J/A+A/693/A228ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/693/A228doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36930228CDSCifuentes C.Caballero J.A.Gonzalez-Payo J.Amado P.J.Bejar V.J.S.,Burgasser A.J.Cortes-Contreras M.Lodieu N.Montes D.Quirrenbach A.,Reiners A.Ribas I.Sanz-Forcada J.Seifert W.Zapatero Osorio M.R.2026-04-14T20:02:38Z2025-01-21T11:31:57ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsdwarf-starsm-starsMultiplicity studies greatly benefit from focusing on M dwarfs because they are often paired in a variety of configurations with both stellar and substellar objects, including exoplanets. We aim to address the observed multiplicity of M dwarfs by conducting a systematic analysis using the latest available astrophotometric data. For every star in a sample of 2214 M dwarfs from the CARMENES catalogue, we investigated the existence of resolved and unresolved physical companions in the literature and in all-sky surveys, especially in the Gaia DR3 data products. We covered a very wide range of separation, from known spectroscopic binaries in tight arrangements (~0.01au) to remarkably separated ultrawide pairs (~10^5au). We identify 835 M dwarfs in 720 multiple systems, predominantly binaries, and proposing 327 new binary candidates based on Gaia data. If these candidates are finally confirmed, we expect the multiplicity fraction of M dwarfs to be 40.3^+2.1^_-2.0_%. Only considering the systems already identified, the multiplicity fraction is reduced to 27.8^+1.9^_-1.8_%, which is in line with most of the values published in the literature. We also identify M-dwarf multiple systems with FGK, white dwarf, ultracool dwarf, and exoplanet companions, and in young stellar kinematic groups, and study physical separations, orbital periods, binding energies, and mass ratios. We argue that, based on reliable astrometric data and spectroscopic investigations from the literature, and even when considering detection biases, the multiplicity fraction of M dwarfs could still be significantly underestimated, encouraging further high-resolution follow-up studies.2025A&A...693A.228Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/693/A228CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2020)J/A+A/642/A115 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. V. (Cifuentes+, 2020)J/A+A/650/A201 : 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era first update (Reyle+, 2021)J/ApJ/926/1 : Gaia EDR3 triple stellar systems within 100pc (Tokovinin 2022)J/A+A/670/A139 : CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs (Ribas+, 2023)J/A+A/689/A302 : Multiplicity of stars with planets (Gonzalez-Payo+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/693/A228https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/693/A228http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/693/A228https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/693/A228https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/693/A228http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/693/A228GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/693/A228/tablea1 (Multiplicity status for 2214 M dwarfs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/693/A228/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/693/A228/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/693/A228/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.305041713.975750.0055555555555555566/22 30 45 64-65 103 105 115 120 131 134 137 139 158 186 194 239 250-251 280 287 297 304 307 309 323-324 342 349 390 401 410 428 439 447 477 487 497 518 527 535 541 546-547 572 574 589 610 614 624 634 636 638 648 685 691 696 705 722 725 728-729 734 778 791 793 804 811 824 826 835-836 838 850 861 865 889 918 947 963 1008 1020 1025-1026 1029 1032-1033 1039 1048 1052 1069 1075 1082 1090 1098 1109 1122 1126 1135 1159 1199 1212 1224 1232 1260 1264 1274 1276 1283 1325 1357 1395 1423 1456 1460 1477 1487 1504-1505 1509 1530 1547 1551 1570 1576 1591 1619 1628 1672 1675-1676 1703 1712 1718 1723 1739 1749 1757 1762 1782 1788 1791-1793 1808 1819 1822 1845 1856 1875 1896 1901 1911 1921 1926 1928 1938 1953 1974 1997-1998 2049 2058 2086 2091 2139 2144 2159 2190 2194 2226 2316 2330-2331 2335 2350 2354 2356 2405 2420-2421 2435 2462 2494 2505 2515 2545 2562 2572 2586 2597 2602 2604 2656 2660 2671 2681 2686 2691 2737 2747 2753 2764 2782-2783 2793 2800 2830 2911 2922 2942 2950 2953 2956 2970 2973 2994 3005 3015 3031 3034-3035 3043 3050 3088 3094 3118 3162-3163 3196 3227 3237 3252 3254 3266 3271 3280 3283 3291-3293 3309 3313 3320 3345 3347-3348 3374 3387 3395 3410 3414 3425 3461 3496 3507 3509 3512 3515 3517 3535 3543 3545 3553 3572 3579 3591 3596 3623 3626 3658-3659 3682 3715 3727 3737 3743 3751 3758 3766 3768 3774 3790-3791 3810 3816 3830 3837 3857 3863 3889 3900 3907-3908 3910 3934 3960 3962 3969 3999 4015-4016 4019 4033 4050-4051 4073 4094 4099 4103-4104 4127 4144-4145 4157-4158 4239 4250 4295 4297 4299 4301 4304 4327 4349 4365-4366 4375 4391 4401 4421 4444 4452 4462 4468 4510 4518 4520 4540 4553 4559-4560 4590-4591 4593 4595 4629 4651 4672 4685-4686 4689-4690 4693 4708 4716 4739 4743 4764 4769 4775 4801 4808 4834 4846 4867 4880 4887 4932 4936 4960 4964 4976 4978 4995 5000 5009 5041 5061 5145 5160 5176 5207 5212 5224 5241-5242 5258 5267 5278 5304 5315 5318 5333 5337 5343 5351-5352 5354 5387 5407 5420 5429 5439 5449 5463 5468 5488 5504 5514 5520 5533-5535 5540 5544 5558 5571 5590 5601 5610 5640 5651 5676-5677 5727 5733 5743 5758 5767 5769 5777 5794 5810 5819 5822 5842 5849 5854 5875 5902 5927 5929 5935 5948 5998 6000 6015-6016 6020 6026 6057 6073 6088 6097 6151 6153 6169-6170 6277 6295 6320 6325 6340 6346 6352 6354 6379 6384 6396 6401 6410 6419 6445 6521 6550 6552 6575 6637 6653 6662 6672 6676 6703 6705 6721 6726 6736 6750 6752 6776 6802 6809 6836 6845 6857 6879-6880 6888 6890 6894 6902 6924 6930 6934 6951 6966-6967 6970 6974 6977 6980 7003 7046 7059 7089 7103 7132 7147 7181 7186 7223 7231 7235 7255 7262 7264 7303 7330 7342 7344 7376 7391 7395 7426 7428 7471 7510 7512 7537 7543 7552 7562 7594 7605-7606 7611 7615 7623 7625 7664-7665 7679 7689 7696 7736 7765 7768 7772-7773 7775 7797 7810 7836-7837 7840 7850 7854 7876 7881 7908 7914 7920-7921 7928 7937 7940 7951 7963 7980 7984 8010 8022-8023 8050 8076 8090 8097 8100 8123 8154 8163 8165 8167 8169-8170 8208 8213 8240 8246 8249 8281 8324 8331 8343 8348 8355 8394 8440-8441 8483 8510 8523 8536 8562 8588 8591-8592 8608 8617 8627 8650 8652 8667 8683 8705 8723 8725 8733 8739 8750 8752 8756 8773 8776 8843 8861 8875 8888 8894 8902 8909 8911 8915 8940 8951 8985 8996 9042 9060 9064 9072 9083 9117 9119 9126 9154 9178 9188 9227 9249 9257 9266 9286 9311 9346 9359 9383-9384 9387 9399 9416 9428 9432 9436 9442 9471 9501 9529 9560 9578 9585 9597 9612 9629 9669 9681 9696 9710-9711 9745-9747 9750 9752 9759 9773 9775 9801 9825 9839 9867 9880 9883 9885 9917 9929 9954 9969 9977 10004 10027 10037 10040 10058 10074 10105 10138 10146 10149 10156 10169 10203 10225 10237 10247 10253 10262 10270 10274 10278 10283 10297 10299 10303 10381 10384 10388-10389 10416 10427 10433 10448 10464-10465 10467 10476 10488 10497 10544 10548 10550-10551 10580 10586 10626 10652 10669 10683 10694-10695 10721 10747 10771 10790 10795 10818 10849 10852 10884 10891 10901 10905 10912 10915 10961-10962 10964 10966 10983 10988 10995 10999 11029 11034 11044 11047 11072 11079 11118 11137 11170 11172 11177 11208 11238 11255 11271 11276 11280 11334 11371 11384 11387 11394 11403 11447 11459 11466 11482 11496 11499 11508-11509 11593 11636 11639 11655 11671 11682 11694 11697 11713 11717 11779 11784 11787 11796 11824 11862 11869 11875 11884 11897 11919 11923 11943 11955 11960 11962 11967 11974 11986 11998 12044 12077 12090 12092-12093 12110 12121 12127-12128 12140 12157 12167-12168 12184 12187 12191 12202 12208 12243 12253 12312 12329 12340 12359 12365 12385 12439-12440 12454 12462 12551 12568 12601 12616 12621 12652 12679 12705 12728 12732 12736 12777 12789 12791 12793 12795 12814 12849 12856 12865 12889-12890 12892 12915 12926 12976 12997 12999 13057 13065 13085 13096 13155 13157-13158 13175 13216 13260-13262 13270 13308 13340 13343 13355 13358 13371 13390 13417 13427 13432 13439 13451 13496 13512 13541 13549 13559 13567 13598 13622 13644 13669-13670 13688 13693 13695 13700 13729 13743 13748 13750 13788 13791 13793 13815 13874-13875 13883 13900 13903 13912 13926 13929 13960 13965 14019 14030 14072 14084 14124 14129 14159 14170 14176 14187 14192 14220 14252 14255 14266 14277 14297 14300 14314 14334 14373 14395 14398 14410 14419 14450 14454 14456-14457 14461 14467 14481 14487 14515 14548-14549 14570 14576 14580 14583 14596 14603 14606-14607 14648 14665-14666 14709 14760 14772 14781 14842 14845 14850 14858-14859 14882 14910 14918 14924 14935 14972 14979 14982 14985 14993-14994 14998 15013 15031 15052 15061 15078 15087 15097 15181 15228 15252-15253 15263 15311 15316 15324 15346 15351 15355 15367 15378 15391 15408 15412 15431 15442 15473 15516 15530 15548 15592 15596 15598 15602 15629 15632 15635 15651 15660 15686 15719 15727 15748 15763 15766 15774 15776 15792 15832 15842 15866 15885 15896 15924 15945 15952 15954 15960 15963 15969 16006 16021 16041 16052 16075 16086 16092 16103 16106 16117 16130 16137 16197 16201 16220 16222 16266 16285 16301 16305 16692 16708 16754 16758 16825 16827 16847 16959 16993 17017 17019-17020 17045 17058 17124-17125 17155 17186 17190 17202 17253 17255 17271 17283 17302 17348 17358 17383 17412 17455 17486 17490 17511 17534 17542 17572 17605-17607 17617 17712 17748 17773 17808 17813 17838 17846 17863 17870 17872 17875 17890 17897 17901 17916 17943 17954 17964 18007 18122 18141 18175 18195 18201 18218 18220 18268 18270 18325 18344 18354 18358 18364 18440 18450 18472 18482 18496 18538 18553 18555 18559 18569 18574 18588 18666 18685 18726 18747 18760-18762 18789 18796 18802 18856 18872 18913 18929 18931 18936 18942 18957 18959 18970 18976-18977 19014 19040 19050 19064 19068 19070 19103 19131 19133 19137 19144 19157 19163 19185 19187 19203 19211 19224 19243 19247 19257 19265 19292 19306 19312 19341 19352 19361 19382 19455 19466 19479 19482 19484 19514-19516 19536 19549 19554 19559 19601 19606 19612 19619 19658 19663 19668 19687 19701 19724 19751 19761 19770 19776-19777 19791 19808 19815 19817 19822 19852 19878-19879 19886 19890 19895 19901 19903 19911 19931 19948 19957-19958 19966 19984 19995 19997-19998 20000 20023 20053 20059 20064 20071 20074 20081 20084 20100 20109-20110 20128 20131-20132 20134 20154 20226 20238 20240 20291 20298-20299 20311 20314 20324 20332 20345 20352 20370 20379 20384 20389 20404 20432 20456 20459 20470 20472-20474 20733 20795 20803 20839 20867 20896 20923 20939 21050-21051 21136 21149 21151 21171 21180 21202 21242 21337-21338 21369 21381 21396 21420 21427 21475 21480 21504 21594 21646-21647 21660 21675 21681 21726 21737 21747-21748 21777 21838 21884 21890 21925 21928 21953 21969 21975 21979 21986 21988 22014 22040 22060 22090 22119 22148 22185 22202 22222 22237 22250 22256 22272-22273 22277 22289 22300 22309 22325 22336 22339 22343 22349 22357 22414 22491 22499 22518 22535 22550 22559 22575 22581 22603 22626 22636 22645 22657 22661 22687 22700 22708 22719-22720 22731 22739 22773 22787 22807 22813 22856-22857 22873 22904 22942 22952 22954 22959 22964 22968 22992 23010 23014 23018 23047 23078 23094 23135 23137 23144 23212 23228 23238 23265 23293 23329 23355 23363 23381 23383 23388 23391 23398-23400 23402 23424-23426 23443-23444 23452-23453 23482 23487 23492 23497 23503 23505 23519 23527 23532 23545 23547-23548 23557 23564 23575 23590 23640 23660 23696 23718-23719 23730-23731 23735 23738 23741 23743 23752 23754 23757 23765 23787 23793 23798 23818 23824 23857-23858 23865 23867 23897 23906 23910 23939 23964 23997 24004 24021 24040 24062 24087 24093 24103 24114 24174 24193 24201 24209 24212-24213 24223 24227 24231 24233 24236-24237 24239-24240 24249 24254 24271 24288 24297 24313-24314 24323 24336 24343 24350 24356 24359 24362 24369-24370 24413 24444 24491 24504 24507 24519 24561 24574 24824 24887 24977 24995 25009 25084 25175 25192 25198 25255 25281 25283 25300 25363 25374 25388 25392 25398 25426 25488 25512 25528 25534 25546 25595 25616 25623 25637 25653 25659 25669 25708 25733 25792 25828 25845 25849 25860 25862 25942 25954-25955 25962 25989 26005 26009 26041 26054-26055 26063 26076 26111 26129 26150-26152 26161 26170 26207 26240 26244 26279 26288 26299 26327 26388 26394 26401 26408 26467 26477 26487 26492 26495 26507 26538 26555 26560 26563 26583 26587-26588 26594 26614 26623 26699 26706 26714 26731-26732 26742 26755 26757 26768 26772 26821 26916 26967 26972 27000 27029 27055-27056 27067 27077 27091 27102 27104 27107 27112 27166 27169 27184 27201 27204 27260 27273 27289-27290 27308 27317 27320 27326 27357 27392 27404-27405 27419 27456 27459 27462 27484 27494 27509 27514 27519 27522 27578 27580 27592 27602 27611 27681 27704 27706 27730-27731 27734 27762 27770 27772 27787 27792 27799 27810 27820 27822 27849 27883 27912 27971 27973-27974 27995 28042 28060 28078 28087 28101 28135 28144 28148 28195 28204 28207 28223 28242 28266 28279 28283 28325 28341 28343 28382 28426 28438-28439 28454 28459 28477 28480 28484 28486 28492 28494 28510-28511 28519 28521 28528 28530 28548 28646 28955 29143 29146 29158 29170 29275 29303 29374 29430 29458 29524 29566 29595 29598 29684 29738 29764 29791 29855 30011 30035 30040 30078 30091 30105 30132 30156 30189 30195 30199-30200 30316 30321 30327 30334 30350 30387 30392 30405 30407 30429 30438 30451 30455 30464 30480 30490 30505-30506 30515 30522 30525 30576 30613 30624-30626 30638 30713 30729 30735 30771 30833 30863 30893 30910 30933 30956 30978 31001 31010-31011 31019 31031 31035 31096 31148 31191 31195 31214 31216 31226 31229 31300 31339 31351 31423 31450 31529 31535 31570 31592 31594 31602 31606 31613 31616 31630 31642 31651 31686 31730 31740 31767 31772-31773 31775 31781 31787 31803 31811 31813 31860 31884 31947 31956 31974 31983 31986 31994 31997 32015 32018 32033 32052 32063 32076 32089 32093 32104 32114-32115 32162 32164 32213 32217 32229-32230 32234 32240 32259 32262 32265 32278 32296 32314 32317 32319 32329 32335 32380 32392 32414 32419 32444 32452 32458 32491 32493 32499-32500 32507 32517 32541 32544 32547 32553 32561 32588-32589 32596 32599 32623 32645 32652 32730 32753 35830 36264 36313 36322 36348 36451 36454 36492 36496 36511 36526 36543 36583 36595 36609 36614 36643 36657-36658 36693 36732 36763 36801 36828 36830 36841-36842 40181 40250 40275 40309 40341 40359 40386 40402 40411 40430 40435-40436 40505 40513 40532 40610 40623 40679 40686 40717 40760 40772 40801 40820 40856 40868 40887 40941 44279 44284 44286 44378-44379 44437 44518 44541 44597 44681 44690 44696 44728 44751 44782 44793 44866 44899 44921 44936-44937 44960 44967 44970 48263 48274 48461 48485 48500 48516 48553 48633 48731 48800-48801 48902 48906 48926 48935 48958 48985 48999 49015 49018 49048 49056 49101 49113 49125 491468.157980699529898e-21 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/693/A228?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/693/A228/tablea1Multiplicity status for 2214 M dwarfsr_plxReference for parallaxmeta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDstarStar identifier (1)meta.idintWDS-Sep2? Most recent separation in WDSarcsecpos.angDistance;src.orbitaldoublenullableWDS-mag2? Magnitude of the second component in WDSmagphot.mag;em.optfloatnullableUg? Binding energyJphys.energydoublenullablee_Ug? Error in binding energyJstat.errordoublenullablecrit3[T/F] Boolean for physical association using criterion 3 (crit-rv)meta.codechar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountpos.eq.decindexedIPDgofha? Amplitude of the IPD GoF versus position angle of scan (ipd_gof_harmonic_amplitude)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableIDsystemSystem identifiermeta.id.parentintGJGliese-Jahreiss catalogue number (3)meta.idcharRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharSpTypenumSpectral type in numerical format (5)src.spTypefloatr_SpTypeReference for the spectral typemeta.ref;pos.framecharTypeType of system (6)src.classcharClassMultiplicity classsrc.classcharCompComponent designation and their resolution (7)meta.code.multipcharIPDfmp[0/100]? Percent of successful-IPD windows with more than one peak (ipd_frac_multi_peak)stat.fit.paramintnullableBPmag? Gaia BP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableSystemArchitecture of the systempos.framecharSBType of spectroscopic system (8)meta.codecharr_SBReference for spectroscopic systemmeta.ref;pos.framecharDiscDiscoverer code (9)obs.observercharGroupStellar kinematic group or association assignmentmeta.id.parentcharr_GroupReference for stellar kinematic group or association (10)meta.ref;pos.framecharNplanetNumber of confirmed planetsmeta.numberintr_NplanetReference for the discovery of confirmed planet(s)meta.ref;pos.framecharCategoryResolution categorymeta.codeintRemarksComments and remarks on multiplicitymeta.notecharWDSWashington double star catalogue (WDS) identifier codemeta.idcharWDS-compComponent in WDSmeta.code.multipcharWDS-Obs1? Year of first observation in WDStime.epochintnullableWDS-Obs2? Year of last observation in WDStime.epochintnullableWDS-Nobs? Number of measures of the object in WDSmeta.numberintnullableWDS-PA2? Positional angle in WDSdegpos.posAngfloatnullableWDS-mag1? Magnitude of the first component in WDSmagphot.mag;em.optfloatnullableSep01? Physical separation of the closest componentaupos.angDistance;src.orbitaldoublenullablerho01? Angular separation of the closest componentarcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullabletheta01? Positional angle of the closest component (11)degpos.posAngfloatnullableSep02? Physical separation of the second closest componentaupos.angDistance;src.orbitaldoublenullablerho02? Angular separation of the second closest componentarcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullabletheta02? Positional angle of the second closest component (11)degpos.posAngfloatnullablemuratio? Proper motion citerion for physical association (13)stat.fit.paramfloatnullabledeltaPA? Positional angle criterion for physical association (13)degpos.posAngfloatnullabledeltad? Distance criterion for physical association (13)stat.fit.paramfloatnullableMass? Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatnullablee_Mass? Error in stellar masssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatnullableRad? Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_Rad? Error in stellar radiussolRadstat.errorfloatnullabler_MassReference for mass and radiusmeta.refcharLBol? Bolometric luminositysolLumphys.luminositydoublenullablee_LBol? Error in bolometric luminositysolLumstat.errordoublenullabler_LBolReference for bolometric luminositymeta.ref;pos.framecharGMAG? Absolute magnitude in Gaia G-bandmagphys.magAbsfloatnullablee_GMAG? Error in absolute magnitude in Gaia G-bandmagstat.errorfloatnullableTeff? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_Teff? Error in effective temperatureKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullabler_TeffReference for effective temperaturemeta.ref;pos.framecharlogg? Surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullablee_logg? Error in surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatnullable[Fe/H]? Metallicityphys.abund.Zfloatnullabler_[Fe/H]Error in metallicitymeta.refcharq? Mass ratiophys.massfloatnullablel_P01Limit flag on P01meta.code.errorcharP01? Orbital period of spectroscopic binarydtime.perioddoublenullablee_P01? Error in orbital period of spectroscopic binarydstat.errordoublenullabler_P01Reference of the orbital period of spectroscopic binarymeta.ref;pos.framecharP02? Orbital period of resolved systemsyrtime.perioddoublenullablee_P02? Error in orbital period of resolved systemsyrstat.errordoublenullablecrit4[T/F] Boolean for physical association using criterion 4 (crit-rv-error)meta.codecharcrit5[T/F] Boolean for physical association using criterion 5 (crit-ipd-fmp)meta.codecharcrit6[T/F] Boolean for physical association using criterion 6 (crit-dupl-source)meta.codecharcrit7[0/3]? Boolean for physical association using criterion 7 (crit-non-single)meta.codeintnullablecritDR3NSClassification in the Non-single stars tables from Gaia DR3 (crit-DR3-non_single) (14)meta.codecharCandidate[T/F] Boolean for physical association using criteria 1-7 (15)meta.codecharGaiaDR3? Gaia DR3 identifiermeta.idnullable2MASS2MASS identifiermeta.idcharAllWISEAllWISE identifiermeta.idcharRAGdeg? Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ranullablee_RAGdeg? Error in right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degstat.errordoublenullableDEGdeg? Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.decnullablee_DEGdeg? Error in declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degstat.errordoublenullableplx? Parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigdoublenullablee_plx? Error in parallaxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublenullablepmRA? Proper motion in right ascension directionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablee_pmRA? Error of proper motion in right ascension directionmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablepmDE? Proper motion in declination directionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullablee_pmDE? Error of proper motion in declination directionmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullabler_pmRAReference for proper motionmeta.ref;pos.pm;pos.eq.racharRV? Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullablee_RV? Error in radial velocitykm/sstat.errordoublenullabler_RVReference for radial velocitymeta.ref;pos.framecharRUWE? Renormalised unit weight errorstat.errordoublenullableepsi? Excess noise of the source (astrometric_excess_noise)stat.fit.paramdoublenullablesepsi? Significance of excess noise (astrometric_excess_noise_sig)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableE(BP/RP)? BP/RP excess factor (phot_bp_rp_excess_factor)phot.color.excessdoublenullableNBPblend? Number of BP blended transits (phot_bp_n_blended_transits)meta.numberintnullableNRPblend? Number of RP contaminated transits (phot_rp_n_blended_transits)meta.numberintnullableVarFlagPhotometric variability flag (phot_variable_flag)meta.code;src.varcharRVchi2? P-value for constancy based on a chi-squared criterion (rv_chisq_pvalue)stat.fit.chi2doublenullableRVamp? Total amplitude in the radial velocity time series after outlier removal (rv_amplitude_robust)km/ssrc.var.amplitudedoublenullableo_RV? Number of transits used to compute the radial velocity (rv_nb_transits)meta.numberintnullableRVrnorm? Radial velocity renormalised goodness of fit (rv_renormalised_gof)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullableNAL? Total number of observations in the along-scan (astrometric_n_obs_al)meta.numberintnullableNgAL? Number of good observations in the along-scan (AL) direction (astrometric_n_good_obs_al)meta.numberintnullableDup[F/T] Source with multiple source identifiers (duplicated_source_meta.codechare_BPmag? Error on Gaia BP magnitude (16)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableGmag? Gaia G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatnullablee_Gmag? Error on Gaia G magnitude (16)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableRPmag? Gaia RP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_RPmag? Error on Gaia RP magnitude (16)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag? 2MASS J magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag? Error on 2MASS J magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHmag? 2MASS H magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag? Error on 2MASS H magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKsmag? 2MASS Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag? Error on 2MASS Ks magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableQf2M2MASS JHKs three-character quality flagmeta.code.qualcharW1mag? WISE W1 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_W1mag? Error on WISE W1 magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW2mag? WISE W2 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_W2mag? Error on WISE W2 magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW3mag? WISE W3 magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_W3mag? Error on WISE W3 magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW4mag? WISE W4 magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_W4mag? Error on WISE W4 magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableQfWWISE W1W2W3W4 four-character quality flagmeta.code.qualcharNameDiscovery or most common name (2)meta.id;meta.maincharKarmnCarmencita catalogue identifier (JHHMMm+DDdAAA) (4)meta.idcharr_Sep01Reference for the physical separation of the closest component (12)meta.ref;pos.framecharcrit1[T/F] Boolean for physical association using criterion 1 (crit-ruwe)meta.codecharcrit2[T/F] Boolean for physical association using criterion 2 (crit-ipd_ruwe)meta.codecharJ/A+A/693/A228/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.notecharBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notechar