147 32844 32891 32930 33193 33312 33361 33464 33500 33508 33572 33689 33691 33694 33707 33717 33818 33838 33849-33850 33937 33976 34054 34074 34146 34164 34203 34224 34244-34245 34269 34282 34406 34423 34479 34490 34509 34683 34754 34757 34823 34825 34829 34864 34875 34886 34930 34971 35077 35149-35150 35352 35474 35497 35836 35852 36036 36130 36351 36421 36487 36664 36697 36713 36762 36884 36969 37006 37012 37108 37121 37175 37186 37286 37298 37414 37419 37607 37616 37714 37765 37805 37810 37816 37968 37973 38061 38065 38084 38151 38223 38348 38382 38489 38687 38706 38765 38788 38792 38932 38936-38937 38950 38990 38996 39023 39025 39031 39044 39082 39263 39284 39373 39390 39429 39489 39625 39640 39692-39693 39735 39832 40021 40101 40165 40167 40206 40285 40442 40717 40784 40892 41087 41128 41158 41163 41210 41272 41295 41361 41376 41484 41528 41607 41618 41624 41632 41641 41643 41646 41648 41681 41710 41759 41798 41906 41942 41960 42036 42047 42072 42096 42143 42147 42252 42287 42555 42559 42563 42601 42613 42649 42677 42684 42694 42711 42714 42727 42754 42760 42808 42910 42913 42917 42941 43014 43021 43029 43055 43073 43094 43097 43139 43147 43150 43166 43168-43169 43197 43224 43229-43230 43232 43244 43272 43276 43292 43298 43331 43338 43345 43351 43361 43403 43469 43523 43529 43540 43558 43601 43639 43676-43677 43704 43809 44046 44069 44088 44132 44139 44146 44258 44312 44319 44359 44368 44502 44669 44935 45072 45247 45351 45374 45382 45388 45472 45475 45538 45564 45579 45621 45746 45927 45931 45964 46084 46113 46383 46598 46615 46709 46908 46925 46939 46982 47107 47151 47205 47287 47299 47389 47598 47626 47703 47706 47740 47775 47831 48021 48163 48274 48334 48394 48546 48613 48627 48749 48768 48910 489231.1166583743361574e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/693/A54?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/693/A54/tablea1Stellar propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMoreindicates more data in tables C1 and/or D1meta.ref.urlcharSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharGmag? G magnitude from Gaia DR3magphot.mag;em.optfloatnullableHmag? H magnitude from 2MASSmagphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableE(B-V)Estimated E(B-V)magphot.color.excessfloatYMGMost likely young moving group (YMG) (1)meta.id.parentcharPYMGMembership probability to most likely YMG%statfloatAgeAgeMyrtime.agefloatMassMasssolMassphys.massfloatRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryplxParallaxpos.parallax.trigfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchare_plxParallax errorstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatb_AgeLower ageMyrtime.age;stat.minfloatB_AgeUpper ageMyrtime.age;stat.maxfloatb_MassLower masssolMassphys.mass;stat.minfloatB_MassUpper masssolMassphys.mass;stat.maxfloatf_AgeAge method (2)meta.codecharJ/A+A/693/A54/tableb1Observing log for the observations considered in this workrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeeingAverage seeingarcsecinstr.obsty.seeing;stat.meanfloatAirmassAirmassobs.airMassfloatInttotTotal integration time (1)time.epochcharfovrotParallactic rotation over the sequencedegphys.angSizefloatProgProgram namemeta.idcharNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharName2GPIES namemeta.idcharObs.dateObservation date'Y:M:D'time.epoch;obsnullableJ/A+A/693/A54/tablec1Companion candidatesE_H2-H3? Upper error on SPHERE H2-H3 colormagstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_H2-H3? Lower error on SPHERE H2-H3 colormagstat.errorfloatnullableNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharSNR? Detection SNRstat.snr;instr.saturationfloatnullableDH2magSource-to-star contrastmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintH2-H3? SPHERE H2-H3 colormagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableMethodDetection algorithmmeta.code;obscharStatusClassificationmeta.code.classcharSepSeparation from the primarymaspos.angDistancefloate_SepError on separationmasstat.errorfloatPAPosition angledegpos.posAngfloate_PAError on position angledegstat.errorfloatH2MAG? Absolute SPHERE H2 magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatnullableE_H2MAG? Upper error on SPHERE H2 magnitudemagstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_H2MAG? Lower error on SPHERE H2 magnitudemagstat.errorfloatnullableObs.DateObserving night'Y:M:D'time.epochnullableJ/A+A/693/A54/tabled1Stellar companionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharSepSeparation from the primarymaspos.angDistancefloate_SepError on separationmasstat.errorfloatPAPosition angledegpos.posAngfloate_PAError on position angledegstat.errorfloatDH2mag? Source-to-star contrastmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableruweGaia DR3 RUWEstat.errorfloatPMa? Hipparcos-Gaia proper motion anomalymas/yrpos.pm;arith.difffloatnullablee_PMa? Error on PMamas/yrstat.errorfloatnullablesigniuweSignificance of RUWEstat.fit.goodnessfloatsigniPMa? Significance of PMastat.fit.goodnessfloatnullableMassBCompanion mass(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massintE_MassB? Upper companion mass(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_MassB? Lower companion mass(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.errorfloatnullabler_Obs.DateReference for observation (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_DH2mag[AC] Note on contrast (2)meta.code.errorcharl_MassB[B] Note on Mass (3)meta.code.errorcharConfirmed[Y/N] Companion confirmed?meta.codecharObs.DateObserving night'Y:M:D'time.epochnullable