J/A+A/692/A103ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/692/A103doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36920103CDSLi Y.Parker Q.Jia P.2025-09-22T20:01:17Z2025-05-05T14:14:24ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frplanetary-nebulaegalaxy-classification-systemsvisible-astronomyh-alpha-photometryWe have developed tools based on deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to search extant narrow-band wide-field H{alpha} surveys of the Galactic Plane for elusive planetary nebulae (PNe) hidden in dense star fields towards the Galactic centre. They are faint, low-surface-brightness, usually resolved sources, which had not discovered by previous automatic searches that depend on photometric data for point-like sources. These sources are very challenging to locate by traditional visual inspection in such crowded fields and many have been missed. We have successfully adopted a novel "Swin-Transformer" AI algorithm, which we describe in detail in the preceding Techniques paper (Paper I, Liu et al., arXiv:2103.14030). Here, we present preliminary results from our first spectroscopic follow-up run for 31 top-quality PN candidates found by the algorithm from the high-resolution H{alpha} survey VPHAS+. This survey has not yet undergone extensive manual, systematic searching. Our candidate PNe were observed with the SpUpNIC spectrograph on the 1.9m telescope at the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) in June 2023. We performed standard IRAF spectroscopic reduction, followed by our normal HASH PN identification and classification procedures. Our reduced spectra confirmed that these candidates include 22 true, likely, and possible PNe (70.97%), 3 emission-line galaxies, 2 emission-line stars, 2 late-type star contaminants, and 2 other H{alpha} sources including a newly identified detached fragment of supernova remnants (SNRs) RCW 84. We present the imaging and spectral data of these candidates and a preliminary analysis of their properties. These data provide strong input for evaluating and refining the behaviour of the AI algorithm when searching for PNe in wide-field H{alpha} surveys.2024A&A...692A.103Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/692/A103CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/386 : VPHAS+ DR3 survey (Drew+, 2025)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/692/A103https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/692/A103http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/692/A103https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/692/A103https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/692/A103http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/692/A103GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/692/A103/table1 (Parameters of the observed PN candidates and any associated nebulosity or outflows)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A103/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A103/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/692/A103/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true125.485417-42.8847220.0055555555555555566/28836 28885 28888 28927 29066 29190 29219 29222 29271 29466 29513 29517 30223 30236 30247 37247 37878 37904 38026 39266 40099 41591 41629 41674 41754 41760 42159 42206 42379 43016 43019https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/692/A103?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/692/A103/table1Parameters of the observed PN candidates and any associated nebulosity or outflowsDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameCommon namemeta.id;meta.maincharHASHHASH identification numbermeta.idintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainStatusObject statusmeta.codecharDiamAngular sizearcsecphys.angSizefloatMorphPN morphology (1)src.morphchar