J/A+A/691/A35ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/691/A35doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36910035CDSBlinov D.Arshinova A.2025-08-11T20:01:58Z2024-10-29T07:42:29ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradio-galaxiesgalaxiesvisible-astronomypolarimetryNumerous studies have reported significant displacements in the coordinates of active galactic nuclei (AGN) between measurements using the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) technique and those obtained by the Gaia space observatory. There is consensus that these discrepancies do indeed manifest astrometrically resolved sub-components of AGN rather than random measurement noise. Among other evidence, it has been reported that AGN with VLBI-to-Gaia displacements (VGD) pointing downstream their parsec-scale radio jets exhibit higher optical polarization compared to sources with the opposite (upstream) VGD orientation.We aim to verify the previously reported connection between optical polarization and VGD-jet angle using a larger dataset of polarimetric measurements and updated Gaia DR3 positions. We also seek further evidence supporting the disc-jet dichotomy as an explanation of such a connection by using mm-wave polarization and multi-band optical polarization measurements. We performed optical polarimetric observations of 152 AGN using three telescopes. These data are complemented by other publicly available polarimetric measurements of AGN. We cross-matched public astrometric data from VLBI and Gaia experiments, obtain corresponding positional displacements, and combined this catalog with the polarimetric and jet directions data. AGN with downstream VGD are confirmed to have significantly higher optical fractional polarization than the upstream sample. At the same time, the mm-wavelength polarization of the two samples shows very similar distributions. Our results support the hypothesis that the VLBI-to-Gaia displacements pointing down the radio jet are likely caused by a component in the jet emitting highly polarized synchrotron radiation and dominating in the overall optical emission. The upstream-oriented VGD are likely to be produced by the low-polarized emission of the central engine sub-components, which dominate in the optical.2024A&A...691A..35Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/691/A35CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)J/A+A/644/A159 : The third realization of the ICRF, ICRF3 (Charlot+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/691/A35https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/691/A35http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/691/A35https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/691/A35https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/691/A35http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/691/A35GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/691/A35/table3 (Coordinates of the sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/691/A35/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/691/A35/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/691/A35/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.085-32.350340.0055555555555555566/447 513-514 532 893 1528 1549 1702 2074 2225 2245 2273 2549 3024 3096 3208 3971 4235 4361 4779 4868 5404 5630 6018 6252 6264 6764 7426 7604 7656 8071 8207 8374 8407 8468 8487 8716 8720 8780 8858 8945 8972 9165 9270 9603 9794 10252 10352 10432 10596 10726 10800 11203 11449 11703 11965 12047 12311 12638 13323 13410 13711 13820 14520 15286 15950 16093 16444 16637 16685 16878 17348 17351 17579 17730 17843 17917 18022 18443 18624 18669 19271 19332 19601 19609 19618 19698 19831 19872 19907 20099 20141 20213 20286 20294 20468 21170 21318 21704 21726 21809 22224 22659 23134 23261 23383 24027 24615 24910 25292 25404 25428 25493 25673 25757 25817 26203 26207 26374 26446 26614 26738 27060 27104 27456 27659 27672 27964 28036 30040 30557 31599 31634 32073 32539 32608 32647 34670 35259 36214 36507 36857 39485 40193 40542 40873 43566 44523 46545 47064 49014https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/691/A35?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/A+A/691/A35/table3Coordinates of the sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/691/A35/table1R-band polarization measurements with FORS2 and RoboPolrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameAGN J2000 name (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharNobsNumber of observing epochsmeta.numberintqRelative Stokes parameter Q/I or its weighted average if Nobs>1phys.polarization.stokesfloate_qUncertainty of q or its weighted averagestat.errorfloatuRelative Stokes parameter U/I or its weighted average if Nobs>1phys.polarization.stokesfloate_uUncertainty of u or its weighted averagestat.errorfloatPDFractional polarization%phys.polarizationfloate_PDUncertainty of PD%stat.errorfloatPA[] Position Angle of the polarization planedegpos.posAng;phys.polarizationfloate_PAUncertainty of PAdegstat.errorfloatInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharJ/A+A/691/A35/table2Quasi-simultaneous R- and g'-band measurements with CAFOS and RoboPolrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameAGN J2000 name (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.id;meta.mainchargJDJulian Date of the g'-band observationdtime.epochdoublegqRelative Stokes parameter Q/I in the g'-bandphys.polarization.stokesfloate_gqUncertainty of gqstat.errorfloatguRelative Stokes parameter U/I in the g'-bandphys.polarization.stokesfloate_guUncertainty of gustat.errorfloatgPDFractional polarization in the g'-band%phys.polarizationfloate_gPDUncertainty of gPD%stat.errorfloatgPAPosition Angle of the polarization plane in the g'-banddegpos.posAng;phys.polarizationfloate_gPAUncertainty of gPAdegstat.errorfloatRJDJulian Date of the R-band observationdtime.epochdoubleRqRelative Stokes parameter Q/I in the R-bandphys.polarization.stokesfloate_RqUncertainty of Rqstat.errorfloatRuRelative Stokes parameter U/I in the R-bandphys.polarization.stokesfloate_RuUncertainty of Rustat.errorfloatRPDFractional polarization in the R-band%phys.polarizationfloate_RPDUncertainty of RPD%stat.errorfloatRPAPosition Angle of the polarization plane in the R-banddegpos.posAng;phys.polarizationfloate_RPAUncertainty of RPAdegstat.errorfloatInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrchar