J/A+A/692/A138ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/692/A138doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36920138CDSRuh H.L.Zechmeister M.Reiners A.Nagel E.Shan Y.Cifuentes C.,Jeffers S.V.Tal-Or L.Bejar V.J.S.Amado P.J.Caballero J.A.,Quirrenbach A.Ribas I.Aceituno J.Hatzes A.P.Henning T.,Kaminski A.Montes D.Morales J.C.Schoefer P.Schweitzer A.Varas R.2025-10-13T20:01:20Z2024-12-06T12:07:49ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsmagnetic-fieldsradial-velocityRadial velocity (RV) jitter represents an intrinsic limitation on the precision of Doppler searches for exoplanets that can originate from both instrumental and astrophysical sources. We aim to determine the RV jitter floor in M dwarfs and investigate the stellar properties that lead to stellar activity-induced RV jitter. We determine the RV jitter in 239 M dwarfs from the CARMENES survey, which are predominantly of mid-to-late spectral type and solar metallicity. We also investigate the correlation between stellar rotation and magnetic fields with RV jitter. The median jitter in the CARMENES sample is 3.1m/s, and 2.3m/s for stars with an upper limit of 2km/s on their projected rotation velocities. We provide a relation between the stellar equatorial rotation velocity and RV jitter in M dwarfs based on a sub-sample of 129 well-characterized CARMENES stars. Stellar rotation-induced RV jitter dominates for stars with equatorial rotation velocities greater than 1km/s. A jitter floor of 2m/s dominates in stars with equatorial rotation velocities below 1km/s. This jitter floor likely contains contributions from stellar jitter, instrumental jitter and undetected companions. We study the impact of the average magnetic field and the distributions of magnetic filling factors on the RV jitter. We find a series of stars with excess RV jitter and distinctive distributions of magnetic filling factors, characterized by a dominant magnetic field component between 2 to 4kG. A radial velocity jitter floor can be distinguished from activity-rotation- induced RV jitter based on the stellar equatorial rotation velocity. Activity-rotation-induced RV jitter depends primarily on the equatorial rotation velocity. Activity-rotation-induced RV jitter is also related to the distribution of magnetic filling factors, emphasizing the role of the magnetic field in the generation of RV jitter.2024A&A...692A.138Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/692/A138CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/692/A138https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/692/A138http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/692/A138https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/692/A138https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/692/A138http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/692/A138GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/692/A138/tabled1CARMENES VIS jitter samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKarmnCARMENES star namemeta.id;meta.maincharNameAlternative star namemeta.idcharR? Stellar radius in solar unitssolRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_R? Stellar radius in solar units uncertaintysolRadstat.errorfloatnullableProt? Stellar rotation perioddtime.periodfloatnullablee_Prot? Stellar rotation period uncertaintydstat.errorfloatnullabler_ProtReference of the rotation period (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharveq? Equatorial velocitykm/sphys.velocfloatnullablee_veq? Equatorial velocity uncertaintykm/sstat.errorfloatnullablevsini? Rotational velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatfloatnullablee_vsini? Rotational velocity uncertaintykm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatnullablef_vsiniLimit flag on vsinimeta.codecharr_vsiniReference of vsini (2)meta.refcharlogRo? Logarithmic Rossby number of the starstat.paramfloatnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablef_BLimit flag on Bmeta.codecharB? Average magnetic fieldGphys.magFieldintnullablee_B? Average magnetic field uncertaintyGstat.errorintnullablez? Filling factor distribution indexstat.fit.paramfloatnullableNRV? Number of radial velocity measurementsmeta.numberintnullablesjitterRadial velocity jitter (3)m/sphys.velocdoublen_sjitter[i] i for imaginary (3)meta.notechare_sjitterRadial velocity jitter uncertaintym/sstat.errorfloatn_e_sjitter[i] i for imaginary (3)meta.notechar