J/A+A/692/A237ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/692/A237doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36920237CDSZangrandi F.Jurk K.Sasaki M.Knies J.Filipovic M.D.Haberl F.,Kavanagh P.Maitra C.Maggi P.Saeedi S.Bernreuther D.,Koribalski B.S.Points S.Staveley-Smith L.2026-01-20T12:11:51Z2024-12-16T09:14:26ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmagellanic-cloudssupernova-remnantsx-ray-sourcesThe all-sky survey carried out by the extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) on board Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma (Spektr-RG, SRG) has provided us with spatially and spectrally resolved X-ray data of the entire Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and its immediate surroundings in the soft X-ray band down to 0.2keV with an average angular resolution of 26'' in the field of view. In this work, we have studied the supernova remnants (SNRs) and candidates in the LMC using data from the first four all-sky surveys (eRASS:4). From the X-ray data in combination with results at other wavelengths, we obtain information about the SNRs, their progenitors, and the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). The study of the entire population of SNRs in a galaxy helps us to understand the underlying stellar populations, the environments, in which the SNRs are evolving, and the stellar feedback on the ISM. The eROSITA telescopes are the best instruments currently available for the study of extended soft sources like SNRs in an entire galaxy due to their large field of view and high sensitivity in the softer part of the X-ray band. We applied the Gaussian gradient magnitude (GGM) filter to the eROSITA images of the LMC to highlight the edges of the shocked gas in order to find new SNRs. We visually compared the X-ray images with those of their optical and radio counterparts to investigate the true nature of the extended emission. The X-ray emission is evaluated using the contours with respect to the background, while for the optical we used line ratio diagnostics, and non-thermal emission in the radio images. We used the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey (MCELS) for the optical data. For the radio comparison, we used data from the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) survey of the LMC. Using the star formation history (SFH) derived from the near-IR photometry of the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds (VMC) we have investigated the possible progenitor type of the new SNRs and SNR candidates in our sample. We present the most updated catalogue of SNRs in the LMC. Previously known SNRs and candidates were detected with 1{sigma} significance down to a surface brightness of {SIGMA}[0.2-5.0keV]=3*10^-15^erg/s/cm^2/arcmin^2^ and were examined. The eROSITA data have allowed us to confirm one of the previous candidates as an SNR. We confirm three newly detected extended sources as new SNRs, while we propose 13 extended sources as new X-ray SNR candidates. We also present the analysis of the follow-up XMM-Newton observation of MCSNR J0456-6533 discovered with eROSITA. Among the new candidates, we propose J0614-7251 (4eRASSU J061438.1-725112) as the first X-ray SNR candidate in the outskirts of the LMC.2024A&A...692A.237Zhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/692/A237CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+AS/139/277 : LMC X-ray sources ROSAT PSPC catalogue (Haberl+, 1999)J/A+A/585/A162 : X-ray supernova remnants in LMC (Maggi+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/692/A237https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/692/A237http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/692/A237https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/692/A237https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/692/A237http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/692/A237GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/692/A237/tabled1 (X-ray properties of the entire catalogue of MCSNR in the LMC)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true71.800833-69.3211110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/692/A237/tabled2 (X-ray properties of the MCSNR discovered by eROSITA and confirmed in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true74.21125-65.5455560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/692/A237/tabled3 (X-ray properties of the MCSNR confirmed by eROSITA in this work and proposed in Yew et al., 2021MNRAS.500.2336Y)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true73.5825-70.05750.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/692/A237/tabled4 (X-ray properties of the 13 new SNR candidates proposed in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true72.940417-67.290.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/692/A237/tabled5 (X-ray properties of the MCSNRs confirmed in other works and not included in the catalogue of Maggi et al., 2016A&A...585A.162M, Cat. J/A+A/585/A162)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true71.800833-69.3211110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/692/A237/tabled6 (X-ray properties of SNR candidates proposed in other studies does not show 3-sigma eROSITA detection)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A237/tabled6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true71.115833-67.9702780.0055555555555555565/8263 8269 8274 8278 8280 6/33046 33051 33075 33085 33089-33092 33094-33095 33101-33104 33107-33110 33116 33124 33126-33127 33129 33136 33138 33140 37416 37507https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/692/A237?format=asciiX-raydefaultJ/A+A/692/A237/tabled1X-ray properties of the entire catalogue of MCSNR in the LMCSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHRsindicates harness ratios in tables D2, D3 or D5meta.ref.urlcharMCSNRSource name (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Right ascension of the source (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of the source (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainMajAxisSize extension of the source along the major axis (G1)arcminphys.angSizefloatMinAxisSize extension of the source along the minor axis (G1)arcminphys.angSize;srcfloatPAAngle between the major axis and the North (G1)degpos.posAngintShapeShape of the region used for the extraction of the count rate and the hardness ratiosmeta.notecharl_CRateLimt flag on CRatemeta.code.errorcharCRateNet count rate of the source collected by TM 12346 in the energy band 0.2-5.0keV (G2)ct/sphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_CRate? Error on the net count rate (G2)ct/sstat.errordoublenullableRefReference paper that first discussed the source, in refs.dat filemeta.bibcharNote[*] Individual note (1)meta.notecharJ/A+A/692/A237/tabled2X-ray properties of the MCSNR discovered by eROSITA and confirmed in this workSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharMCSNRSource name (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension of the source (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of the source (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainMajAxisExtention of the source along the major axis (G1)arcminphys.angSizefloatMinAxisExtention of the source along the minor axis (G1)arcminphys.angSize;srcfloatPAAngle between the major axis and the North (G1)degpos.posAngintCRateNet count rate of the source collected by TM 12346 in the energy band 0.2-5.0 keV (G2)ct/sphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_CRate? Error on the net count rate (G2)ct/sstat.errordoublenullableHR1? Harness ratio of the source in the range 0.3-1.1 keV (G3)meta.notefloatnullablee_HR1? Error on the HR1 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableHR2? Harness ratio of the source in the range 0.7-2.3 keV (G3)meta.notefloatnullablee_HR2? Error on the HR2 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableHR3? Harness ratio of the source in the range 1.1-4.0 keV (G3)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_HR3? Error on the HR3 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableShapeShape of the region used for the extraction of the count rate and the hardness ratios (G2)meta.notecharl_CRateLimit flag on CRatemeta.code.errorcharRefReference paper that confirmed the source as MCSNR, in refs.dat filemeta.bibcharJ/A+A/692/A237/tabled3X-ray properties of the MCSNR confirmed by eROSITA in this work and proposed in Yew et al., 2021MNRAS.500.2336YSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMCSNRSource name (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension of the source (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of the source (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainMajAxisExtention of the source along the major axis (G1)arcminphys.angSizefloatMinAxisExtention of the source along the minor axis (G1)arcminphys.angSize;srcfloatPAAngle between the major axis and the North (G1)degpos.posAngintShapeShape of the region used for the extraction of the count rate and the hardness ratios (G2)meta.notecharl_CRateLimit flag on CRatemeta.code.errorcharCRateNet count rate of the source collected by TM 12346 in the energy band 0.2-5.0 keV (G2)ct/sphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_CRate? Error on the net count rate (G2)ct/sstat.errordoublenullableHR1? Harness ratio of the source in the range 0.3-1.1 keV (G3)meta.notefloatnullablee_HR1? Error on the HR1 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableHR2? Harness ratio of the source in the range 0.7-2.3 keV (G3)meta.notefloatnullablee_HR2? Error on the HR2 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableHR3? Harness ratio of the source in the range 1.1-4.0 keV (G3)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_HR3? Error on the HR3 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableRefReference paper that confirmed the source as MCSNR, in refs.dat filemeta.bibcharJ/A+A/692/A237/tabled4X-ray properties of the 13 new SNR candidates proposed in this workSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension of the source (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of the source (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainMajAxisExtention of the source along the major axis (G1)arcminphys.angSizefloatMinAxisExtention of the source along the minor axis (G1)arcminphys.angSize;srcfloatPAAngle between the major axis and the North (G1)degpos.posAngintCRateNet count rate of the source collected by TM 12346 in the energy band 0.2-5.0 keV (G2)ct/sphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_CRate? Error on the net count rate (G2)ct/sstat.errordoublenullableHR1? Harness ratio of the source in the range 0.3-1.1 keV (G3)meta.notefloatnullablee_HR1? Error on the HR1 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableHR2? Harness ratio of the source in the range 0.7-2.3 keV (G3)meta.notefloatnullablee_HR2? Error on the HR2 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableHR3? Harness ratio of the source in the range 1.1-4.0 keV (G3)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_HR3? Error on the HR3 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableSourceSource name (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharShapeShape of the region used for the extraction of the count rate and the hardness ratios (G2)meta.notecharJ/A+A/692/A237/tabled5X-ray properties of the MCSNRs confirmed in other works and not included in the catalogue of Maggi et al., 2016A&A...585A.162M, Cat. J/A+A/585/A162recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMCSNRSource name (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension of the source (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of the source (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainMajAxisExtention of the source along the major axis (G1)arcminphys.angSizefloatMinAxisExtention of the source along the minor axis (G1)arcminphys.angSize;srcfloatPAAngle between the major axis and the North (G1)degpos.posAngintShapeShape of the region used for the extraction of the count rate and the hardness ratios (G2)meta.notecharl_CRateLimit flag on CRatemeta.code.errorcharCRateNet count rate of the source collected by TM 12346 in the energy band 0.2-5.0 keV (G2)ct/sphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_CRate? Error on the net count rate (G2)ct/sstat.errordoublenullableHR1? Harness ratio of the source in the range 0.3-1.1 keV (G3)meta.notefloatnullablee_HR1? Error on the HR1 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableHR2? Harness ratio of the source in the range 0.7-2.3 keV (G3)meta.notefloatnullablee_HR2? Error on the HR2 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableHR3? Harness ratio of the source in the range 1.1-4.0 keV (G3)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_HR3? Error on the HR3 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableRefReference paper that confirmed the source as MCSNR, in refs.dat filemeta.bibcharJ/A+A/692/A237/tabled6X-ray properties of SNR candidates proposed in other studies does not show 3-sigma eROSITA detectionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension of the source (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of the source (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainMajAxisExtention of the source along the major axis (G1)arcminphys.angSizefloatMinAxisExtention of the source along the minor axis (G1)arcminphys.angSize;srcfloatPAAngle between the major axis and the North (G1)degpos.posAngintShapeShape of the region used for the extraction of the count rate and the hardness ratios (G2)meta.notecharl_CRateLimit flag on CRatemeta.code.errorcharCRateNet count rate of the source collected by TM 12346 in the energy band 0.2-5.0keV (G2)ct/sphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_CRate? Error on the net count rate (G2)ct/sstat.errordoublenullableHR1? Harness ratio of the source in the range 0.3-1.1keV (G3)meta.notefloatnullablee_HR1? Error on the HR1 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableHR2? Harness ratio of the source in the range 0.7-2.3keV (G3)meta.notefloatnullablee_HR2? Error on the HR2 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableHR3? Harness ratio of the source in the range 1.1-4.0keV (G3)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_HR3? Error on the HR3 (G3)stat.errorfloatnullableRefReference paper that confirmed the source as MCSNR, in refs.dat filemeta.bibcharSourceSource name (JHHMM+DDMMa)meta.id;meta.maincharJ/A+A/692/A237/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.notecharBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notechar