J/A+A/692/A125ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/692/A125doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36920125CDSRodriguez M.I.Lisenfeld U.Duarte-Puertas S.Espada D.,Dominguez-Gomez J.Sanchez-Portal M.Bongiovanni A.Alcazar-Laynez M.,Argudo-Fernandez M.Bidaran B.De Daniloff S.B.Falcon-Barroso J.,Florido E.Garcia-Benito R.Jimenez A.Kreckel K.Peletier R.F.,Perez I.Ruiz-Lara T.Sanchez-Menguiano L.Torres-Rios G.,Villalba-Gonzalez P.Verley S.Zurita A.2026-01-30T20:01:07Z2024-12-05T09:19:23ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinterstellar-mediumgalaxiesco-line-emissionradio-astronomyCosmic voids, distinguished by their low-density environment, provide a unique opportunity to explore the interplay between the cosmic environment and the processes of galaxy formation and evolution. Data on the molecular gas has been scarce so far. In this paper, we continue previous research done in the CO-CAVITY pilot project to study the molecular gas content and properties in void galaxies to search for possible differences compared to galaxies that inhabit denser structures. We observed at the IRAM 30m telescope the CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) emission of 106 void galaxies selected from the CAVITY survey. Together with data from the literature, we obtained a sample of 200 void galaxies with CO data. We conducted a comprehensive comparison of the specific star formation rate (sSFR=SFR/M*), the molecular gas fraction (MH_2_/M*), and the star formation efficiency (SFE=SFR/MH_2_) between the void galaxies and a comparison sample of galaxies in filaments and walls, selected from the xCOLD GASS survey. We found no statistically significant difference between void galaxies and the comparison sample in the molecular gas fraction as a function of stellar mass for galaxies on the star-forming main sequence (SFMS). However, for void galaxies, the SFE was found to be constant across all stellar mass bins, while there is a decreasing trend with M* for the comparison sample. Finally, we found some indications for a smaller dynamical range in the molecular gas fraction as a function of distance to the SFMS in void galaxies. Overall, our analysis finds that the molecular gas properties of void galaxies are not very different from denser environments. The physical origin of the most significant difference that we found - a constant SFE as a function of stellar mass in void galaxies - is unclear and requires further investigation and higher-resolution data.2024A&A...692A.125Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/692/A125CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/144/16 : Optical & HI properties of galaxies in voids (Kreckel+, 2012)J/A+A/658/A124 : CO-CAVITY pilot survey. CO spectra (Dominguez-Gomez+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/692/A125https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/692/A125http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/692/A125https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/692/A125https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/692/A125http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/692/A125GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/692/A125/table1 (Properties for the IRAM-30m CO-CAVITY galaxies)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A125/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A125/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A125/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true131.015833350.18566670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/692/A125/table3 (LCO luminosity, co-factor conversion, molecular gas mass, and aperture correction factor for the CO-VG sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A125/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A125/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A125/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true131.01650.1860.0055555555555555566/4107 4123 4162 4165 4168-4169 4193 4197 4210 4288 4349 4431 4447 4452 4457 4461 4520 4569 4584 4589 4598 4603 4734 4820 4852 4856 4870 4880 4907 4910 4921 4942-4943 4948 5029 5039 5050 5056 5130 5148-5149 5175 5230 5279 5320 5356 5452 5463 5470 5489 5590 5672 5864 5866 6411 6416 6427 6437-6439 6447 6479 6505 6527 7201 7214 7216 7219 7222 7224 7301 8282 8457 8475 8484 8498 8500 8508 8673 8679 8823 8825 8841 8913 8922 8983 8995-8996 9037 9039-9040 9043 9055 9071 9098 9107 9154 9156 9161 9203 9206 9215 9351 9386 9739 9741 9767 9774 9777 9785 9858 9866 9872 9883-9884 10285 10335 10378 10383 10400 10405 10531 10538 10575 10765 10841 10950 11050 11111 11238 11297 11403 11440 11816 22364 26059 26083 26088 26109 26432 26434 26520 26561 26563 26971 26988 27003 27094 27364 27399 27424 27457 27507 27516 27543 27726 27747 27768 27771 27806 27809 27829 27831 27849 27872 27928 27937 27942 28071 28081 28110 28126 28149 28154 28158 28169 28180 28224 28228 28236 28461 28464 28472 28506 28529 28532https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/692/A125?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/692/A125/table1Properties for the IRAM-30m CO-CAVITY galaxiesSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCAVITYCatalogue ID in the CAVITY samplemeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000.0)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainzSDSSRedshift (from SDSS DR7)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatDLLuminosity distanceMpcpos.distancefloatR90rThe r-Petrosian radius R90,r (from SDSSDR7)arcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatJ/A+A/692/A125/table2CO emission line intensities for the IRAM-30m CO-CAVITYrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCAVITYCatalogue ID in the CAVITY samplemeta.id;meta.mainintl_ICO(1-0)Upper-limit flag on ICO(1-0)meta.code.errorcharICO(1-0)Velocity-integrated intensity for ICO(1-0)K.km/sphot.flux.densityfloate_ICO(1-0)? Error on ICO(1-0)K.km/sstat.errorfloatnullablermsICO(1-0)RMS noise around the CO(1-0) line at 20km/smKinstr.det.noisefloatS/NICO(1-0)? Signal-to-noise ratio for the CO(1-0) linestat.snrfloatnullableLWCO(1-0)Zero-level line widths for the CO(1-0) linekm/sspect.line.widthintICO(2-1)Velocity-integrated intensity for ICO(2-1)K.km/sphot.flux.densityfloate_ICO(2-1)? Error on ICO(2-1)K.km/sstat.errorfloatnullablermsICO(2-1)RMS noise around the CO(2-1) line at 20km/smKinstr.det.noisefloatS/NICO(2-1)? Signal-to-noise ratio for the CO(2-1) linestat.snrfloatnullableLWCO(2-1)Zero-level line widths for the CO(2-1) linekm/sspect.line.widthintl_ICO(2-1)Upper-limit flag on ICO(2-1)meta.code.errorcharJ/A+A/692/A125/table3LCO luminosity, co-factor conversion, molecular gas mass, and aperture correction factor for the CO-VG sampleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCAVITYCatalogue ID in the CO-VG samplemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainl_L'CO10obsLimit flag on L'CO10obsmeta.code.errorcharL'CO10obsCO(1-0)line luminosity1e+08K.km.s**-1.pc**-2phys.luminosityfloate_L'CO10obs? Error on L'_CO10,obs1e+08K.km.s**-1.pc**-2stat.errorfloatnullableCF? Galactic CO-to-H2 conversion factorsolMass.K**-1.km**-1.s.pc**2arith.factorfloatnullablel_log(MH2)Limit flag on log(MH2)meta.code.errorcharlog(MH2)Molecular gas masslog(solMass)phys.massfloate_log(MH2)? Error on the molecular gas masslog(solMass)stat.errorfloatnullablefapAperture factorinstr.fovfloatJ/A+A/692/A125/table4Properties for the CO-VG samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCAVITYCatalogue ID in the CO-VG samplemeta.id;meta.maincharlogM*Log of stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloate_logM*Error of stellar masslog(solMass)stat.errorfloatlogSFR? Log star formation ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)meta.idfloatnullablee_logSFR? Error of SFRlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.error;phys.SFRfloatnullable12+logO/H? Gas-phase metallicityphys.abundfloatnullable